‘Sr Bes Bal 149-83 00) ited aie a iy Ot Lit oie ryom) DO 10102456 AN OVERVIEW OF BUILDING CODES AND STANDARDS IN CHILE AT THE TIME OF THE 27 FEBRUARY 2010 OFFSHORE MAULE, CHILE EARTHQUAKE “Unies of enten Calfrni, Las Angee, Calf USA and User of Chie Son, Ce "AUC tc ont Conmigo Angle Calf USA “i A or & Snes gt Car ‘The 27 Fray 2010 fhe Mee Chil ask ea siuicont eve In which mode al bi ‘tere nba oso rend mesons ving ong ron of trang shin. Ai here wero ‘sso bigs Cite tre were some bugs with src dag. Anderton he ing lesan sass in Fce Chiat hein ofthe athe Ly nudes th baie {alos seen ad ate events tte coma Copyright © 2010 J Wiley & Sons, Li. 1. INTRODUCTION, Chile isan advanced and progressive ation, Ihas high literacy rte nd education i value. Chilean ‘ngincets havea high depres ofedocaton and many of the foremost educators are grates of pres Tilous engineering programs inthe USA and Europe. Therefore, Chilean engineers generally havea ‘ery good understanding of billing materials and suet behavioar, ‘Unlike Hai, Chile has billing codes and standards that are widely flowed and enforced by ‘ational av. These building codes have been based on itrttinal sands an Teal expecense fd inl selmi provisions. 2. CHILBAN CODES AND STANDARDS ‘Baling codes in Chile a issued by the Instituto Nacional de Nonnlizacén (National Institeof| "Normalzaton; INN) Th INN isthe organization in Chile in charge of staying and preparing mational technical standards, The INN represents Chile asa member of the Intemational Organization for Standardization and the Comision Panamericana do Norms Tenicas. or sucuraldesig, th Chilean codes can be groupe into thee main areas (Cr, 2005): + Definitions of Loads and Actions + Matril behavior and strength, and dling requiem, * Solhmictoading “Table I provides ist of codes and standards eurenty adopted in Chil. “The proves by which the INN creates building codes f shown in Figure ‘Sones Man Leu MACTEC Easing an Cig, 58 ES, La Anges, Caan ‘ots Takats Copyright © 2010 John Wily & Sons Lida4 FP ROIAS, LEW AND FNAEIM ‘ae 1. Chie cds ane saad (Ca, 200) ie Taber Tene Dae 2s NT Sw Lang oy News? Wind Londing ior Neust7— Benitne tas [oh Moen NEMA?” sign of Sie on ‘snd sgn NCIAD Desi of Rlteced Conte (ACI 318) 2008 NNChII98 Design of Wood dos ctquale —-NCM3 Barak Resta Ds of Bulge Das [NCi2349 Hanke Rest Desig idan Stes nd Fates 2008 NCHZNS —_ Eamhake Reset Desig o Bare led Dulin 5 J { f f TN 4 E--E-Ea- Ee Fue |. Cale sein procs in Cie 3, BASIS OF THE CHILEAN NCH§33 SEISMIC PROVISIONS, “Tne cxmic cade provisions ar contin inthe Official Chilean Code NCh433,0F96 on Harthguske| Resistant Design of Buildings (INN, 1996). This code was approved bythe INN and superseded the 1983 edon. The now code was developed and weten by the working groups ofthe Asociacién Chileon de Sismologae Ingenieria Anisemicn, This coe was declared ficial by th Ministerio de ‘Vivieotay Urbans and mae effective by Presidential Deree no. 172 0n 5 December 1986. Thies Abie overview ofthe general ese design provisions of Chile Seaton of NCh43} states the basi pricples and objective of the buliing cote provisions Section 5.1.1 sates. this code apled together wih the specie design code or ech ofthe mater ls named in paragraph $3, aims to prodacesrectres at: @) Resist moderate nest seismic actions without damages (@) Limit damage to nonstrctral clement during earthquakes of regular ites (©) Preven collapse daring earthquakes of excepinlly severe intensity, even though they show seme dag” pe © 20m ey Sn a sp a D118 85 1[BUILDING CODES AND STANDARDS IN CHILE ass [NCMS also states that the compliance withthe provisions ofthis code dos nt guaantes, in very ease, tha th aerementioned objectives wl be achieved. tis ls important to note tat he following statements ls incoded in this scetion: i parca, the provisions for reinforced eon- «sete wall buildings are based on thei satsatory behavior during the ertquake of March, 1985. ‘The desig of thse buildings was performed in accordance with te NCM3S.0172 code “Tis, the base of he islet sexnie rovsions ae very sini othe design piloophy thai {oud inthe Recommended Lateral Force Regimens and