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Transformador ideal: não muda os ângulos de defasagem de Vp e Vs, Ip e Is, somente as suas
magnitudes
Circuito Equivalente:
• Diferentes voltagens:
• Níveis de voltagem iguais:
Eficiência:
Regulação:
Um baixo valor de regulação indica que uma variação de carga no enrolamento secundário do
trafo não afetará significativamente a magnitude da voltagem suprida à carga.
Curto Circuito:
The interaction between the electric and mechanical terminals, i.e., the electromechanical
energy conversion, occurs through the medium of the magnetic stored
• Assumption that it is possible to separate the losses out of the physical problem:
Torque:
CO-ENERGIA
The selection of energy or coenergy as the state function is purely a matter of convenience;
they both give the same result, but one or the other may be simpler analytically, depending on
the desired result and the characteristics of the system being analyzed.
Força magnetica:
• Monoexcitação em sistemas rotativos
The algebraic signs in Eqs. 3.26 and 3.40 show that the force acts in a direction to decrease
the magnetic field stored energy at constant flux or to increase the coenergy at constant
current. In a singly-excited device, the force acts to increase the inductance by pulling on
members so as to reduce the reluctance of the magnetic path linking the winding
Lembrando que:
To understand the behavior of rotating machinery, a simple physical picture is quite useful.
Associated with the rotor structure is a magnetic field (produced in many machines by
currents in windings on the rotor), and similarly with the stator; one can picture them as a set
of north and south magnetic poles associated with each structure. Just as a compass needle
tries to align with the earth's magnetic field, these two sets of fields attempt to align, and
torque is associated with their displacement from alignment. Thus, in a motor, the stator
magnetic field rotates ahead of that of the rotor, pulling on it and performing work. The
opposite is true for a generator, in which the rotor does the work on the stator.
• Multiexcitação em sistemas lineares
Coenergia :
Força:
• Multiexcitação para sistemas rotativos :
Torque :
Na equação do torque:
• Termo proporcioal a i1 e i2 > devido à interação mútua das corrente, atua em uma direção
que alinhe o rotor e o estator para maximizar sua indutância mútua. Pode ser visto como a
tendência de dois campos magnéticos se alinharem
• Os outros termos são função da posição do rotor e o torque correspondente age de forma a
maximizar as indutâncias próprias e assim maximizar a coenergia. A variação de 2θ
corresponde à variação da indutância própria.