Freepbx

Administration Guide Page 1 of 42
Administration Guide
This is a book-style Wiki (or a Wiki-style book) that will become complete Administrators Guide to
FreePBX.
To help, add a child page to this page, writing a section for each of the major items in the rough outline.
Pick whatever you like. If it's not one of the categories below, or belong to them, think carefully if it
belongs here at all. It may be more useful someplace else.
Rough outline:
Installation
1. Information gathering
2. Putting the system together
3. Starting from a blank slate
4. Creating and assigning extensions.
5. Setting up voicemail
6. Creating an IVR.
7. Creating Queues.
8. Setting up backup and restore
9. User control: How to let the user at a little bit...
10. User Portals and the ARI
11. Training New Users on how the system is configured
12. Transitioning to the new system
13. Running a help desk using voice, tickets, and email
14. Connecting POTS lines
15. Connecting PRI trunks
16. How to connect VOIP trunks
1. How to test a new IP line for VOIP quality
2. Two-way trunks
3. One-way trunks
17. Outbound routing
18. Inbound routing
Administration
1. Moves, adds, changes, and deletes: How to administer extensions with a minimum of pain.
2. Creating, changing and deleting IVRs.
3. Creating, changing and deleting Queues.
4. Backup and restore: From cron to Oh, No!
5. User control: How to let the user at a little bit...
6. Training New Users on how the system is configured
7. New Equipment: How to add with a minimum of disruption
8. Upgrades: How and when to do it.
9. Running a help desk using voice, tickets, and email
10. How to move a PRI
11. How to move a VOIP trunk.
12. How to test a new IP line for VOIP quality
http://www.freepbx.org/book/export/html/1854 4/20/2011
13. How to mix VOIP and data on the same LAN

14. How to mix VOIP and data on the same backhaul
Adding Extensions
Adding Extensions
A PBX without any extensions isn't very useful, so it's the first thing to do after installing FreePBX.
Extensions let you test all kinds of things, so it's the first thing to get right.
Shown at right are a few test extensions on a FreePBX installation on my t42 Ubuntu laptop.
There are several pages of information here. We'll go through each of them.
Display Name: This is the name that is used, at least internally, when placing an outbound call. Most
Caller Name services look up the name in a database, so this name setting might do nothing on your
outbound VOIP or PRI calls. It will certainly do nothing on outbound POTS calls.
CID Num Alias: The CallerID to show when dialing intracompany. Example Usage: James has a office
extension at 201, a softphone at 401, a home office phone at 601, and a FollowMe at 201 that rings
them all. 401 and 601 can use a CID Num Alias of 201, so that all internal call recipients see “201”
SIP Alias: Every 'clever' presentation of VOIP has an example of dialing by email address. This is hard
to do on most phones, but is nonetheless supported. Put only the name here, not the @ symbol or the
fully-qualified-domain name. That's used by the calling application or device to locate your PBX on the
Internet. To allow any party to call you, you'll need to have firewall rules that allow all SIP calls
regardless of IP address. This is only advisable if your Asterisk installation is up-to-date, and has no
current SIP security vulnerability.
Direct DID: This is where you enter the Direct Inward Dial (DID) you'd like to reach this extension. If
you forget, all calls to that DID will end up at the main IVR. Putting a value here eliminates the need to
create an Inbound Route.
DID Alert Info: Used for distinctive ring services
Music on Hold: Set a different Music On Hold (MOH) class for this extension. Great for having
different music for different offices or companies that are served by the same PBX.
Outbound CID: Put the CallerID and preferred CallerIDName here for outbound usage.
Ring Time: How long to ring before a server-side transfer to voicemail. You'll usually use the default
here, and set a system-wide value in General Settings.
Call Waiting: Set the call waiting value. Also accessible by feature code from an individual extension
(by default *70 to activate and *71 to deactivate – see Feature Codes).
Emergency CID: The CallerID to be set when dialing a number labeled as emergency.
Device Options
Extensions - Device Options
These options are the same as in

a vanilla asterisk sip.conf file. In
a FreePBX installation, they end
up in sip_additional.conf. For
more information, check out
Asterisk: TFOT.
secret: The SIP password used in

the authentication of this device
to the server.
dtmfmode: How DTMF is

expected by the server. Options
are rfc2833, INFO, and in-band.
rfc2833 seems the most reliable
across many devices. Client
devices (e.g. Linksys) often have
an Auto setting, which is to be
avoided.
canreinvite: Asterisk is a back-to-back useragent. This means that your phone calls it, and it calls your
VOIP, PRI or POTs line. All audio (RTP stream) is carried through the Asterisk process during the call.
Your VOIP service provider, for example, often will use a SIP REINVITE message to change the RTP
destinations after the call is set up. This reduces load on the equipment, as it's only doing call setup and
takedown.
Highly desirable if you're supporting remote users making VOIP calls and your VOIP provider supports
REINVITE.
However, it's tricky to get any of your FreePBX features to work in this scenario. Play with this, but
don't use it on a customer system unless you have tested the features you need.
context: Context is an Asterisk dialplan sphere-of-influence concept used to separate components from
each other (multi-tenant, for example, or outward facing customer service from backoffice).
From-internal means you can dial like you're a phone on premises with access to other extensions and
outbound trunks. Other common options are outbound-all-routes (dial out only), from-trunk (extensions
only, no outbound dialing)
host: dynamic or a static IP address. dynamic allows any device that can pass the SIP
challenge/authentication to register and make/receive calls.
type: friend or peer. Use friend for a phone. Peer is for SIP devices that are capable of carrying calls,
like a Trunk.
nat: yes or never. SIP is a nat-unfriendly protocol in that it specifies the return IP address for the call
audio stream deep inside a packet. NAT works by rewriting packet source and destination IP addresses,
but doesn't understand SIP (unless a good SIP Application Layer Gateway is installed). NAT is
therefore problem if both the phone and the server PBX are separated from the public Internet by
different NATs (e.g. a home router and and corporate one.) In such a situation, audio won't work, but
signaling will (phones will ring but no audio). To support remote home users behind conventional
NATs, use yes, and either give the server PBX a public IP address or do a 1:1 IP mapping from a public
IP to it's internal, then set IP_nat.conf to the public IP address of the system. NAT=yes instructs
Asterisk to send audio to the IP it receives it from, regardless of what the SIP SDP says, and lets you
have at least one NAT present and still have effective audio. Note that NATs vary widely as to how
long they stay 'open'. Best practice when using Non-STUN phones is to have SIP registration expire
every 60 seconds – the re-registration (outbound, by the phone) will keep the NAT open to receive
calls. NAT=yes doesn't hurt anything when the client device is on the same LAN.
callgroup:
pickupgroup:
disallow: enter codec overrides here. An extension or group of extensions on a low-bandwidth link
might want to disallow the higher-bandwidth codecs out of the general pool.
allow: enter any codec overrides here
dial: SIP/extension is the default.
accountcode: enter an account code for use by a billing module.
mailbox: extension@default is the default.
Asterisk CLI Commands

