NEXUS VISTA SPM PHYSICS FORMS 4 & 5

ANSWERS Supplementary Materials for

ANSWERS

Page 11
Exercise 1

1. A: 6.30 ± 0.05 cm

B: 6.30 ± 0.05 cm
C: 7.25 ± 0.05 cm
D: 5.40 ± 0.05 cm
DC: 1.9 ± 0.1 cm
AC: 1.0 ± 0.1 cm
2. % DC = 5.3 %
% AC = 10 %
Decrease

Exercise 2
280.30 ± 0.05 s

Exercise 3
5.6 ± 0.2 N

Page 12
Exercise
1.37 ± 0.01 cm, 0.62 ± 0.01 cm, 0.37 ± 0.01 cm

Page 13
Exercise
3.470 ± 0.005 mm, 17.740 ± 0.005 mm

Page 31
Extra Questions

(a) The diameter of a wire is slightly different at different parts. So the readings are taken at
different areas and their average is found.
(b) Reading 3
6.48 + 6.47 + 6.49
(c) The average reading = = 6.48
3
The actual reading = 6.48- (-0.02) = 6.50 mm

(d) The end of the spindle is cleaned with tissue so that any dirt stuck to it will be wiped off and
will not be measured. The ratchet is rotated until a “click” sound is heard.

©Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. i

Page 34
Extra Questions

Question Answer scheme Mark

(a)i. State the relationship between T2 and m correctly 1
T2 is directly proportional to m ( or T2 α m)
Or T is directly proportional to square root of m (or T α m )
(a)ii. Calculate the period , T 1
m = 55 g T2= 3.6 s2
T= 1.90 s 1
Show horizontal line parallel to the axis with the m 1
(a)iii. Calculate the gradient of the graph and state the value within
the acceptable range
Show the triangle with an acceptable size ( 4 × 4 squares of 2 cm )
Substitute correctly ( according to the candidate’s graph) 1
3.25 − 0 s 2
Gradient =
50 − 0 g

State the correct value of the gradient with unit

0.065 s2 g-1 2

1
(b) If T =1.2 s 1
T2=1.44 s2
From the graph, if T2 = 1.44 s2, m = (22 ± 1) g
1
Show vertical line parallel to the axis with the T2 1
(c) State precaution to produce an accurate result of the
experiment
1
Make sure the spring is not loaded beyond the elastic limit.
(Spring return to original length when load is taken off).

Total 12

Page 53
Extra Questions

1 (a) total distance travelled = 5 + 12 = 17 km

2 2
(b) displacement = (5000) + (12000)

= 13 000 m (13 km)

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 17
(c) time = = 0.654 hour
26
13
(d) average velocity = = 19.9 km/h
0.654

2 (a) acceleration = slope

(0 − 10)
=
( 4 − 0)
= - 2.5 m s-2
-ve means deceleration
(10 × 4) (5 × 2)
(b) distance = +
2 2
= 20 + 5
= 25 m
(10 × 4) (5 × 2)
(c) displacement = −
2 2

= 20-5 =15 m
(e) average velocity
displacement
=
time
15
=
6
= 2.5 m s-1

3 E. III represents uniform motion and acceleration is zero. Compare I and II, let the time
interval between 2 consecutive dots be t.

I II III

y x y x
− −
a1 = 2t 2t = y − x a2 = 3t 3t = y − x
4t 8t 2 6t 18t 2

4 D.

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 vC − v B
a= = 100 cm s -2
0.2 s
= 1 m s -2

5. D
5−0
6 (a) For the first 5 seconds: a = = 1 m s -2
5
(b)

Page 81
Exercise
(a) u = 0, g = 10 m s-2 and s = 30 m
By v2 – u2 = 2 as
v2 -02 = 2 (10)(30)
v = 24.5 m s-1
(b) As the passengers fell at the rate as the acceleration due to gravity, they would feel like
they are weightless.

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 (c) The bodies acted as cushions such that the collision time of the taxi driver was
lengthened. As a result, the collision force was reduced.

Page 82
Quiz

If gravity was much weaker, we can walk easier.

If gravity was much stronger, we will walk hard and more difficult.
If gravity was much was zero, we cannot walk on the ground.