Comnenary af the Sretural Egincers ‘Assocation of California (2009), which is alo known a the ‘SEAOC Bu Book’ 4, SEISMIC ZONATION OF CHILE, Chie has tre seismic zones s shown in Figure 2. The highest seismic zone, Zoe 3, i genealy slong the cons region ofthe country. Zone 2 is generally more inland and Zone 1s farther inland. “The caplet of Saiago is within Zane 2 “The seamic zonation i wed to determine the effective acceleration valve Ay which i wed in ‘etxmining the design seismic coeticint and desig spectrum as defined in NCb439. The values of the eetive acceleration valve are given in Table 2 Noto thatthe highest zone (Zane 3) comesponding tothe coast aes ofthe county that ae clasest to the shallowet portions ofthe South American sbdution zone, As the aubiuction zone deepens ‘Fig 2, Sse zonation maps of Chie (NCHS3.0¢96) i 0210 Wi 8S, Ss: i: a. 8856 FE ROIAS, M LEW AND FNAEINE ‘le 2. ete sedoaton ae, A (NCMES.0F96) te 2 op 3 iH ‘ole 3 ype of oudaon sit NOMESOF I) Soe ey Rok Dene std and grave or af chive ile Mom de snd td pve or mdm sl caesve sls Sates wale tothe east the seismic zonation decreases o Zoe 2 in the cent ‘and then Zane I (gonerally along the bore wih Arent). tion ofthe country (west eas) 5. SITE SOM. CONDITIONS ‘The Chilean code accounts for site soll amplifeaion effets. NCMS3 defines four se soll profile ‘types. Table 3 presents an abbreviated description ofthe four foundation sol types PotemtallyTiquefible sole sarurated sands, sity sands and silts) and sols prone to densification uring vibration require special study according to NCH43S These sol profile iypes are used to dine pstamctrs in the cod dat determine the design bate shear. Th characterization of the sll ype ‘sed onthe propetes of sil inthe upper 10m blow the foundation level, (6. “IMPORTANCE FACTOR Although the word ‘importance’ is not used inthe code, here are “importance factors assigned to four ‘willing categories defined in the code the base shear and design spectrum values are dire pro- poronal to thew factors, The “inpotanoe factors ae given in Table 4, 7. RESPONSE MODIFICATION FACTORS ‘The NC}A33 code defines values othe esponse modication fcr, R (oF). This factors intended to eft the energy absorption and dissipation characterises ofthe resising structure as well ashe practical experience onthe siamicbehaviour ofthe diferent ypesof strates nd materials wed. THe Fesponie mifeation ators are shown Table 5 Inbilding hat lize deren systems srt ‘ate long the eight, the seismic analysis i catied outwith the lowest Ry (rR) vale. The ‘values are se fr equitalent state naysisan the R values re se fr spectral modal analysis. “The R, vals aroused to clelate the R°, which is dependent onthe period of theft mode of ‘bation ofthe sructres, a i shown the equation bow and Figure 3, cov a0 ey So ak a ryt ue te 58Bang wr x [BUILDING CODES AND STANDARDS IN CHILE ‘ile 4, “porn” for (NCHEH.OF 96) Deon ‘veranetal,mnlpa pi see o pues wpe inom, poe pans an pone exces pos ces ad Isegrpi, tc ton, ilevasoy cate wares ad ump sats), ae wwe we of spl importance a There o easton (uch hospi, sti wis eS, “nd thse which eget ee a ge mb of pope + Assi room (100 pss or mae) + Sto an bleacher (200 peas mare 1 Sslotn name schoals en net ung: 1 Pesos and dann pe {Commer stores noo ae rare han £2 els Shoppe mas Gol en rene hn 3000) exci of prog uligs intended rite pb ke that om lag aegny ‘Nor and conan of ay ip, who flor may opie ober connison sed ae Aor srt nt ted for Hiving a aot be 87 06 Snowden Space mamenteaiaing Sasol Se ‘mee Shearwateantaced ——Stnta Ste ‘Die 5, Response mediation ators (NCOSL.OF6) Tia tad z Rehr Concrete Retford Concte FRenfored Concrete md Coie! Mascmry TTefrcelconce wal ae ate 0% ofthe rey 6 Shear nay tre fred conte wala an SO the tory Shear ina ery Contd Many : Retford Money ‘Oconee locks or eis ofa some wih fall ‘gouig d dance natn Cfety ks wih paw fil owned conerte 3 ks itil met WE ave Any peo sacra srl hot be assed in nef the sve cages 2 “pera ml z ‘ei 0200 he So Sr Be a; 8 8,858, FE ROIAS, MLW AND FNAME wor? O.tar eo % ‘where 7° is the period of mode wih the highest ansltiona equivalent mass inthe diretion of ‘analyst Ti the parameter relative to the sel foundation type and, ithe vale forthe tere, in ocordance with Table $ 8, SEISMIC DESIGN |NCh#33 gives the Following guidance for the combination of seismic losdings with dead and live Toads accoding tothe following + Forallowabe sess desion © Pematent Leads + Live Load + Earthquake © Permanent Loads Earthquake + For design with the mood of load and resistance cers (LRED) ("1 (Permanent Lows + Live Loa # Earthquake) © 00 (Permanent Lens) #14 Darthquake Wi lon ar tobe dealt within acordance with NCB. aly two mediods of analyse ae allowed by the cade: 4) he stale method and (the spect ‘modal meted, Inether cas, he sueural model shuld have a minimum of tee degrees of feedom lo, wo hrizontl displacements an the floor rotation with respect to vertical exis, There ae provision forthe analysis of accidental torsion. However, there ae no provisions or reson fo Foguaries or lepulrbuldings pion. 200 18 Ney Sn ak Sn, rate es[UILDING CODES AND STANDARDS IY CHILE 899 I. Stoic analyis ‘State analysis is only tobe used for scores that sity the following requirements: (@) Allstars of eaogoriesC and D locate in sii zane 1 (0) Allsuetures that do not exceed mare than 5 storeys nor 20 meters i ela: (©) 6-tI5-strey stuctres, provided tha they comply with the following conditions fr ech diee- tion of analyst the toa boiling bight Hand the modal periods with th Mghest ‘alo or eer than 40m per second _— " (the dition of he horizontal sede res ofthe state meth mst be suc hat seas nd overaming momen tech eve, shall ot lier more han 10% with spel othose ‘btined through a rpectl modal ealyis withthe same base seas, For the 6 1Storey stuctures, the base shear obained from the aplication of horizontal stale seismic forces mst beat est eu othe value ae detrmined fom the equation for base shes in Seaton 623 ofthe NCh23 code For all praca purposes in Chile the sta metho is generally applicable only fosters 5 storeys ores in hight “The base shear is determined by te following equation: a-cr where Cisthe seismic coefcin defined below; isthe “importance factor; ad Ps the total weight ‘ofthe building above tbe bse lve “The slam cotent,C, is osained frm the expression co BB rAy whee, ave he paramere relative tothe foundation soil type ithe efactve aceeation value (ce Tae 2); Rs the response moan fctoe (fied in Tale 5); T* isthe period of mode with theighest ransational equivalent mass in the distin feast aeseaton of eavily| Inno ese should the vale of Che les than 46. Tere are also maximum values of the seismic ecient, C, depending onthe values of Ras give in Table 6 Tn general the value ofthe seismic ‘oecen, ; wl increase as he si type ranges rom Type I (rock 0Type IV (of si. ‘ile 6 Maximum ves ofthe seni cotcen(NCBAIL.OF56) z ry 2 090 3 bao Ss a0 é 35 5 03s Ch © 20 Wey & Sm St De i ee 830 FE ROJAS, LEW AND F NAEIM, hen 7. gue 4 Dig fhe race (Osea nd Sas, 2008) “The horizontal siamic forces on sructres no more than five sory (silted in Figure 4) may be cleulted by the folowing expresion: AD. zah - oo Gear) 82 Special modal analysis ‘Thisisa standard sespnsespectum meted, with at least three degres of redom perfor andthe maximum response of he sacri caleusted though a combination of modes using the complete ‘quadeati combination (COC) method of modal combination. Abou 5H of xen damping is poner ally assumed “The response spectra used is caleulted with he following equation K O tat Spe 4 pT ae the paancter sive to the foundation sol types Ay isthe lective acceleration vl (se¢ Tae 2), Ris te response modienion factor; and Ts the vibe in period of mode m op. 200 tn We & Soma Se Day:[UILDING CODES AND STANDARDS IN CHILE 61 Figure 5, NOMA3 Cae Sect Figure shows the elastic spectra fr ses in seismic zoe IL forthe four sl ype (though TY) (4 RY/A) hve spect would be typical fr tl building coosrcton of either sel or enforced ‘concrete in Semig, "The base shear must ot be less than 1A,P16 g and not ned to be taken larger than ICP, whee om ken from Table 6. 