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2. OSMOSIS
3
3. ACTIVE TRAN
TRANSPORT
PORT
4. BULK TRANSPORT
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TRANSPORT ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE 4/2/2011
Th
The molecules move down a concentration gradient.
l l d t ti di t
Molecules have kinetic energy, which makes them move about
randomly.
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TRANSPORT ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE 4/2/2011
diffusion
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Cell membrane
EQUILIBRIUM
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TRANSPORT ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE 4/2/2011
2 Temperature
2. Temperature. Higher temperatures give molecules or ions more
kinetic energy. Molecules move around faster, so diffusion is
faster.
3. The surface area. The greater the surface area the faster the
diffusion can take place. This is because the more molecules or
ions can cross the membrane at any one moment.
4 Th
4. The ttype
p of
fmmolecule
l l or iion
n diffusing.
diff sin Large
L molecules
m l l s need
n d more
m
energy to get them to move so they tend to diffuse more slowly.
Non-polar molecules diffuse more easily than polar molecules
because they are soluble in the non polar phospholipid tails.
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Cell membrane
Protein channel
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diffusion diffusion
EQUILIBRIUM
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Facilitated Diffusion:
Molecules will randomly move through the opening like pore, by diffusion. This
requires no energy, it is a PASSIVE process. Molecules move from an area of high Facilitated diffusion
concentration to an area of low conc.
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Osmosis
Osmosis CONCENTRATED SOLUTION
DILUTE SOLUTION
membrane.’
b ’
VERY High conc. of Outside cell
Inside cell
water molecules.
High water potential.
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Osmosis Osmosis
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Endocytosis is the case when a molecule causes the cell membrane to bulge inward, forming a
vesicle. Phagocytosis is the type of endocytosis where an entire cell is engulfed. Pinocytosis is
when the external fluid is engulfed. Receptor‐mediated endocytosis occurs when the material to
be transported binds to certain specific molecules in the membrane. Examples include the
transport of insulin and cholesterol into animal cells.
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Receptor Proteins
Cotransport also uses the process of diffusion. In this case a molecule that is moving naturally
These proteins are used in intercellular communication. In this animation you can see the a
into the cell through diffusion is used to drag another molecule into the cell. In this example
hormone binding to the receptor. This causes the receptor protein release a signal to perform
glucose hitches a ride with sodium.
some action.
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