General commands
!<command>: Executes a given shell command
abort halt: Cancel a running halt
add extension: Add new extension into context
add ignorepat: Add new ignore pattern
add indication: Add the given indication to the country
amportal start: Stop AAH and
amportal stop: Restart AAH.
debug channel: Enable debugging on a channel
dont include: Remove a specified include from context
help: Display help list, or specific help on a command
include context: Include context in other context
load: Load a dynamic module by name
logger reload: Reopen log files. Use after rotating the log files.
no debug channel: Disable debugging on a channel
pri debug span: Enables PRI debugging on a span
pri intense debug span: Enables REALLY INTENSE PRI debugging
pri no debug span: Disables PRI debugging on a span
remove extension: Remove a specified extension
remove ignorepat: Remove ignore pattern from context
remove indication: Remove the given indication from the country
save dialplan: Overwrites your current
extensions.conf file with an exported version based on the current

state of the dialplan. A backup copy of your old extensions.conf is not
saved. The initial values of global variables defined in the [globals]
category retain their previous initial values; the current values of
global variables are not written into the new extensions.conf. Using
"save dialplan" will result in losing any comments in your current
extensions.conf.
set verbose: Set level of verboseness
show agents: Show status of agents
show applications: Shows registered applications
show application: Describe a specific application
show channel: Display information on a specific channel
show channels: Display information on channels
show codecs: Display information on codecs
show conferences: Show status of conferences
show dialplan: Show dialplan
show image formats: Displays image formats
show indications: - Show a list of all country/indications
show locals: Show status of local channels
show manager command: Show manager commands
show manager connect: Show connected manager users
show parkedcalls: Lists parked calls
show queues: Show status of queues
show switches: Show alternative switches
show translation: Display translation matrix
show voicemail users: List defined voicemail boxes
show voicemail zones: List zone message formats
soft hangup: Request a hangup on a given channel
A.2.2 AGI Commands
show agi: Show AGI commands or specific help
dump agihtml: Dumps a list of agi command in html format
A.2.3 Database Handling

database del: Removes database key/value
database deltree: Removes database keytree/values
database get: Gets database value
database put: Adds/updates database value
database show: Shows database contents
A.2.4 IAX Channel Commands

iax2 debug: Enable IAX debugging
iax2 no debug: Disable IAX debugging
iax2 set jitter: Sets IAX jitter buffer
iax2 show cache: Display IAX cached dialplan
iax2 show channels: Show active IAX channels
iax2 show peers: Show defined IAX peers
iax2 show registry: Show IAX registration status
iax2 show stats: Display IAX statistics
iax2 show users: Show defined IAX users
iax2 trunk debug: Request IAX trunk debug
iax debug: Enable IAX debugging
iax no debug: Disable IAX debugging
iax set jitter: Sets IAX jitter buffer
iax show cache: Display IAX cached dialplan
iax show channels: Show active IAX channels
iax show peers: Show defined IAX peers
iax show registry: Show IAX registration status
iax show stats: Display IAX statistics
iax show users: Show defined IAX users
init keys: Initialize RSA key passcodes
show keys: Displays RSA key information
A.2.5 SIP Channel commands

sip debug: Enable SIP debugging
sip no debug: Disable SIP debugging
sip reload: Reload sip.conf (added after 0.7.1 on 2004-01-23)
sip show channels: Show active SIP channels
sip show channel: Show detailed SIP channel info
sip show inuse: List all inuse/limit
sip show peers: Show defined SIP peers (register clients)
sip show registry: Show SIP registration status (when Asterisk registers as a client to a SIP Proxy)
sip show users: Show defined SIP users
A.2.6 Server management

restart gracefully: Restart Asterisk gracefully
restart now: Restart Asterisk immediately
restart when convenient: Restart Asterisk at empty call volume
reload: Reload configuration
stop gracefully: Gracefully shut down Asterisk
stop now: Shut down Asterisk immediately
stop when convenient: Shut down Asterisk at empty call volume
extensions reload?: Reload extensions ONLY
unload: Unload a dynamic module by name
show modules: List modules and info about them
show uptime: Show uptime information
show version: Display Asterisk version info
Connecting 2 or more boxes

There may be a time when you want to interconnect 2 Asterisks boxes
(def.com.au and xyz.com.au) together and if you are like me, you will
probably be spending a good part of 3 hours trying to get them to talk
to one another.
I have 2 different locations, the Main Office (def.com.au) with

about 11 extensions and another office in a different location
(xyz.com.au) about 20 km away with 9 extensions. The main office is the
only box that will have accounts with different VSPs and all external
communications are through the main office Asterisk box. I settled for
the simplest solution and after some fiddling around I managed to get
them to work the way I wanted it but not happy with it, I solicited
some advise from a friend (thanks to Mark Brooker) who told me that my
configuration could be made a lot tidier. That I did.
Instead of being verbose in my explanation, I will just create a

few tables outlining what I did. I hope this will help those in the
same position as I am, to set 2 very basic systems together (you can
refer to DUNDi for a more complete solution).
27.1 METHOD 1 - with the peer Asterisk boxes as extensions