83 Deformation convo! “The mautnu oative displacement between adjacent for lves sine 0.02 times he storey height tthe centre of masses and 0.03 times the trey height wt the extreme points. Theres also ‘minimum separation between buildings. The distance of «building to he dividing pane at any lve ‘all ot be fess han RF tes the dipcement a hat level and neither G02 tines the height of ‘he level wih minim of 1-5 em (0 in) acoring to NCS. 84 Hart pressure on nndergruned lle [NOM has provisions forte evaluation of si thats considering sols witha horizontal sua, ‘acting on veteal perimeter walls breed by lor slabs. The sate component of the soi thst mus, ‘be evaluated for a gosta ate of ses (eaters ear pressre). The seismic component ofthe sil tit be oveleted bythe fllowng expression: om Cay H Ade where: the sesne pressure evenly disrbutd along height H ofthe wal: isthe wall ght in contact with the sl; 7 the ttl (wed) nit weight ofthe soi rfl placed aginst the wal Ay the maxinum effective soil acecleration scoring to the seismic zoning; Cy isthe coefficient equal 10-048 for hard, dense or compacied sol; equal 0 0:70 for lose or sf sil and equal 0 08 fer 020 We & et Sina ego: 802 ROIAS, Mt LEW AND F NABI “De 7. Simic ah peers sed ot NCB. OF 95 ‘seni ere lo Boon) a pole por Tot ‘Seismic one __Fn so) Loose as )____Lows il in ep exertion iw 216 Be me u 6 332 a9 r 08 tes 9 Joos fils deposited beeen he wal andthe lope of an excavation cared out in dense or compacted ‘lls and gs the accloration of gai “Tible 7 provides a tabulation ofthe seismic earth pressures that would be required bythe Chilean [NCIS code forthe ifferent see nex ands bck contons assuming a wet anit weight ‘F120 Ibs por cube fot (1900 ber cable mee) forthe sol and the height ofthe wal i given ‘nls of fet “Thus in Chiles largest city of Saningo, builing Basement walls with frm soil backfl would need tobe designed fora uniform selmi earth presse equal 16162. 8S Bass for NCHS design of tel and reinforced concrete sirctres ‘Annex B of NCA provides “tuanstry references forthe desig provisions in Cie with regard © ‘tel and conrete constuction. Section B.1 stipulates that the provisions for tee by the American Institute of Stel Consiueton (198, 192, 1983) be used, Section 1.2 stipulates tha for renfrced concrete, the provisions of Building Cade Requirements for Reinforced Conerete, ACT 318.95 (ACL {Commitee 315,195) be wed "However NCH433 Section B22 states an exception to the ACT 31895 requirmsns whee it sates that when designing reinforeed corte walls it snot necessary to meet he provision of pa ‘raph 2.66.1 though 21.66. of the ACI 31895 cod. This excepion pont th designers 1 not ‘tify ACT's equrements or boundary elem instruct! was, ACL 3-95 required that bound ay clement be provided at boundries and edges around openings of scural walls when the ‘maximum extreme fre stress, eoresponding facto oes including erhtake effect, exceeds (02 ules th ene walls related to ait the eovsons in Seton 214.4, ACT 318-98 aso ‘equled tht boundary elements, where req, should have tnnsverse reinforcement a specified {in Section 21,4, The boundary cements are to Be proportioned ores all atore gravity lous on tho wal, ncodng tibutry loads and sel-eigh, as well a the vert! fore required to resist fvertuning moment calculated from faired forces tlated to earthquake effec. Alo, transverse reinforcement in walls with bourdary elmets is 1 be anchored within the cntined core of the boundary elemento develop the spect yield sent ofthe tnnsvere reinforcement "The bi otis exception to ACT 318-95 was the observations a there was “aiaactory behav {or of elnored concrete buildings nthe magnitude (M,) 78 3 March 1DRS cartgeake tha occured shore of San Antonio (USGS, 2010). The Earthquake Engineering Research Institue ergnized a ‘evonminnenee tent goto Chile for this event and a repet wus pablihed in Eartquae Spots (Wyle ea, 1985.1 vesting to note tat on of th sctral lessons leamed” in the Wyle eal ego s “Reinforced concrete shear walls with significantly sessed chords require conned boundary rmener for desirable performance in stong grout shaking Tis son was sated by the Soundary member files a the Acapulco and Canal Beale, and good performance of other Vina det Mar buildings cei 0200 ey & om a ei a es 8