LIFE - SAVING APPARATUS - HAYAT KURTARMA EKİPMANLARI

Gemide insan hayatını kurtarmak için çeşitli donanımlar bulunur.

Bunlar Can Filikası, Can Yeleği, Can simidi, Hava ile şişen Can Salı..
Life Boats - Life Jackets - Life Buoys - Life Rafts - Inflatable Life Rafts..

Uluslararası kurallara göre gemide bulunması gereken malzemeler şunlardır;

Oar kürek lamp oil can lamba şişesi

Boat hook kanca Crutch kürek yuvası
Compass pusula Jacob’s ladder
Steering crutch uskur mili sea anchor hız azaltıcı demir
Plug tıpa oil vessel gemi yağı
Bailer su boşaltma küreği oil bag yağ çantası
Bucket kova food rations peksimet
Hatchet balta fresh water taze su
Lamp lamba dipper kepçe
Drinking vessel ölçü bardağı parachute signal işaret fişeği
First aid kit ilk yardım seti red hand flare meşale
Heaving line ağırlık hand flags flama
Manual pump pompa boat anchor çapa
Whistle düdük anchor rope halat
Fishing tackle olta ladder şeytan çarmıhı

Jack-knife fitted with tin opener konserve açacağı

Buoyant smoke signal duman şamandırası
Waterproof electric torch su geçirmez fener
Daylight signaling mirror işaret aynası
Portable radio apparatus taşınabilir telsiz
Matches in watertight container su geçirmez kapta kibrit

Ahşap Can filikası yapım teknikleri açısından üçe ayrılır:

1. carvel built
2. clinker built
3. diagonal built

Can yelekleri Solas 74 standartlarına göre 24 saatte en fazla % 5 su alma kapasitesine

göre pamuklu lif veya köpükten imal edilmek zorundadır…

The buoyancy of the life-jacket required the provide the foregoing

performance shall not be reduced by more than 5 % after 24 hours
submergence in fresh water.

Can Filikaları 3 çeşit malzemeden yapılır;

1. Ahşap wood
2. Metal metal
3. Fiberglas fiberglas
 Sorular :

1. What devices and equipment are on the board ships to save lives?
Life boats, life-jackets, life buoys, life rafts, inflatable life rafts.

2. What are the different types of lifeboat construction?

Wood (carvel-clinker-diagonal built), metal (welding), fiberglas.

3. When should you read the instruction on safety equipment?

When we board a vessel.

4. What are buoyancy tanks in a lifeboat? How is their size determined?

Buoyancy tanks increase the life boats buoyancy its size is determined by a
calculation which is made by positing the lifeboats full capacity is used.

5. What are davits and what are they for?

Davits are derricks to hoist or lower a lifeboat.

Life jackets may be made of cork, kapok or nowadays styropor. .

Every man on board a vessel should perform drills in order to know how to use safety
equipment in an occasion. .
There are grab lines outside the lifeboat. They serve as life lines for people in the
water who can take hold of them.
To prevent any movement of lifeboats while they are in the chocks they are fitted
with gripes.
Thwarts are places where rowers sit and are also elements like beams providing
additional strength.

SEA WORTHINESS - DENİZE ELVERİŞLİLİK

Denize elverişlilik için;

Uygun yükleme, uygun istif, uyumlu yükleme, havalandırma, takoz vs., yük önü ve
arkası sağlamlaştırılması, uygun yakıt ve su tüketimi….

Proper loading , proper stowage, correct relation in stowage of parcels of

mixed cargo, ventilation, dun aging, precautions against shifting of hold
cargo and deck cargo consumption of the bunker and water and the
distribution of these things throughout the vessel.

Government authorities, charterers, classification surveyors, cargo owners,

stevedores, syndicates, underwrite and even the crews are interested with a
vessel’s sea worthiness.

Denize elverişlilikten sorumlu olan Kaptan ve Armatör ile; yetkili otoriteler,

denetçiler, liman işçileri, sendikalar ve mürettebat’ta Denize Elverişlilik kurallarına
uygun olmalıdır.

The ship-owners and Master, Government authorities, charterers,

classification surveyors, cargo owners, stevedores, syndicates, underwriters,
crew….
 Class kuruluşları ; Classification Societies ;
1. American Bureau of Shipping ABS
2. Bureau Veritas BV
3. Germanisher Lloyd GL
4. Lloyds Register of Shipment LR
5. Norske Veritas NV

Gemilere class sınıflandırılması yapılması için;

Kuruluşlardan biri seçilerek Gemi inşa halindeyken veya denizde iken klas ve sertifika
alınabilir.
Bunun için; ambar, makine, donanım, haberleşme, güvenlik, emniyet ve diğer
ekipmanlar kurallara göre değerlendirilir….

Separate certificates for the hull, machinery, riggings, radio, safety and other
equipment are issued in accordance with the society’s own rules if the items
are found to be fit.

Sorular ;
1. What is meant by ‘seaworthiness’?
It is meant a vessels readiness in every respect in order to carry out her
functions properly. A ship must be built sufficiently well and satisfactionaly
bath in respect to materials and type of construction. A ship must be well
equipped, manned, supplied and outfitted for the trade or service they are to
be operated in.

2. What factors affect seaworthiness?

Proper loading, proper stowage, correct relation in stowage of parcels of
mixed cargo, ventilation, dun aging, precautions against shifting of hold
cargo and deck cargo, consumption of the bunker and water, the distribution
of these things throughout the vessel.

3. What are the names of the best-known classification societies?

American Bureau of Shipping ABS
Bureau Veritas BV
Germanisher Lloyd GL
Lloyds Register of Shipment LR
Norske Veritas NV

4. What are the classification societies?

They are neutral International Institutions and are accepted and considered
legal by almost all countries. They classify check and issue necessary
certificates by your wish.

5. What can happen to a ship’ classification after an accident? What must be done
about this?
If the classification surveyors find the accident serious enough he may cancel
the classification certificates or issue a temporary one called an Interim
Certificate. The Interim Certificates gives an opportunity of sailing to a deck
yard or a port to repair and it must be done so.
 The open seas, oceans and Arctic and Antarctic regions are the harshest sailing
areas of the world.
Vessels operating in Arctic areas must be built more strongly than ordinary vessels in
order to withstand ice and icing conditions.
Vessels must be equipped- supplied manned and outfitted for the trade or service
they are to be operated in.
Every person connected with the shipping business must give great attention to
seaworthiness.
If a vessel does not have sufficient fuel, water, provisions for the crew, or is nor
outfitted properly for the cargo to be transported or is not manned adequately we
cannot say that she is seaworthy for the intended voyage.

SEAFARERS and THE I.M.O. – ULUSLAR ARASI DENİZCİLİK ÖRGÜTÜ

1. What two things show the rapid progress in the growth of shipping in recent
years?
2. What is the reason for the ever-increasing tonnages of individual vessels?
3. What organization is responsible for maritime safety?
4. What are the IMO’s three main objectives?
5. What has the IMO given even more emphasis to in the last few years?

Just as an example in 1983 world merchant fleet consisting of 76106 vessels, reached
a total cargo carrying capacity of 422,6 million GRT.
The IMO has a special responsibility for the safety of life at sea.
The IMO must co-ordinate its activities with those of the United Nations agencies
dealing with labor insues, tele-communications, meteorology, aviation, atomic
energy, and health.
Other responsibilities of the organization include such matters as the prevention of
the organization of the sea by oil and also the standardization of regulations for
the tonnage measurements of ships.
The IMO as switched to a policy of implementation and enforcement by means of
internationally binding instruments– that is technical conventions.