For the purpose of registering the peers to each other, I created
1 extension on each box eg: 90000 on System 1 and 91000 on System 2–
using extension numbers that I am not likely to use as local extensions
(while some users have had success using common extension, but I prefer
2 separate extensions as I have them working). For simplicity, I gave a
common password xxxyyy to both boxes. Avoid using extension starting
with 8 as it may clash with conferencing.
System 1
System 2
IAX Trunk
Outgoing Dial Rules:

XX.
XX.
Trunk Name
Parramatta
MainOffice
Peer Details
host=xyz.com.au (or IP)
secret=xxxyyy
type=peer
username=91000
host=def.com.au (or IP)
secret=xxxyyy
type=peer
username=90000
User Context
Leave blank
Leave blank
User Details
Leave blank
Leave blank
Register String
80000:xxxyyy@xyz.com.au
90000:xxxyyy@def.com.au
Note: Registration isn’t really necessary. It will still work without it unless you use Dynamic IP.
System 1
System 2
Extensions
Phone Protocol
IAX
IAX
Extension Number
90000
91000
Extension Password
xxxyyy
xxxyyy
Fullname
Parramatta
Main Office
Voicemail & Directory

Disabled
Disabled
System 1
System 2
Outbound Routing
Route Name
Parramatta
MainOffice
Route Password
Leave Blank
Leave Blank
Dial Patterns
6XXX(6001 to 6009 are Parramatta Office extensions)
XX.(Apart from Local extensions, all others go via City Office)
Trunk Sequence
IAX2/Parramatta
IAX2/MainOffice
The above Outbound Routing rule assumes that you do not wish to use
a dialling prefix. If you want to use a prefix to dial the remote
extensions and to use the remote routing rules, you may place a prefix
e.g. 9|6XXX and 9|XX. for system 1 and system 2 respectively instead of just 6XXX and XX.
The above example assumes that both Asterisk boxes have Public Fix
IP address. If you have Dynamic IP addresses, you will need to register
both the boxes with DynDns to obtain a valid DNS ID. If you are a part
of a Corporate LAN, than you will have no need to worry about DynDns
and what not.
Note: While this method will provide some

rudimentary security (though pretty weak), as it requires an extension
to be created for the peer Asterisk box, it will not pass the calling
party extension number to the remote Asterisk box. Instead, it will
pass the Trunk ID only and all calls will seem to come from the same
trunk and not individual extension – I did say that this is a simple
solution.
27.2 METHOD 2 - In a Peer/User arrangement

Another method that I use is described below. This method treats
both the Asterisk box as internal to each other as peer and user. I am
using IAX2 for this purpose, however I believe, you may be able to do
this with SIP as well if you are trying to connect the older Asterisk
with the newer incarnations (I have not proved it yet). This method
does not require registration either and does not require you to create
extensions for the peers. In many ways, this is simpler to set up.
Unlike the first method, this second method will pass the Caller ID
to the receiving party. The receiving party will actually get the
callers’ extension number/ID instead of the extension number of the
peer Asterisk box.
Note: You must provide for security, as this is pretty wide open.
Like all installation, you must provide for security. As different

installation resorts to different types of security arrangement, I will
leave that to the individual implementer to deal with the security
issues.
(Note: A little tutorial on DUNDi can be found here).
Rather than being verbose, I will illustrate this method using tables as follows;
System 1
System 2
IAX2 Trunk
Outgoing Dial Rules:

6XXX
XX.
Trunk Name
InterOffice
InterOffice
Peer Details
Qualify=yes
type=peer
Qualify=yes
type=peer
User Context
InterOffice-In
InterOffice-In
User Details
context=from-internal
type=user
context=from-internal
type=user
System 1
System 2
Outbound Routing
Route Name
InterOffice
InterOffice
Route Password
Leave Blank
Leave Blank
Dial Patterns
6XXX(6001 to 6009 are Parramatta Office extensions)
XX.(Apart from Local extensions, all others go via City Office)
Trunk Sequence
IAX2/InterOffice
IAX2/InterOffice
Thinking of more than 2 boxes?
Just as a matter of interest, you can connect several boxes using

this method. While I have connected 3 boxes successfully,I believe, se
same principle can be applied to more boxes.
In my implementation I have box A, B and C (System 1, 2 and 3). Box

A is the master box. All the other boxes use box A as the main
exchange.
A peers with B and C - B peers with A - And C peers with A.
Except for local traffic, all external and inter-office

(inter-branch) traffic goes via Box A. – with the appropriate dial plan
of course.
Both the above methods, while useable for a basic configuration,

will not provide you with a complete solution. To provide a complete
solution is beyond the scope of this document.
The following link will provide further reference for connecting two Asterisk boxes together
http://www.voip-info.org/wiki/view/Asterisk+dual+servers
If you require a complete solution tailored to your exact requirement, my advise to you is to hire a
VOIP consultant.
Creating Administrator Roles

Creating Administrator Roles
For most web applications it is useful to have graduated

permission access, so that users have only access to the functions
they need.
This lets you give office managers, for example, access to the
Extensions directory to change usernames and reset voicemail
passwords as employees come and go, without exposing trunks and other
settings they do not need.
Show below is just such a configuration. In this case, Mie is

allowed to see status, edit extensions (this part is not shown) and
apply changes.
In addition to the webapp username / password settings, both