Page 130
Extra Questions

Paper 1

1 A 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 D
7 B 8 C 9 A 10 C 11 A 12 B
13 C 14 B 15 C 16 B 17 B 18 C
19 B 20 A 21 B 22 D 23 D 24 B

Paper 2

3 (a) Reaction time = 0.6 s

0 − 15
(b) Deceleration = = −4.41 m s -2
4 − 0 .6
(c) From t = 0 s to 0.6 s,
Distance travelled by car B = 15 × 0.6 = 9 m
From t = 0.6 s to 4 s,
u = 15 m s-1, v = 0 m s-1, a = -4.41 m s-2
By v2 = u2 + 2 as,
0 2 − 15 2
s= = 25.5 m
2(−4.41)
∴Stopping distance of car B = 9 + 25.5 = 34.5 m
Since 34.5 m > 30 m, car B will crash into car A.

(d) When a car suddenly stops, the passengers inside continue to move forward
(Newton’s first law of motion ) . They may hit the dashboard or windscreen and get
injured.
Seat belts provide the force that prevents the passengers from moving forward, thus
protecting them from injuries.

4 (a) Consider the whole system:

By F= ma
100 = ( 30 + 20) a
a = 2 m s-2

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 (b) Consider the 30 kg mass:
By F = ma
T = 30 (2) = 60 N

5 (a) Friction = 5 N
(b) By F = ma
8-5 = 2(a)
a = 1.5 m s-2
(c) -5 = 2 (a)
a = - 2.5 m s-2 ( - means deceleration)

6 (a) speed = 0 m s-1

acceleration = -10 m s-2
(b) By using 2 as = v2 – u2
2( -10) ( AB) = 02 –(10)2
AB = 5 m

1 2
(c) By using s = ut + at
2
1
s = 10 (6) + (−10)(6 2 )
2
= -120 m
The height of the building, H = 120 m

(d) By using v = u + at
v = 10 + (-10)(6)
v = - 50 m s-1

7 (a) 2 T + 7 650 = 8 000

T = 175 N

(b) By using F =ma

350 = 765 × a
a = 0.458 m s-2

(c) When the velocity of the balloon increases, the air resistance acting on it increases.
Therefore, by F= ma, the acceleration of the balloon decreases gradually. When the air
resistance is equal to the weight of the balloon, the acceleration of the balloon is zero.

(d) When some sand bags are thrown over the side, the total mass of the balloon decreases.
By using F = ma, the acceleration of the balloon increases.

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8 (a)

(b) R-mg = ma
550 – 50(10) = 50 (a)
a = 1 m s-2
The lift accelerates upwards at 1 m s-2

mg –R = ma
500 – 550 = 50 (a)
a = - 1 m s-2
The lift decelerates downwards at 1 m s-2

(c) It is incorrect, because the lift can either be at rest, or moving upwards or downwards at
uniform speed.

9 (a) F cos 450- 150 = 0

∴ F = 212.1 N
(b) Apply the force at a smaller angle to the horizontal.
(c) The statement is true.
It is because the temperature of ice is lower than that of the surroundings, so it
absorbs energy and melts.
The water between the surfaces reduces friction; hence it is easier to pull the
ice later.

Page 216
Extra Questions

1 (a) Mercury-in-glass thermometer should be used since the boiling point of mercury
is much higher than 1000C. ( The boiling point of alcohol is less than 1000C )
(b) Alcohol-in-glass thermometer should be used since the freezing point of alcohol is
much lower than 0 0C. ( The freezing point of mercury is higher than 00C )

2 (a) i. 241 K

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 ii. 161 K
iii. 0 K
iv. 277 K
v. 373 K
vi. 546 K

(b) i. -273 0C
ii. -241 0C
iii. -161 0C
iv.0 0C
v. 27 0C
vi. 5 727 0C

3 ∆ T = 85 K
(a) ∆ E1 = mccc∆T
= 0.8 × 385 × 85
= 26 180 J
(a) ∆ E2 = mwcw∆T
= 1 × 4 200 × 85
= 357 000 J
(c) Total energy = ∆ E1 + ∆ E2 = 383 180 J

4 ∆ E = mc ∆ T
12 600 = X ( 4 200) (80 -20)
X =0.05 kg

5 Let T2 be the final temperature.

∆ E = ( mgcg + moco) (T2 –T1)
214 200 = ( 0.6 × 700 + 1.2 × 2 200 ) × (T2 -15)
T2 = 85 0C

6 co = cw /2 ; mo = mw
∆ E = mwcw ∆Tw = moco ∆To
∴∆To/∆Tw = cw /co = 2
Water is more suitable since the temperature rise is less for the same amount of
energy absorbed.

