Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Qualcomm Incorporated
January 2008
3GPP Long-Term Evolution
Table of Contents
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LTE supports both FDD and TDD modes, allowing operators to address
all available spectrum resources.
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HSPA+ offers similar capacity and peak rates as LTE in 5 MHz, and
provides similar user experience and service continuity when outside
the LTE coverage. Furthermore, HSPA+ supports high-capacity VoIP,
allowing voice-service continuity for LTE systems that rely on VoIP for
voice services.
LTE utilizes a new core network, the EPC, which allows for a more
flat IP-based architecture. Throughout the design of LTE and EPC,
emphasis has been placed on interoperability with existing 3GPP
technologies like UMTS and GSM. This will ensure that HSPA+ and
LTE co-exist seamlessly.
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HSPA/HSPA+
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200
182
93
68
40
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Table 1 shows the peak data rates for four possible bandwidth
deployments. The data rates achievable are a direct result of the
spectrum bandwidth of the LTE deployment and the number of users
per sector. In a 20 MHz deployment, LTE enables a DL peak data
rate of 277 Mbps and an UL peak data rate of 75 Mbps.
Downlink (DL)
16 68 138 277
(4x4 MIMO)
Uplink (UL) 4 18 37 75
• MIMO
• SDMA
• Beamforming
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On the UL, LTE uses single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA, also called DFT-
spread OFDM). SC-FDMA has potential peak-to-average benefits over
OFDMA, but an optimized OFDMA implementation mitigates any issues
and provides similar performance and benefits as SC-FDMA.
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The EPC network, with the Evolved Packet System (EPS) access
gateways, provides a simpler deployment with fewer nodes, while
providing more functionality than the traditional GPRS core network.
The EPS maintains interaction with the existing 3GPP systems through
the GPRS core network, and provides connectivity to the IMS and
IP-services domains. EPS also provides connectivity to non-3GPP
technologies, such as 3GPP2 and Wi-Fi® networks. EPS protocols
are being designed to support various interoperability scenarios.
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WCDMA
WCDMA + HSDPA
There Were More Than 137 Million UMTS Subscribers July ’07
WCDMA: 174 Commercial Operators HSDPA: 128 Commercial Operators
53 Commercial Operators @ 3.6Mbps
Figure 10: WCDMA and HSPA Deployments (Source: GSMA [Operators: July 2007], [Subscribers: June 2007])
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[7] Conclusion
LTE is an optimized mobile-OFDMA solution built from the ground up
for mobility, which allows operators to offer advanced wireless services
in new and wider bandwidths of up to 20 MHz. LTE builds on HSPA’s
success and will complement existing HSPA and HSPA+ networks
with a capacity boost in high-demand areas. LTE’s high performance,
integrated QoS support and low latency allow operators to efficiently
target the entire range of IP services, from delay-sensitive services such
as telco-quality VoIP to HD-quality video streaming.
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[8] Glossary
© 2008 Qualcomm, Incorporated. All rights reserved. Qualcomm is a registered trademark of Qualcomm, Incorporated. UMTS and 3GPP are
trademarks of ETSI. Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. Qualcomm asserts
that all information is correct through January 2008.
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