Apache and iptables can be used to restrict access on a location
basis to the web application.
A good policy is to only allow local (LAN) or tunneled via SSH

access to the web application, though exceptions can be be made for
the Recordings (ARI) interface.
Creating an IVR
Digital Receptionist or IVR
Information
The 'Digital Receptionist' page is the interface used to setup your auto attendant when people call your
PBX. Normally heard as "Thanks you for calling MYBUSINESS, for Sales press 1, for Service press
2", etc.
Planning
While the urge is strong just to dive in by clicking on IVR, you should resist this impulse.
First, draw out on paper what you intend to to achieve. Run it by the customer (or your officemates).
Write out word-for-word what all the recordings are going to be.
The proper flow to build a good IVR is:
1. Planning
2. Customer agreement with the plan.
3. Record the audio prompts using System Recordings and an extension.
4. Create any destinations that don't currently exist (queues, ring groups, day/night modes or time
conditions).
5. Test all of these. One way to do this is use miscellaneous destinations, assigning a * feature code
to whatever thing you want to test.
6. Then go create your IVR.
7. Show it to the customer, and then make the inevitable changes.
8. Now upgrade the voice prompts to a paid voice or designated employee (the office manager or
receptionist, etc.)
9. Bask in glory!
Standard IVR Examples:
1. Office / Light industrial

1. Welcome to BUSINESSNAME. Please listen carefully as our options have changed. If you
know the extension of the person you are trying to reach, you may dial it at any time. Press
1 for sales, press 2 for customer service, press 3 for administration, press 4 for Press
inquiries, press 5 for office directions,press # to access the company directory, or press 0
for the operator.
2. Hospitality
1. Welcome to HOTELNAME. Please listen carefully as our options have changed. If you
know the room # of the guest you are trying to reach, you may dial it at any time. Press 1
for reservations, press 2 for the front desk, press 3 for event sales, press 4 for hotel
administration, press 5 for hotel directions, press # to access the hotel directory, or press 0
for the operator.
3. Engineering/Product Company with Direct Sales and Support
1 for sales, press 2 for customer service, press 3 for technical support, press 4 for
administration, press 5 for Press inquiries, press 6 for office directions, press # to access the
company directory, or press 0 for the operator.
4. Retail
1 for sales, press 2 for customer service, press 3 for store hours, locations, and directions,
press 4 for administration, press 5 for Press inquiries, press # to access the company
directory, or press 0 for the operator.
Making recordings
Fire up the System Recordings module. Shown here is 3.3.5.1.
I strongly suggest you use an extension connected to the PBX to make your recordings. They'll be quick
and in the right format and you can worry about getting everything else right. When everything is all
finished, you can come back and replace those temporary recordings with paid or improved versions.
To use your extension to make a recording, enter your extension in Step 1 and press Go. Don't skip this
and go to Step 2, or you'll get a cryptic error.
Now dial *77 and make your recording after the beep. Dial *99 to listen to it. You don't have to be the
person doing this – I often enter a customer's extension and have a customer do this part while I do the
GUI work.
If the recording is good enough (and don't obsess here yet), name the recording and press Save.
For lame and silly reasons, spaces are not allowed in the names.
You can listen to your recording and add on other recordings (such as the built-in recordings) by
clicking on your recording in the right tool panel.
We're going to start with a simple 1-level IVR , so the single Welcome-to-ACME recording will be
enough.
Now that we've created a system recording, we can create our IVR.
Creating the IVR

When you select IVR, the first page is now a brief set of instructions on how to drive the IVR. You can
either edit an IVR, if one is existing, or create a new one by clicking on 'Add IVR'.
Editing your IVR
Unlike the old Digital Receptionist system, this creates the IVR (and calls it 'Unnamed') as soon as you
click 'Add' - You'll see it appear on the right straight away.
These are your options:
z Change Name: This is simply the descriptive name that appears on the right, and in the drop-
down menu of Destinations
z Timeout: This is the amount of time the system waits before sending the call to the 't' destination
z Enable Directory: If you switch this on, users will be able to dial the FeatureCodes">feature
code for Directory, usually #, from the IVR and access the Directory service.
z Directory Context: This is the asterisk context of the directory. Advanced users can then use
different IVRs to create a multi-tenant installation.
z Enable Direct Dial: If you enable that, users will, in addition to being able to dial the IVR
options, be able to directly dial an Extension number.
z Announcement: A System Recording that is played to users when they enter the IVR. This can
be set to 'nothing'. These announcements are great for “today is July 4th and we're closed for the
holiday” and then proceeding on to the regular call flow.
Configuring your IVR
In the box on the left, enter the option for the user. This may be one, or a series of numbers, or, 'i', or 't'.
'i' and 't' have special meanings:
z i: This overrides the default invalid choice behavior, which is to play a 'invalid option' message
and immediately replay the current menu. E.G. If you only have 1 2 and 3 defined, and caller
pushes 4, it will jump to this destination.
z t: This overrides the default timeout behavior, which is to play the menu three times and hangup.
A standard configuration is to go the operator, to handle customers that don't have DTMF-
capable phones.
Options are only displayed if there is at least one entry created. For example, queues will not appear as
a possible IVR destination if no queues exist.
Use 'Increase Options' or 'Decrease Options' to alter the number of options available. This won't let you
decrease it to less than the number of options that are currently set.
To delete an option, simply leave the selection blank.
When you're finished, click 'Save' and you have your new IVR.
To test it, give it an incoming route or set up a miscellaneous application (* code) to reach it.
Creating and Assigning Extensions

Creating and Assigning Extensions
Numbering Schemes
There are several schemes for assigning extensions. Invariably, though, you'll find the following
guidelines will help:
z Use their previous extension numbers

{ Upgrading a system shouldn't require upgrading business cards
z Use the last 3 or 4 digits of their DIDs
{ Less for people to remember
z For non-DID systems, choose the last 3 digits of the main number
{ If the main number is 651-3200, then extensions can be 200, 201, 202, etc.
z Don't collide with system shortcuts, common dialing sequences, or emergency numbers
{ In the US, this rules out extensions in the 100s and 900s, at minimum. 611 and 311
shouldn't be assigned, but the rest of the 600s and 300s can be.
{ For FreePBX, 7777 is commonly 'simulate an incoming call', should be avoided, as should
other Miscellaneous Destinations
Remember, when reserving DIDs, to get the whole block of interest if possible. It's usually low enough
cost, and it really hurts to run out.
File ownership and what files you can edit