7 (a) c = ∆E /m∆T
= 216 000 /0.2 ( 250-10)
= 4 500 J K-1 kg-1
(b) Rate of energy loss
= ∆E /∆t
= 216 000 /5 × 60
= 720 W

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8 (a) (∆T/ ∆t)p = 5.0 0C min-1
(∆T/ ∆t)Q = 7.5 0C min-1
(b) cp / cQ = (∆T /∆t)Q / (∆T/∆t)p
= 7.5 /5.0 = 1.5
(c) Q gets hot more easily and is a better conductor of heat.

9 L = Pt =100 × 20 × 60
= 120 000 J
l = L/m = 120 000 /0.5
= 240 000 J

10 (a) X is heated from 0 0C to 320 0C in 56 minutes. Temperatures remain constant for

some time at 120 0C and 260 oC.
(b) Melting point is 120 0C and boiling point is 260 0C.
(c) X is solid at temperatures below 120 0C; it becomes liquid between 1200C and 260 0C; it
changes to gas at temperatures higher than 260 0C.
(d) The slope of the graph is inversely proportional to the specific heat capacity. Since X in
gas form has the smallest slope, thus its specific heat capacity is the largest.
(e) For solid X,
∆ T/ ∆t = 24 0C min-1
= 0.4 0C s-1
P = mc∆T/ ∆t
= 0.1 × 600 × 0.4
= 24 W
(f) i. For liquid X,
∆T /∆t = 0.13 0C s-1
c = P/m (∆T/∆t)
= 24 / 0.1 × 0.13
=1 846 J 0C kg-1
ii. For gaseous X,
∆T/∆t = 0.07 0C s-1
c = P/ m (∆T/∆t)
= 24 / 0.1 × 0.07
= 3 429 J 0C kg -1
iii. lf =Pt /m
= 24 (12-5) 60 /0.1
= 100 800 J kg-1
iv. lv = Pt /m
= 24(42-30)60 /0.1
= 172 800 J kg-1

11 (a) Energy = 66 620 – 25 620

= 41 000 J
Mass of ice melted
= Mass of water collected
= 0.42 -0.25 =0.17 kg

©Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. ix

 lf = Energy /m
= 41 000 /0.17
= 2.41 × 105 J kg-1
(b) The experimental result is smaller than the theoretical value. It is because the room
temperature is higher than the melting point of ice and thus the mass of ice melted is too
large.
(c) A control experiment should be used. The mass of ice melted by room temperature in the
same time interval is measured. Thus the actual mass of ice melted by the heated can be
found.

12 Let T be the original temperature of the glass beaker.

Energy given out from glass
= Energy absorbed by alcohol
0.6 cg( T -78 )
= 0.01 ca (78-10) + 0.01 la
T = 102.22 0C

13 (a) 78 0C
(b) ∆T = 90 -78 = 12 0C
t = 3 × 60 = 180 s
Let P be the cooling rate.
Pt = mxcx∆T
P = ( 0.2 × 1 500 × 12) /180
= 20 W
(c) lf =P (7-3) × 60 / mx
= 20 × 4 × 60 /0.2
= 2.4 × 104 J kg-1
(d) ∆T =78-40 =380C
t = (13-7) × 60 = 360 s
cx = Pt/ mx∆T
=20 × 360 / 0.2 × 38
= 947.37 J K-1 kg-1

14 (a) P = ρgh
= 13 600 × 10 ×0.76
= 1.034 × 105 Pa
(b) The vertical height of the mercury column remains unchanged.

15 (a) Let A be the cross-section area of the tube in cm2; and h the length of air column at
vertical upright position.
Horizontal position :
Ph = atmospheric pressure
= Po = 760 mm mercury
V h = A × 10 cm3
Vertical position :

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 Pv = Po + 10 mm mercury
= 770 mm mercury
Vv = Ah
Applying Boyle’s law:
Vv = PhVh / Pv
Ah =760 × 10 A / 770
h =9.87 cm

(b) Let h’ be the length of air column at vertically up-side-down position.

