Beruflich Dokumente
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Case Presentation 3
October 9, 2009
• Patient: 10 year‐old female presented with
mother to USC Dental Emergency
• Chief complaint from mother: My daughter
was on a swing at school three days ago and a
was on a swing at school three days ago and a
boy ran in front of her. She hit her front teeth
on his head. Please help my daughter.
• Mother provided consent for photographs of
daughter.
Case Presentation 3
• Medical history: non‐contributory. Patient was
given Rx for amoxicillin and Tylenol with codeine
from previous dentist. Tetanus vaccine is current.
• Dental history: swing accident October 6, 2009.
Dental history: swing accident October 6, 2009.
Mother reported seeking dental care from 4
different dentists. 1 dentist stated she needed
extractions. 2 dentists told her they could not
help her. 1 dentist advised she see an oral
surgeon. No referrals were given.
#8 and #9 Horizontal Fractures
Case Presentation 3
#10 Extrusive Luxation
• Periapical and panoramic radiographs taken in
Emergency
• Referred to Graduate Endodontics
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#7 Class I mobility #8 Class III mobility
#9 Class III mobility #10 Class III mobility Case Presentation 3
• Periapical radiographs taken
• Referral to Oral Surgery for suspected alveolar
fracture
Alveolar Fracture of Maxilla
Repositioning Maxilla Arch Bar
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Andreasen JO, Adreasen FM, Bakland LK and Flores 2004 Recommended Guidelines of the AAE for
MT. Traumatic Dental Injuries Second Edition. 2003 the Treatment of Traumatic Dental Injuries:
Alveolar Fracture
• Alveolar fracture: splint with a rigid or non‐ • Reposition the fragment. Stabilize the
rigid splint for 3‐4 weeks. Pulpal and PDL fragment to the adjacent teeth with a splint
healing should be monitored after 4, 8 and 26
healing should be monitored after 4, 8 and 26 for 3 4 weeks
for 3‐4 weeks.
weeks and after 1 year.
• Soft diet
• CHX 0.12% twice a day for 7 days
• Follow‐up at 3‐4 weeks, 6‐8 weeks, 6 months,
1 year and yearly for 5 years.
Position Arch Bar and securing with 26 Arch bar Placed in OS 10/09/09
gauge wire Advised removal at 4 weeks
Class I with #8 and #9 Diastema Before and After
Splint Placement 10/09/09 Splint Adjustment 10/12/09
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Andreasen FM and Andreasen JO.
Parent Compliance 1993: Treatment of Coronal Segment
• Parent unable to bring patient back to USC for of a Horizontally Fractured Tooth
follow‐ups. Parent works weekdays and lives • The coronal fragment of a horizontally
in Anaheim. fractured tooth can be considered a luxation
• Three broken appointments on 10/16, 10/21
Three broken appointments on 10/16 10/21 injury with resultant trauma to the PDL and
injury, with resultant trauma to the PDL and
and 10/22. neurovascular supply to the coronal pulp
• OS is contacting mother. (causing necrosis). In contrast, the apical
fragment remains essentially uninjured.
Andreasen FM and Andreasen JO. Plan
1993: Alveolar Fractures
• Clean and shape the incisal segments of #8
• The bony fracture may disrupt the vascular and #9 then place calcium hydroxide with Arch
supply to the associated teeth, which can Bar in place during general anesthesia
result in pulp necrosis
result in pulp necrosis. • During same treatment, Arch Bar Removal by
During same treatment Arch Bar Removal by
• Thus monitoring pulp vitality is critical. OS
• A non‐rigid splint may be placed after Arch Bar
removal during the same treatment
Plan
• MTA obturation of incisal segments of #8 and
#9 under general anesthesia with the
ENDODONTIC CONSIDERATIONS IN
possibility for treatment of #7 and/or #10.
• Follow‐up pulp vitalities of #7 and #10 at 3‐4
Follow up pulp vitalities of #7 and #10 at 3 4
THE CARE OF TRAUMATIC TEETH
weeks, 6‐8 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and yearly
for 5 years.
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Primary level of care Priority Categories
• Acute Priority‐avulsion, alveolar fracture,
Replant avulsed tooth extrusion, lateral luxation, root fractures
• (treat within a few hours)
Stabilize luxated teeth
• Subacute priority‐intrusion, concussion,
Reattach a broken tooth fragment subluxation, crown fractures with pulp
exposure‐delay of several hours does not
effect results
Priority categories Crown Fractures therapy depends on:
• Size of exposure
• Condition of the pulp
• Delayed –crown fractures with no pulp
exposure • Maturity of the roots
• Time between accident and treatment
• Concomitant periodontal injury
• Restorative plan
Pulp ‐1.5 hrs after trauma
Increase in vascularization
Histopathological Evaluation of the
human dental pulp in crown
fractures
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4 days‐increased number of blood
17 hours –Mononuclear infiltrate
vessels
7 days –large aggregates of collagen
20 days‐degenerating nerve fibers
fibers
Crown Fracture‐exposed pulp Root Fractures
• MTA PULP CAP • Infrequent occurrence‐5% of all dental injuries
• Observe • No RCT initially
• Pulp test‐ 3 months • Reposition of coronal segment
• Radiograph‐follow root development • Stabilize 4‐6 weeks
• Splint should be functional and non‐rigid‐use
ortho wire, or flexible resin with nylon
filament
• RCT on coronal section possible
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Luxation Injuries Luxation injuries cont
• Concussion‐tooth is sensitive to percussionbut • Intrusive luxation‐tooth is forced into the
not excessively mobile alveolus‐appears ankylosed
• Subluxation‐injury has left the tooth with • WORST INJURY
increased mobility
increased mobility
• Extrusive luxation‐tooth is partially extruded • With exception of concussion, luxation injuries
in the socket and very mobile frequently cause pulp necosis
• Lateral luxation‐tooth displaced horizontally or
locked in position
Avulsions Avulsions cont.
• Best outcome‐replant immediately • If avulsed tooth is left dry for more than 1 hr‐
• 15 mins or sooner‐PDL will survive hard to get pdl restored
• Most likely RCT is necessary except if tooth • Replant tooth
h i
has immature apex root formation
f i • Discuss resorption
i i
nd
• Rct 2 week after replantation
• Splint with a functional non rigid splint 2‐3
weeks to re‐establish pdl