Who owns what files in /etc/asterisk when FreePBX is installed?
That's what this page is here to answer.
The basic rule is that all files are owned and modified by FreePBX unless they end _custom.conf. There
are a few exceptions to this rule but not many.
If the file is owned by FreePBX you should find this statement at the top of the file making it clear that
it is owned by FreePBX
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------;
; Do NOT edit this file as it is auto-generated by FreePBX. All modifications to ;
; this file must be done via the web gui. There are alternative files to make ;
; custom modifications, details at: http://freepbx.org/configuration_files ;
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------;
;
So here is the list of files as of version 2.4. Those owned by FreePBX will be in bold underline. If they
become owned in a later version that version will be stated to the right of the file name.
agents.conf
alarmreceiver.conf
applications.conf
asterisk.conf
backup.conf
{ This file contains the crontab line(s) that will get executed for backup job scheduling.
cdr_mysql.conf
{ if you want to use the userfield in the CDR reporting you will need to add this line to the file:
userfield=1
then restart Freepbx by typing amportal restart
Default file should look like this:
;
; Note - if the database server is hosted on the same machine as the
; asterisk server, you can achieve a local Unix socket connection by
; setting hostname=localhost
;
; port and sock are both optional parameters. If hostname is specified
; and is not "localhost", then cdr_mysql will attempt to connect to the
; port specified or use the default port. If hostname is not specified
; or if hostname is "localhost", then cdr_mysql will attempt to connect
; to the socket file specified by sock or otherwise use the default socket
; file.
;
[global]
hostname=localhost
dbname=asteriskcdrdb
password=amp109
user=asteriskuser
;port=3306
;sock=/tmp/mysql.sock
codecs.conf
dnsmgr.conf
dundi.conf
enum.conf
extconfig.conf
extensions.conf
{ if you need to modify existing code code/context in extensions.conf please place your
modifications in extensions_override_freepbx.conf as asterisk uses the code for the first context
referance and ignores additional occurances.
extensions_additional.conf
{ DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE, it get's regenerated each and every time you apply changes.
{ If you need to expand on functionality of a section of code check to see if there is a include
context line in the code (will end in _custom.conf) if so create that context in
extensions_custom.conf and it will get called.
{ If you need to replace the functionality in extensions_additional.conf please place it in
extensions_override_freepbx.conf but read the notes about this file first.
extensions_custom.conf
{ this is the file that you place all your custom contexts, and additional code enhancements to the
FreePBX dial plan. This file will not be overwritten.
extensions_override_freepbx.conf
{ If extensions.conf (or extensions_additional.conf) has a context or macro that you NEED to

modify, you place that code here as asterisk will only execute the first occurrences of that code
and ignores other occurrences. This file will not be overwritten. Be very careful as replacing an
existing piece of code this way is the fastest possible way to break your system. If you are doing
this you should probably think about filing for a feature request or bug fix to get it addressed
properly.
features.conf
features_applicationmap_additional.conf
features_applicationmap_custom.conf
features_featuremap_additional.conf
features_featuremap_custom.conf
features_general_additional.conf
features_general_custom.conf
globals_custom.conf
iax.conf
iax_additional.conf
iax_custom.conf
iax_custom_post.conf
iax_general_additional.conf
iax_general_custom.conf
iaxprov.conf
iax_registrations.conf
iax_registrations_custom.conf
indications.conf
localprefixes.conf
logger.conf
manager_additional.conf
manager.conf
manager_custom.conf
meetme.conf
meetme_additional.conf
mgcp.conf
modem.conf
modules.conf
musiconhold_additional.conf
musiconhold.conf
musiconhold_custom.conf
oss.conf
parking_additional.inc (should no longer be used as parking was moved to features)
phone.conf
phpagi.conf
privacy.conf
queues.conf
{ Do not edit this file in any way. Anything you can think of putting in this file can be placed into
one of the _custom.comf files where it will not get removed or replaced.
queues_additional.conf
one of the _custom.conf files where it will not get removed or replaced.
queues_custom.conf
{ This is the proper location for placing any of the context specific options and lines that you
might need to add before the processing of the queues_additional.conf file for your queues setup.
queues_custom_general.conf
{ This is the proper location for placing any of the [general] context option lines that you might
need to add to your queues setup.
queues_general_additional.conf
one of the _custom.comf files where it will not get removed or replaced.
queues_post_custom.conf
{ This is the proper location for placing any of the context specific options that you might need to
add to the end queues setup.
This is the file that allows you to add or remove values to those entries found in the auto-
generated queue_additional.conf file. So for example you have a queue 79 that need a additional
parameter added. create a context line: [79](+) then on the next line add the item(s) you need to
add. To remove use (-) instead followed by the line(s) you want removed.
res_mysql.conf
rtp.conf
sip.conf
one of the _custom.comf files where it will not get removed or replaced. If you are looking to do
nat'ing, see sip_general_custom.conf or if it is a legacy system sip_nat.conf. If you want to add
additional setup parameters for your sip device see sip_custom_post.conf, etc. If you need to
adjust sip jitter or something else it will be sip_general_custom.conf (if it is for the general
context) or sip_custom.conf. If you do edit this file and place something new in it, it will get
overwritten at some point and next time you restart your system you will suddenly wonder why
things stopped working.
sip_general_additional.conf
{ This is where FreePBX places all of it's general context settings. If you need to override one of
these or add a new one please do so in sip_general_custom.conf.
sip_general_custom.conf
{ This is the proper location for placing any of the [general] context option lines that you might
need to add to your setup. This is also the place to add those lines needed to enable the nat'ing of
SIP when you go through a firewall.
Some of the required lines for nat'ing are externip=, nat=, localnet= (you can have more then one
occurrence of this line), and optionally fromdomain=. The first three are needed to properly setup
a box on protected network behind a firewall that is providing nat to a public IP. If you have a
legacy system these lines might have been placed in sip_nat.conf in the past, if so that is ok as
long as the lines only exist in one file and not both (or a big debugging mess will occur along
with hair loss as you pull it out while tracking it all down). See sip_nat.conf for more info.
configurations with multiple subnets:

For those setups with internal networks that have multiple subnets you will need to add a
localnet= line for each subnet that the phone system should have direct access to. If you don't do
this the phone system will assume that phones on those other subnets are external and thus
provide the External IP of the box in the SIP headers instead of the internal IP. This then becomes
a routing problem for the phone as it should not be attempting to talk external IP of the internal
box (most firewalls can not handle the looping back of IP traffic).
Example:
Server 192.168.1.2 on a 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 network
Phones inside the office are on the 192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0 subnet
Requires these two lines in the either sip_general_custom.conf or sip_nat.conf file

localnet=192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0
localnet=192.168.2.0/255.255.255.0
sip_nat.conf
{ This is the old common location for placing the lines needed to enable the nat'ing of SIP. The
new preferred location is sip_general_custom.conf. If you move the lines from this file to
sip_general_custom.conf please remove them from this file or you'll experience hair loss as you
spend time debugging why things don't work as you expect.
sip_registrations.conf
{ General section registrations that are auto-generated by FreePBX.
sip_registrations_custom.conf
{ a custom file just in case there is ever a need to override a general registration that was auto-
generated by FreePBX.
sip_custom.conf
z This is the first file that is not under the general context. IT allows you to define contexts that you
need before the contexts that are auto-generated by FreePBX in sip_additional.conf.
sip_additional.conf
{ This is where FreePBX puts all sip extensions, sip trunks, etc. If you need to add a additional
parameter to a extension, trunk, etc., see sip_custom_post.conf.
sip_custom_post.conf
{ This is the file that allows you to add/remove values to those entries found in the auto-generated
sip_additional.conf file. So for example you have an extension 1000 that needs an additional
parameter added. Create a context line: [1000](+) then on the next line add the item(s) you need
to add. To remove use (-) instead followed by the line(s) you want removed.
sip_notify.conf
skinny.conf
voicemail.conf
{ This file is both editable by you and by FreePBX, so please be careful. The structure of this file is
as follows:
[general]
#include vm_general.inc
#include vm_email.inc
[default]
Once you have configured a system with voicemail there will be values after the context
[default]. These lines will be generated by FreePBX every time you add/edit/delete a extension.
If you are looking to customize the e-mail message that get's send out with a voice mail please
edit the vm_email.inc file. If you need to edit the mail sending parameters edit the
vm_general.inc file. 99% of the world needs to edit two lines in the vm_general.inc file at the
initial build time.
The most common change to this file is to create a context called [zonemessages]. This context
allows you to create timezones so that when you have extensions in multiple time zones they can
date time stamp recorded messages properly for any given extension. If you create this context it
should be placed after the second #include line and before the [default] line.
[general]
#include vm_general.inc
#include vm_email.inc
[zonemessages]
eastern = America/New_York|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' IMp
central = America/Chicago|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' IMp
mountain = America/Denver|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' IMp
pacific = America/Tijuana|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' IMp
eastern24 = America/New_York|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' R
central24 = America/Chicago|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' R
mountain24 = America/Denver|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' R
pacific24 = America/Tijuana|'vm-received' q 'digits/at' R
deutschland = Europe/Berlin | 'vm-received' Q 'digits/at' kM
england = Europe/London | 'vm-received' Q 'digits/at' R
germany = Europe/Berlin | 'vm-received' Q 'digits/at' kM
alberta = Canada/Mountain | 'vm-received' Q 'digits/at' HM
madrid = Europe/Paris|'vm-received' Q 'digits/at' R
paris = Europe/Paris|'vm-received' Q 'digits/at' R
sthlm = Europe/Stockholm|'vm-recieved' Q 'digits/at' R
europa = Europe/Berlin|'vm-received' Q 'digits/at' kM
italia = Europe/Rome|'vm-received' Q 'digit/at' HMP
military = Zulu | 'vm-received' q 'digits/at' H N 'hours' 'phonetic/z_p'
[default]
vm_email.inc
{ this file contains the e-mail subject line and message body for any voice mails that are e-mailed.
vm_general.inc
{ this file contains the e-mail / voice mail configuration parameters.

{ The most common change to this file is to edit the servermail= line so that it is from a valid
worldly e-mail address or any mail server that has spam and/or spoofing protection will reject the
voice mail e-mails.
{ other common lines to edit are: maxmessage= this is the max message limit, maxmsg= limits the
total number of messages allowed in a mailbox, operator= if this is set to yes then when a person
is leaving a message they can press 0 for the operator (or dial another extension).
zapata.conf
zapata-auto.conf
zapata_additional.conf
zapata_custom_chan_default.conf
Hardware examples
Add child pages to enter hardware examples here.
Make sure and note what call levels (and conferences, etc.) the system acheives.
High Quality Sounds

For those using the sounds that come with asterisk, you'll know that
volume and timing can be a bit wonky sometimes, and the quality isn't
all that great, due to them only being in GSM format. Kristian
Kielhofner of astLinux has come to the rescue by paying, out of his own pocket, to have all of the
asterisk sounds re-recorded, and has released them under the BSD-License for all to use.
Here are the links to the files:
z aLaw Sounds (For use in most Countries)

z uLaw Sounds (For use in the US)
z GSM Sounds
z iLBC Sounds
z g729 Sounds
z S-Linear Sounds (The Asterisk Native format)
z ALL FILES above in one archive for easy installation - 26MB Download.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
z Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
the following disclaimer.
z Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
distribution.
z Neither the name of the University of California, Berkeley
nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without specific prior written

permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS''

AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS
BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Interfacing to a PSTN
9.1 DIGIUM WILDCARD X100P FXO PCI CARD
This card allows you to connect a POTS (plain Old Telephone
System) line to your Asterisk@Home box (See Notes for Patch
information).
If this card is added after Asterisk has been configured, it may be

necessary to configure it by using the zaptel card auto-config utility
so the correct zaptel driver will be set up. To do that, enter the
following from the command line.
rebuild_zaptel (restart after each command)
genzaptelconf (see notes re command switch)
Next go into the AMP web interface to create a trunk and you will
notice that there is already a trunk called ZAP/g0. You need to edit
this.
1. Enter the phone number for you pots line in the Caller ID field
2. Enter 1 for Maximum channels
3. Set a dial rule you want for this trunk
4. Select an outbound dial prefix to select this trunk when dialing
5. Set the Zap Identifier to 1 (the default is g0)
Once the card is configured, you must add a route for Incoming Calls or asterisk will not answer this
line
Click on Incoming Calls in AMP and set up an incoming route. To

make outbound calls you will need to set an outbound route as well.
If you have this card installed, you will need to edit the
following files; zapata.conf, zaptel.conf and modules.conf for AAH 1.x
or modprobe.conf for AAH 2.x. The last 2 files live in the /etc
directory – use a text editor to edit them.
9.1.1 zapata.conf
Under [channels] edit the following lines:
[channels]
busydetect=yes
busycount=6
For my installation to function correctly, I have also changed the

following setting to obtain a good compromise on volume/echoing:
rxgain=10.0 (you may have to experiment a little with this setting)
txgain=8.0 (you may have to experiment a little with this setting)
Ensure the following exist in zapata.conf. It is located at the end of the file.
;Include AMP Configs
channel => 1
#include zapata_additional.conf
Leave the rest of the file as it is.
9.1.2 zaptel.conf
Change the loadzone and defaultzone to 'au'
# Global data
loadzone = au
defaultzone = au
9.1.3 modules.conf (modprobe.conf for AAH 2.x)

For AAH 1.x, locate the post-install wcfxo entry and edit it to reflect this:
post-install wcfxo /sbin/ztcfg opermode=AUSTRALIA
For AAH 2.x, add the line highlighted in Bold below:
alias char-major-196 torisa
options wcfxo opermode=AUSTRALIA ; add this line
install tor2 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install tor2 && /sbin/ztcfg
9.2 DIGIUM TDM400P FXO/FXS CARD

Like the Digium Wildcard X100P, this card allows you to connect a
POTS (plain Old Telephone System) line to your Asterisk@Home box.
Unlike the X100P, this card has 4 module ports that can be loaded with
FXS or FXO modules. Channel 1 is the top RJ-45 on the back of the
TDM400P card.
If this card is installed after Asterisk has been loaded, you will
need to configure it just like the X100P by using the following command
on the command line:
genzaptelconf
9.2.1 zapata-auto.conf
Next, using config edit, look in the zapata-auto.conf file and you
will see a list of all your channels in your TDM400P. Set up the trunks
as trunks and the extensions as extensions in AMP.
When you open the zapata_auto.conf file, it will look something like the illustration below (see the red
highlight)
zapata-auto.conf
; Span 1: WCTDM/0 'Wildcard TDM400P REV E/F Board 1'
signaling=fxo_ks
; Note - this is an extension. Create a ZAP extension in AMP for Channel 1
channel => 1 < - -this would have been defined already by the config
signaling=fxs_ks
;Note - this is a trunk. Create a ZAP trunk in AMP for Channel 2
context=from-pstnchannel => 2 < - -this would have been defined already by the config
If in the illustration it shows channel 1 is your Zap extension

then add a zap extension for channel 1 in AMP and if it shows your Zap
trunk is channel 2 you should create a zap trunk for channel 2 in AMP.
Once this is done, reboot your PC and when Asterisk starts, use AMP
to add a route for incoming calls or asterisk will not answer your
trunk. Similarly, to make outbound calls you will need an outbound
route. Set them up as per setting up routes in the earlier chapters of
this document.
If you have this card installed, you will need to edit the
following files; zapata.conf and zaptel.conf as per the X100P card in
the previous section.
9.2.2 modules.conf (modprobe.conf for AAH 2.x)

You will need to edit the modules.conf, or modprobe.conf to add the necessary option for usage in
Australia.
The example below is for AAH 1.x. where you need to add the following line;
options wctdm opermode=AUSTRALIA fxshonormode=1 bootstringer=1
Your modules.conf (AAH 1.x) should look like the example below:
alias eth0 e100
alias sound-slot-0 es1370
post-install sound-slot-0 /bin/aumix-minimal -f /etc/.aumixrc -L >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
pre-remove sound-slot-0 /bin/aumix-minimal -f /etc/.aumixrc -S >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
alias usb-controller usb-uhci
alias char-major-196 torisa
options wctdm opermode=AUSTRALIA fxshonormode=1 boostringer=1
options torisa base=0xd0000
post-install tor2 /sbin/ztcfg
post-install torisa /sbin/ztcfg
post-install wcusb /sbin/ztcfg
post-install wcfxo /sbin/ztcfg
post-install wctdm /sbin/ztcfg
post-install ztdynamic /sbin/ztcfg
You will only need to add the line in red. Do not change anything else.
Or, in AAH Ver.2.1, you may also do the following:
Locate the line 'install wctdm /sbin/ztcfg-- --ignore-install wctdm

&& /sbin/ztcfg' and edit it to reflect the following:
install wctdm opermode=AUSTRALIA fxshonormode=1 boostringer=1 /sbin/ztcfg-- --ignore-install
wctdm && /sbin/ztcfg
Note: as of Zaptel
Drivers 1.2.4, by selecting opermode=AUSTRALIA the zaptel drivers
automatically add the 'boostringer=1 , fxshonormode=1'
Also see Appendix E.3 (Users Suggestions)
9.3 REBUILDING ZAPTEL DRIVER