P’ = Po- 10 mm mercury
= 750 mm mercury
V’= h’A
Applying Boyle’s law:
V’= PhVh /P’
Ah’ = 760 × 10 × A / 750
h = 10.13 cm

16 Since the bottle is closed and rigid, the volume is constant and the pressure law is applied.
(a) P1 = 1.1 × 105 Pa
T1 = 273 K
T2 = 373 K
P1/T1 = P2 /T2
∴ P2 = 1.1 × 105 × 373 /273
= 1.5 × 105 Pa
(b) T3 = 273 -50 =223 K
∴P3 = P1T3 /T1
= 1.1 × 105 × 223 /273
= 8.99 × 104 Pa
(c) P4 = 2 P1
∴T4 =P4T1 /P1
= 2 P1( 273) / P1
= 546 K = 273 0C

17 (a) V1 = 8 m3
T1 = 80 0C = 353 K
T0 = 0 0C = 273 K
Applying Charles’ law,
V0 = V1 T0 /T1
= 8 × 273 / 353
= 6.19 m3
(b) m = ρoVo
= 1.29 × 6.19
= 7.99 kg
(c) ρ1 = m/V1
= 7.99 / 8
= 0.998 kg m-3

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18 (a) The pressure on the air column is equal to the atmospheric pressure and the weight of the
mercury thread. It is constant throughout the experiment.
(b)

(c) It is a straight line intercepting the length-axis at 20.5 cm. The slope of the line is about
0.078 cm 0C-1. Since volume of air is represented by the length of the air column (L),
hence
L = 0.078 θ + 20.5
where θ is the temperature in 0C.
(d) Yes, either by extrapolating the graph to intercept at the temperature axis to find the
absolute temperature; or putting L = 0 in the equation deduced in (c) to find the absolute
temperature θo,
thus
0 = 0.078 θo + 20.5
θo = -20.5 /0.078
= -263 0C
19 (a) Gas pressure increases when temperature increases.
(b) Gas pressure decreases when volume increased.
(c) When the speed of gas particles increases, the gas temperature increases, the gas pressure
then also increase.
(d) Gas pressure increases when there are more gas particles.

20 (a) The density of air in the tyre will not change since the volume of the tyre is not changed
and no air leaks out.
(b) As temperature drops, the air particles move slower and the kinetic energy of the air
decreases.
(c) The air pressure in the tyre decreases. It is because the air particles move slower and they
hit the walls of the tyre at a slower rate; the average force on the walls of the tyre
decreases.

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 (d) More air should be pumped into the tyre to restore the air pressure at 5 0C.

Pg 228
Extra Questions

A 1C 2C 3C 4B 5D 6B 7C

B 1. Normal 2. same 3. Diffuse reflection 4. virtual 5. Laterally inverted

C 1.(a), (b) &(c)

Roo
mZ

w
all W

i. -image of B, reflected ray,incident ray – 1 m each, total 3 m

-no dotted line-1/2, no arrows-1/2
ii. image of C, incident and reflected ray,mirror of min. size – 1 m each, total 3 m
iii. extend the incident ray in ii., location of iii. , 1 m each, total 2 m

(d) –virtual, laterally inverted, same size as the object and as far behind the mirror as the
object is in front of it
(any two answers)

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Pg 231
Extra Questions

1B

2C

3 (a) m= v/u = 5/20=1/4

height of image= 10 × (1/4) = 2.5 cm
(b)

-Correct object and image.( position and size)

-Two correct rays through focus
(c) 4 cm
(d) -shaving mirror, dentist’s mirror, reflector telescope, bicycle head lamp
(Any two reasonable answers)

Pg 244
Extra Questions

1.(a) - Connect the ray box to power supply . Produce a narrow beam ( single ray) of light with
the ray box and single slit. Place the semi-circular perspex block on the paper protractor.
-Direct the light ray to the centre of the straight edge from the curved side of the semi-
circular block as shown above.
-Start from a small angle of incidence and increase the angle step by step
- When the angle of incidence is large enough, there is no refracted ray and the light ray is
totally reflected back to the perspex block. This is total internal reflection.
-Vary the angle of incidence until the refracted ray come out of the block just along the
straight edge.
-Measure the angle of incidence by the protractor, this is the critical angle of perspex.

