Thailand’s Low Carbon Growth

Strategies and Challenges

Chaiwat Muncharoen, D. Eng.

Deputy Executive Director
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization Public Organization)
 Estimation of Thailand Emissions
700.0
600.0
CO2-eEmissions(Mt)

500.0
400.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
0.0
1998 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year
Energy Industrial Process Solvent andOtherProduct Use
Agriculture LandUseChange&Forestry Wastes
GDPHighCase GDPLowcase
Total Emission (included LULUCF) = 229.08 Mt CO2 eq

Waste, 9.32,
LULUCF, 4.1%
-7.90, -3.4%
Agriculture,
51.88, 22.6% • GHG emission in 2000
Energy,
(Mt CO2 eq, %) - by sector
159.39, 69.6%
Industrial
processes,
16.39, 7.2%

N2O (Mt)Eq,
12.39, 5.4%
CH4 (Mt)Eq,
58.83, 25.7% • GHG emission in 2000
Net CO2, (Mt CO2 eq, %) - by Gas Type
157.86, 68.9%
 Emission in 2000 of Energy Sector (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'Energy Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Waste 1A2
9.3, 4.1%
LULUCF, Manufacturing
- 7.9, - 3.4% industries &
1A1 Energy construction, 30.8,
Industries,
66.4, 41.7%
Agriculture Energy, 159.4
51.9, 22.6% 69.6%

1A3 Transport, 44.7,

1B2 Oil and natural 28.0%
gas, 4.6, 2.9%
Industrial processes, 1A4b Residential,
16.4, 7.2% 1B1 Solid fuels 1A4c 5.6, 3.5%
Agriculture/Forestry/F
0.7, 0.4%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq ishing, 6.7, 4.2%
 Emission in 2000 of Industrial Process (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'Industrial Processes' (MtCO2eq, %)

Agriculture,
51.9 22.6% LULUCF, -7.9, -3.4% 2A Mineral products,
Waste, 9.3, 4.1% 16.0, 97.9%

2B Chemical industry,
0.3, 2.0%
Industrial Processes,
16.4, 7.2%
Energy, 159.4, 69.6%
2C Metal production,
0.01, 0.0%

Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq

 Emission in 2000 of Agriculture (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'Agriculture' (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Industrial processes,
16.4, 7.2%
LULUCF, -7.9, -3.4%
4C Rice cultivation,
Waste, 9.3, 4.1%
29.9, 57.5%

Agriculture, 51.9, 4D Agricultural soils,

22.6% 7.8, 15.0%
Energy, 159.4, 69.6%
4F Field burning of
agricultural residues,
4B Manure 1.0, 1.9%
management, 5.1, 4A Enteric
9.7% fermentation, 8.3,
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq 15.9%
 Emission in 2000 of LULUCF (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'LULUCF' (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Industrial processes, Agriculture, 51.8,
22.6% 5A Changes in forest
16.4, 7.2%
& other woody
Waste, 9.3, 4.1% biomass stocks,
- 13.35 Mt CO2eq
5B Forest &
LULUCF,
grassland conversion,
- 7.9, - 3.4%
44.47 Mt CO2eq

Energy, 159.4, 5C Abandonment

69.6% of managed lands,
- 39.02 MtCO2eq

Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq

 Emission in 2000 of Waste Sector (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Emission in 2000 by 'Waste Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %)

Industrial processes, Agriculture, 51.9,
16.4, 7.2% 22.6%

LULUCF, - 7.9, - 3.4%

6B Waste-water
handling, 4.4, 47.5%
Waste, 9.3,
4.1%
6C Waste
incineration, 0.02,
0.2%
6A Solid waste
Energy, 159.4, 69.6%
disposal on land,
4.9, 52.2%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
National Emission in Time Series
2000 – 2004
 Total GHG Emission (Mt CO2 eq)
with LULUCF / with F-gases

300
389.2
265.9
250 251.8
229.1 225.0 238.8

200 Energy
Industrial proc.
Agriculture
Mt CO2 Eq

150
LULUCF
Waste
100 Total national emissions and removals

50

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

-50
 Supply
Electricity
Policies, measures,
capacity building,
Finance,
Technology
Contribution of Emission Reduction :PDP
2010 Scenario

