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Section A
[20 marks]

You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on this section.

Part 1
Read the following text.

BIRTH

After about nine months of development inside the uterus, the baby is ready to
be born. The birth of a baby takes place in three stages.

During the first stage of birth, which is known as labour, the muscles of the
uterus begin contracting. This helps to dilate the cervix so that the baby can pass
through the birth canal. These early contractions are usually irregular, spaced
between five to twenty minutes apart and each contraction lasts less than a minute.
Early labour can be uncomfortable and long, sometimes lasting two or three days.

The second stage of birth is called delivery, whereby the contractions are strong.
Each of these contractions is regular, occurring every two or three minutes and lasts
longer than a minute. During the delivery of the baby, the cervix is fully dilated and
the baby is pushed out of the uterus through the birth canal, and out of the mother’s
body. If there are no complications, the head normally comes out first. At this time,
the baby is still connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord. Shortly after
delivery, the umbilical cord is cut about 5 cm from the baby’s abdomen.

About 15 minutes after delivery, the process of afterbirth begins. Continuous

contractions occur until the placenta is delivered. The whole process is usually
completed in less than an hour.

Adapted from: Science Explorer Prentice Hall

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Based on the information from the text, complete the graphic organiser below.

THE STAGES OF CHILDBIRTH

LABOUR
DELIVERY
Contractions
Contractions
• Type
1. _________________________ • Type
5. _________________________
• Frequency
2. _________________________ • Frequency
6. _________________________
• Duration
3. _________________________ • Duration
7. _________________________
• Purpose
4. _________________________

AFTERBIRTH

Contractions

• Type
8. _________________________

• Duration
9. _________________________

• Purpose
10. _________________________

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Part 2
Read the following text.

TECHNOLOGY

Technology refers to the relationship of society to its tools, and to the extent
society controls its environment. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the term
as: "the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area".

The use of technology by mankind began with the conversion of natural

resources into simple tools. The discovery of the ability to control fire by pre-
historical man increased the availability of food. The invention of the wheel
revolutionised transportation and helped man to control his environment. Recent
technological developments such as the inventions of the Internet and telephone
reduced physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact on a
global scale.

Technology is instrumental in developing more advanced economies and

has contributed towards the emergence of a leisure class. However, technology is a
double-edged sword with its inherent drawbacks. It has depleted natural resources
and caused irreparable damage to the environment. Apart from that, technology has
also adversely affected the values of society and caused ethical dilemmas.

Until recently, it has been widely believed that technological development

was strictly restricted to human beings only. However, recent scientific studies
have proven otherwise. Primates and dolphins have been known to develop simple
tools and pass down the knowledge to their descendants.

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Based on the information from the text, complete the graphic organiser below.

Definition

• The practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area.

1.
_____________________________________________________________

How animals use technology Developments

2. ____________________ • Creation of simple tools

TECHNOLOGY
____________________ Event

8. ____________________

____________________

Societal Impacts • Revolutionised transport

Event
3. ____________________
9. ____________________
____________________
____________________
4. ____________________
• Improved communication
____________________
Event
5. ____________________
10. ____________________
____________________
____________________
6. ____________________

____________________

7. ____________________

____________________

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Section B

[30 marks]

You are advised to spend about 45 minutes on this section.

You are the Project Leader of a fauna and flora research group. You have been
given the task of choosing a suitable site for nature expedition. Based on the
information given below, select the best site.

Site B
Site A
Variety of fauna and flora
Variety of fauna and flora
Terrain – very accessible – tarred
Terrain – not very accessible – some
roads
path and tracks
Trained guides easily available, but
Some trained guides available
expensive
Some orang asli settlements
Near to eco-resort
Have to bring some food supplies
Food easily available at resort
Accommodation : huts or tents
Accommodation : huts or tents

Site C

Variety of fauna and flora

Terrain difficult to access. No path,
mainly virgin jungle.
Few trained guides
Non-populated
No food available
Need tents to set up camp

Write a report to the Dean of Studies. Your report should include the following:

• The site of your choice

• Comparisons between the site of your choice and the other sites
• Reasons for your choice

You may include any other relevant information to make your report more
comprehensive. Your report should not be more than 300 words.

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END OF QUESTIONS

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