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 (b)

- position of image- 1 mark

- direction of bending- 1 mark
- solid lines from A to eye -1 mark
- no dotted line- ½ mark
- no arrows- ½ mark

Pg 246
Extra Questions

1. D
2. (a) Light rays are totally internally reflected along the curved surface of the fibre
because the angle of incidence is larger than the critical angle of the material.
(b) A soft material allows the fibre to be laid in a curved shape. Secondly, the critical angle is
small for a material of high refractive index. This allows total internal reflection to occur
in most situations

Pg 269
Extra Questions

A1D 2 A 3B 4A 5D 6B 7B

B 1 True 2 True 3 False 4 True 5 True

6 True 7 True 8 True 9 False 10 False

C 1.

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 2. (a)

- Connect the ray box to the power supply. Produce a narrow beam of light with the ray box
and single slit.
- Place the glass block on the white paper. Use the pencil to mark the position of the glass
block on the paper.
- Direct the light ray to the mid-point A of the longer side BC of the glass block. Mark the
path of the incident ray by two crosses.
- Observe the path the light ray takes when leaving the glass block. Mark the path with two
crosses.
- Remove the glass block and join the paths of the two light rays and the path of the light
ray inside the glass block.
- Draw a dotted line from point A perpendicular to the side BC of the glass block.
- Measure the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction on the side BC using the
protractor.
- Vary the angle of incidence and measure the corresponding angle of refraction.

(b)

-position of image - 1 mark

- direction of bending 1 mark
-solid lines from A to eye - 1 mark
-no dotted line - ½ mark
- no arrows – ½ mark

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Page 341
Extra Questions

(a) Saving in power = 40 - 9 = 31 W

31
Saving in energy = kW × 10,000 h
1000
= 310 kWh
Saving in cost = 310 × RM 0.22 = RM 68.20
47
(b) Energy saved = kW ×10,000 h
1000
= 470 kWh

Cost saving = 470 × RM 0.22 = RM 103.4

Page 356
Exercise

To the right, by applying the Right-Hand Grip Rule.

Page 411
Quiz

NOR gate

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Page 428
Extra Question

VR

FORECAST 2008 SPM PAPER

Paper 1
1C 2C 3B 4C 5C 6D 7A 8B
9A 10 C 11 A 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 E 16 B
17 D 18 C 19 D 20 D 21 E 22 B 23 C 24 D
25 A 26 D 27 C 28 A 29 E 30 D 31 C 32 B
33 C 34 B 35 A 36 D 37 C 38 B 39 C 40 D
41 C 42 A 43 A 44 B 45 C 46 D 47 C 48 C
49 C 50 D

Paper 2
75.8 cm
1 (a) i. L = = 7.58 cm
10
L 7.58 cm
ii. D = = = 2.41 cm
π π

(b) To reduce random error/the diameter of the test tube is not uniform/the mean value of x is
more accurate than one value of x.
(c) i. Vernier callipers.
ii. Check for zero error by closing the jaws of the vernier callipers. Hold the test tube
with the outer jaws of the callipers and record the reading.
Diameter = Reading – (Zero error).

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2 (a) i. At point S
ii. When the parachute opens, air resistance increases suddenly to a large value.
The speed of the parachutist decreases to a small value.
(b) Acceleration, a =gradient of line PQ
-1
40 m s
= = 8 .0 m s - 2
5s
(c)

3 (a) Positive ions are attracted to the negative electrode and negative ions are attracted to the
positive electrode. Movement of ions between the electrodes produces a current.
(b) 241 237
95 Am → 93 Np + 2 He
4

(c)

4. (a) Gravitational potential energy → Kinetic energy → Heat + Sound energy

(b) 48.0 – 3.0 = 45.0 cm = 0.45 m

(c) i. Work = 100 ( mgh )

= 100 (0.50)(10)(0.45)
= 225 J

ii. Work = heat produced

225 = mc∆θ
Specific heat capacity,
225
c=
(0.5)(3.0)
= 150 J kg-1 0C-1.

(d) No heat is lost to the surroundings/all the gravitational potential energy is converted to
heat energy/the cardboard tube does not absorb any heat.