Baseline emission 1,400 MtCO2

PDP 2010 emission

715 1,275 MtCO2

498
 Climate Plan Scenario: mitigation option
Mitigation Option of GHG
Emission
Non-
Energy 1.T& D Losses
2. Renewable
Energy
3.PP Efficiency
Power 4. Fuel Switching
Generation 5. Coal+CCS

• Eff. Boiler
Industrial sector
• Eff. Furnace
• Biodiesel
• Gasohol
Transport sector • Hybrid
• Eco-car

• Cooking Stove
Commercial & • LPG Stove
Residential • Standby Power
sector • Electric Kettle
• Fridge in Store
Climate Plan Scenario: mitigation option
Mitigation Option of GHG Emission

Non-Energy
• Clinker Substitution
Industrial Process • CCS
• BAT

• Livestock
• Rice Field
Agriculture • Agricultural Soil
• Field Burning

• Forest conservation 2005

Forestry & • Increase forest land to 40% in 2020
LULUCF

Waste • Policy and Technology Mix for OD and LF

 Climate Plan Scenario:
Energy sector

Baseline emission 740 MtCO2

309

204
 Climate Plan Scenario:
Agriculture & Forestry Sector

Baseline emission 124 MtCO2

99.6
86
 Climate Plan Scenario:
Waste Management Sector
EnvironmentalResults:Global WorminngPotential
CombinedMitigation: Management(3Rs)withTechnology
(Semi-aerobicLandfill +OrganicTreatment +LFGRecovery)
40000
BAU- GDP4% Baseline emission 35.1 MtCO2
1kg/person/day+30% Recycling
35000 Management 3Rs Implementation: 1kg/person-d+30%Recycling
GgCO2 Equivalent

OrganicTreatment (AOrganic
fter 3Rs:Treatment
1kg/peron-d+30%Recycling)
30000
LFGRecovery(Aftter 3RLFGs Recovery
+OrganicTreatment) 21.6
25000 Semi-aerobicLandfill (A fter 3Rs + OrganicTreatment +LFGUtilzation)
Semi aerobic

20000 18

15000

10000

5000

0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Inventory Year
 Contribution of Emission Reduction:
BAU,PDP 2010 and Climate Plan Scenario

Baseline emission 1400 MtCO2

715
498
 Crown Standard

• Crown Standard indicates high quality of Thai

CDM Projects.
• Value added for Thai CERs.
• Criteria:
– Total Score > 50%
– Public participation (level of participation)
– Public contribution (from CER income)
• The project will be annually monitored by TGO’s
monitoring network.
 Information

• National Registry
• Monitoring System and Monitoring
Network
• GHG database
• Business Intelligence Tools
• New TGO website
• National Grid Emission Factor
• Mitigation Policy
 National Inventory and
Communication
AFOLU 4D
IPPU 2B Energy (Combustion, Fugitive GHG)
3C 1A3ai

Industrial Processes & Produce Use

IPPU Cement, Petrochemical,
Refrigerant)

Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land

Use
AFOLU (Farm, Rice cultivation, Land
use)

(Landfill, Incineration,
Waste Composting, Wastewater
treatment)
 Promotion
• Carbon Market Forum
• Carbon Footprint and labeling
• Cool Mode
• Set up of Thailand Caron Fund
• Energy Efficiency Standard and Labeling
• Tax incentive and other measures
• Pilot project on Low carbon city
• Pilot project on A/R CDM
 Capacity Building and Outreach

• Training for Thai DOE candidates

• Training for other stakeholders
• Climate Thailand Conference 2010
• Capacity Building of TGO and other
agencies by JICA
• Training material, media, news letter
Issues, Challenges and lessons
learned
• Knowledge and understanding on low
carbon strategies and initiatives
• Tool to analyze the impacts of measures
implemented
• Awareness, participation and
coordination of stakeholders
• Institutional framework and arrangement
• Financial support for implementing
activities
Contact Detail

Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization

(Public Organization)
9th floor, The Government Complex Building B
120 Moo 3 ChaengWattana Road,
Laksi, Bangkok 10210 THAILAND
Tel. +662 141 9804
Fax +662 143 8401
E-mail: info@tgo.or.th
chaiwat.m@tgo.or.th
URL: www.tgo.or.th