5 (a) i. Radioactive substance

ii. Radioactive radiation can destroy living cells/ damage sensitive organs/ cause cell or
gene mutations/ cancer.
iii. Handle radioactive materials using long forceps/tongs

(b) i. Nuclear fusion

ii. Very high temperature is required for fusion to take place.

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 (c) i. Loss in mass,
∆m = (2.015 +2.015) – ( 3.017 + 1.009)
= 0.0004 u
= 0.0004 × 1.66 × 10-27 kg
= 6.64 × 10-30 kg
ii. Energy released, ∆E = ∆mc2
= ( 6.64 × 10-30) ( 3.0 × 108)2
= 5.98 × 10-13 J

6. (a)
Reflection Diffraction
P Q
R S
T

(b) The wavelength of sound in air is large, comparable ( about the same size) to the width of
the openings in windows and doors. Sound diffracts very well when sound waves pass
through windows and doors.
(c) i.

ii. In 4 ms, the microwaves of the radar signal have travelled to the aircraft and back, a
distance of 2d.
Speed of microwaves,
Distance travelled
c=
Time
2d
3.0 × 108 =
4 × 10 −3
(3.0 × 10 8 )(4 × 10 −3 )
d=
2
= 6.0 × 105 m

7 (a) i. So that each circuit can function separately/ so that faults that occur in one circuit do
not affect the other circuit.
ii. Wire A carries a smaller current, wire B carries a larger current.
iii. 1. An electromagnetic relay uses a very small current, is safe to use.
2. An electromagnetic relay can be placed very far away from the electrical appliance
that it operates. A normal switch needs to be near the electrical appliance.
(b) To increase/ to concentrate the magnetic field produced by the coil.
(c) – When a current flows through the relay coil, the soft-iron core becomes an
electromagnet.

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 - The soft iron armature is attracted by the electromagnet.
- Movement of the soft iron armature closes the contact and the starter motor is switched
on.

8. (a) To reflect all the light it receives back to lenses H and J.

(b) To refract the light through the slide to produce a bright image/ also to act as heat filter to
block the slide from the strong heat of the lamp.
(c) Place the screen further away from lens K, or move lens K nearer the slide.
1 1 1
(d) From : = +
f u v
1 1 1
= +
f 0.10 2.0
10 1 21
= + =+
1 2 2

1
Power of lens K, P = = +10.5 D
f

Section B

9 (a) i. The momentum of an object is the product of the mass of the object and its velocity.
ii. 1. The momentum of the boatman is in the left direction, the momentum of the
boat is in the right direction.
2. The momentum of the escaped air is in the downward direction, the
momentum of the rubber balloon is in the upward direction.
3. The velocity of the boatman is higher than that of the boat as the mass of the boatman
is smaller/ The velocity of the rubber balloon is higher than that of the escaped air as
the mass of the balloon is smaller.
4. The magnitude of the momentum of the boatman= The magnitude of the momentum
of the boat/ the magnitude of the momentum of the escaped air= the magnitude of the
momentum of the rubber balloon.
5. The principle of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a
closed system is constant.

(b) –A rocket carries its own supply of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as fuel
-there is no oxygen/ air in outer space
-the liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen in the rocket combine together and cause
combustion,
-the exhaust gas escapes from the rocket to produce a forward thrust
- A jet aircraft does not carry its own liquid oxygen supply, hence its fuel cannot burn in
outer space to produce a forward thrust
(c) – remove the propellers and replace them with two jet engines, one on each wing.
- jet engines are placed on the wings to balance the weight of the aircraft, and to receive
oncoming air rushing through them
-The turbine in the jet engine sucks in air from outside for the combustion of the kerosene

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 -the exhaust gas produced escapes from the jet engine to produce a forward thrust to the
aircraft
-the body of the jet aircraft must be streamlined so that air friction is reduced
- the wings must be aerofoil-shaped to produce more lift to the aircraft when it is flying
-since the aircraft flies at a higher speed, it has greater lift and is able to carry a bigger load
- the body of the jet aircraft is increased to carry more passengers and more load
-more tyres must be fixed to the aircraft
- to help the aircraft stop safely when it is landing.

10. (a) A magnetic field is a region around a magnet/or a wire carrying a current, where another
magnet /or another wire experience a force.
(b) – In Figure 10.1, the coil has a smaller number of turns, the current flowing through the
coil is smaller, the iron filings are scattered, far apart.
- In Figure 10.2, the coil has a larger number of turns, a bigger current flows through the
coil, the iron filings are very close/very compact/concentrated in the centre of the coil

(c) i. the strength of the magnetic field increases when the magnitude of the current flowing
through the coil is increased;
ii. the strength of the magnetic field increases when the number of turns of the coil is
increased.

(d) F

- The catapult field is stronger in the region below the wire and weaker in the region
above the wire.
- The wire experiences a resultant force F acting vertically upwards as shown.

(e) i.

- Two equal and opposite forces F act on the sides of the coil. The coil rotates in a
clockwise direction.
- When the coil rotates 900 and is in a vertical position, no current flows through the
coil.
- The momentum of the coil causes the coil to rotate through the vertical position.
- When the coil has turned 1800, the commutator changes position and the current in
the coil is reversed.
- The coil continues to rotate in one direction.

©Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. xxii

 ii. 1. A 12 V a.c. is converted to 12 V d.c. by using a full-wave rectification circuit.
2.

3. Increase the number of turns in the coil.

4. Use thick copper wire to reduce the resistance of the coil.
5. Wind the coil onto a soft-iron cylinder pivoted in between the two permanent
magnets.
6. Use stronger permanent magnets.

Section C

11. (a) i. The specific latent heat of vaporization of a liquid is the amount of heat required to
change 1 kg of the liquid to gaseous state at constant temperature.
ii. – The density must be low,
- so that the air-conditioner unit is not too heavy/the cooling agent can floweasily,
- boiling point must be low,
- so that the cooling agent is volatile/evaporates easily at low temperature;
- specific heat capacity must be low,
- so that it can be heated quickly/ becomes liquid when compressed
- The specific latent heat of vaporization must be high,
- So that it absorbs more heat from the surrounding air when it evaporises through the
valve in the copper tube/ more efficient,
- Liquid N is most suitable.
- Liquid N has a low density, low boiling point, low specific heat capacity and
moderate specific latent heat of vaporization.

(b) i. – Sweat molecules absorb heat from the body and escape as gas molecules
- Energy is needed to break the bonds between the liquid molecules,
- Sweat molecules which are left on the body have less kinetic energy,
- The body loses energy and the temperature decreases.

ii. Factors:
1. Increase the surface area of the liquid,
2. Increase the movement of air molecules outside the liquid surface
(c) Rate of heat produced by the runner
1 -1
= (800) = 400 J s .
2
Total heat produced in 2 hours,
Q = 400 × 2 × 60 × 60
Total heat produced = Latent heat of vaporization of sweat.
400 × 2 × 60× 60 = mL

©Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. xxiii

 Mass of sweat evaporated,
(400 × 2 × 60 × 60)
m= = 1.27 kg
2.26 × 10 6

12 (a) i. The e.m.f. of a battery is the energy per coulomb supplied by the battery to the whole
circuit.
ii. To reduce the current flowing through the LDR.
iii. The reading of the voltmeter is given as:
R1
V1 = .V
R1 + R 2
When the LDR is in darkness,
R2=2 MΩ,
1
V1 = (12) = 4 V
1+ 2
When the LDR is in bright light, R2 = 500 Ω =0.0005 MΩ,
1
V1 = (12) = 12 V
1 + 0.0005

iv. 1. Interchange the LDR and the 1 MΩ resistor.

2. In darkness, the voltage across the lamp ( assuming it works on 8.0 V ) = voltage
across the LDR = 12 - 4 = 8 V. The lamp lights up.
3. In bright light, voltage across the lamp = voltage across LDR = 12 – 12 = 0 V. The
lamp is off.

(b) i. – If the density is low, the coil is light and will rotate too fast.
- if the density is high, the coil is heavy but can rotate with high energy at 50 Hz
frequency.
- The melting point must be high,
- so that the coil can stand high temperature/ does not melt/ does not change shape
- Expansion is small when hot,
- so that the generator can work efficiently/ can last long/ there is less wear and tear
- resistance per metre must be small,
- less heat is lost/more efficient
ii. Wire V is the most suitable. It has high density, a high melting point, little expansion
and low resistance per metre.

(c)

1. The output voltage from the dynamo is connected to terminal 1 and 2.

2. – During the first half cycle, only diode K and diode L are forward biased and
conduct a current through each of them.

©Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. xxiv

 - A current flows through the resistor R and a potential difference V is produced across
R.
- In the next half cycle, only diodes M and N are forward biased.
- A current flows through the resistor R in the same direction as before. A similar p.d.
is produced across R.
- A large capacitor C is connected parallel to R to smooth the output voltage.
-

PAPER 3

Section A

1 (a) i. Manipulated variable: Number of lead shots, N

ii. Responding variable: Submerged depth, h
iii. Constant variable: Density of the water used, type of test tube used.
(b) ho = 7.4 cm

No. of lead h/ cm (h-ho)/ cm

shots, N
0 7.4 0.0
1 8.8 1.4
2 10.2 2.8
3 11.6 4.2
4 13.0 5.6
5 14.4 7.0

(c) Graph of ( h-ho ) against N

( h-ho )/cm

©Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. xxv

 (d) i. The straight line graph shows that (h-ho) ∝ N, i.e. the buoyancy force ( which is
proportional to the number of lead shots) is directly proportional to the depth h
submerged.
7 .0
ii. Gradient, k = cm=1.4 cm
5

(e) Substitute d = 2.40 cm, k = 1.4 cm into the formula:

W = 0.04 d2.k
= 0.04 (2.40)2 (1.4)
= 0.32 N

2. (a) i. v decreases as u increases.

(b) i. Graph of v against u

v/cm

ii. At the point of intersection,

v = 30.0 cm, u = 30.0 cm.

1 1 1 1 1 1
iii. = + ⇒ = +
f u v f 30 30
Focal length, f = 15.0 cm

(c) From the graph, when u = 25 cm, v = 38 cm;

Height of image, hi v
=
Height of object, ho u
v
Height of image, hi = × heightofobject
u
38
= × 0.6cm
25
= 0.9 cm

(d) Hold a convex lens to focus a far away object such as a faraway tree. Adjust a piece of
white screen behind the convex lens until a sharp image of the faraway object is formed
on the screen. The distance between the lens and the screen is the focal length, f.

©Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. xxvi

Section B

3 (a) Inference: The position of an object and the position of its image in water are different.
(b) Hypothesis: The apparent depth of an object increases when its real depth
increases.
(c) i. Aim: To investigate the relationship between the apparent depth and the real
depth of an object.
ii. Manipulated variable: Real depth, D
Responding variable: Apparent depth, d
Constant variable: Type of water used
iii. Tall plastic container, water, two long pins, plasticine, metre rule, retort stands
with clamps.
iv.

v. 1. Place a long pin Po as the object in a tall plastic container.

2. Fill the tall plastic container with water until the real depth, D = 2.0 cm.
3. Adjust the pin P1 outside the tall plastic container until it coincides with the image
of Po, by using the non—parallax method. Record the apparent depth, d of the image
pin below the water surface.
4. Repeat the experiment using D = 4.0 cm, 6.0 cm, 8.0 cm, 10.0 cm and 12.0 cm.

vi.
Real depth, D / cm Apparent depth, d/ cm
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0

vii. Plot a graph of d against D.

The straight line obtained shows that d is directly proportional to D.

©Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. xxvii

4 (a) Inference: Current I changes when the resistance in the circuit changes.
(b) Hypothesis: Current I increases when the total resistance R in the circuit decreases.
(c) i. Aim : To investigate the relationship between current I and total resistance R in
a circuit.
ii. Manipulated variable:
Resistance R.
Responding variable: Current I .
Constant variable: E.m.f. of the battery/ dry cells
iii. Two dry cells of e.m.f. 1.5 V, battery holder , 100 cm constantan wire,
connecting wires, switch, voltmeter, ammater, rheostat.
iv.

1.Set up the circuit as shown.

2. Connect a constantan wire of length L = 20.0 cm between A and B.
3. Switch on the circuit and adjust rheostat until the ammeter reading, I =0.2 A.
Record the voltmeter reading V.
4. Repeat procedures 2 and 3 using L = 30.0 , 40.0, 50.0, 60.0 and 70.0 cm.

v.
L/cm I /A V/V R/Ω
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

vi. Plot a graph of current I against resistance R.

The graph shows that as R increases, current I decreases.

©Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. xxviii