Every time there is a kernel update with yum (which is the case
with Asterisk and CentOS), ZAP device support needs to be rebuilt using
the new kernel. Unfortunately, this will cause a slight problem as
RedHat bug caused the rebuilding process to fail.
The following is the fix - source Nerd Vittles http://nerdvittles.com/index.php?p=123
Log into your new server as root and issue the following commands:
cd /usr/src/kernels/2.6.9-34.EL-i686/ include/linux
mv spinlock.h spinlock.h.old
wget http://nerdvittles.com/aah27/spinlock.h
Once the file has been retrieved, reboot using the following command:
shutdown -r now
When the reboot completes, you can start rebuilding the support for
your ZAP devices or for that matter, ztdummy if you don’t have any ZAP
devices.
Log in as root and type the following command:
rebuild_zaptel
Then reboot your system:
shutdown -r now
Now log in as root again and enter the following command:
amportal stop
genzaptelconf
Reboot once again:
shutdown -r now
..and you're done.
(See also user Users’ Suggestions)
9.4 SIPURA SPA3000 AS A PSTN INTERFACE

To those new to the SPA3000, there is a simplified installation
and configuration instruction by JMG Technology. While it is directed
mainly at standalone ATA users, it gives a good insight of the Sipura
SPA3000’s capabilities.
I have come across a few people in the various forums wanting to

use their Sipura SPA-3000s as FXO front-end to their Asterisk@Home
boxes. To help them in their endeavours, I've put the following
together, as no one single source of information that I've found so far
has a config that would actually work for me.
9.4.1 Log in to SPA3000

Login to your SPA-3000 as admin/advanced.
Before you change anything, I'd suggest taking a snapshot (i.e.

just save the .html page) of your current SPA-3000 configuration, just
in case you ever need to refer back to your own customisations.
If you're not already running the latest SPA-3000 firmware, then

upgrade it to the latest version (at the time of writing, it's 3.1.5a).
Take another snapshot for good measure. Nothing should have changed in
your settings, except that you have a few extra options that you didn't
have before.
Now reset SPA-3000 back to factory defaults, because I'm only going
to list the minimum changes required to keep things simple. Take
another snapshot now too, in case you ever want to know what the
defaults were.
9.4.2 Change the settings

System tab
DHCP: No
Static IP: something on your local subnet e.g.; 192.168.1.200
NetMask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: your router's IP address e.g.; 192.168.1.254
Primary DNS: your ISP's primary DNS address e.g.; 203.12.160.35
Secondary DNS: your ISP's secondary DNS address e.g.; 203.12.160.36
Regional tab
Dial Tone: 400@-19,425@-19;10(*/0/1+2)
Busy Tone: 425@-10;10(.4/.4/1)
Reorder Tone: 425@-10;10(.2/.2/1)
Ring Back Tone: 400@-19,425@-19,450@-19;*(.4/.2/1+2+3,.4/.2/1+2+3,0/2/0)
Ring 1 Cadence: 60(1.5/3.4)
Ring 3 Cadence:
60
(1.5/3.4,.4/.2,.4/2,.4/.2,.4/2,.4/.2,.4/2,.4/.2,.4/2,.4/.2,.4/2,.4/.2,.4/2,.4/.2,.4/2,.4/.2,.4/2,.4/.2,.4/2,.4/.2,.4/2)
CWT8 Cadence: 30(.2/.2,.2/4.4)
Hook Flash Timer Min: .07
Hook Flash Timer Max: .13
Delete all the Vertical Service Activation Codes.
FXS Port Impedance: 220+820||120nF
Line 1 tab
Proxy: IP address of your Asterisk box e.g.; 192.168.1.234
Register Expires: 60
Display Name: Whatever
User ID: Asterisk extension number e.g.; 200
Password: password for that extension
Silence Threshold: medium
DTMF Tx Method: INFO
Hook Flash Tx Method: INFO
Dial Plan: (*xx|000|0011xxxxxxxxxxx.|0[23478]xxxxxxxx|09xxxxxx|1100

|122[135]|1222xxxxxxx|12510[12]|12554|1[38]00xxxxxx|13[1-9]xxx
|1747xxxxxxx|2xx|393xxxxxx|3xxxx. |[4689]xxxxxxx|7777|899060xxxxx.) for
example
(*xx.|x.) will work, but I like to do a bit of sanity checking, etc.
PSTN Line tab (method 1)
Register: no
Make Call Without Reg: yes
Ans Call Without Reg: yes
Display Name: No name
User ID: PSTN
Password: password
Silence Supp Enable: no
Echo Canc Enable: no
Echo Canc Adapt Enable: no
Echo Supp Enable: no
FAX CED Detect Enable: yes
FAX CNG Detect Enable: yes
FAX Passthru Codec: G711u
FAX Codec Symmetric: no
FAX Passthru Method: None
FAX Process NSE: no
Dial Plan 1: (S0<:T0298765432>) for example
VoIP Caller Default DP: none
PSTN Ring Thru Line 1: no
PSTN CID For VoIP CID: yes
PSTN Answer Delay: 2
PSTN Ring Thru Delay: 3
PSTN Ring Timeout: 4
PSTN Hook Flash Len: .1
Disconnect Tone: 425@-30,425@-30;1(.375/.375/1+2)
FXO Port Impedance: 220+820||120nF
On-Hook Speed: 26ms (Australia)
(Source reference: Colin Swan)
Or alternatively you may want to adopt the second method for the PSTN Line Tab, which I am
currently using.
PSTN Line tab (method 2)
Register: no
Make Call Without Reg: yes
Ans Call Without Reg: yes
Display Name: No name
User ID: PSTN
Password: password
Silence Supp Enable: no
Echo Canc Enable: no
Echo Canc Adapt Enable: no
Echo Supp Enable: no
FAX CED Detect Enable: yes
FAX CNG Detect Enable: yes
FAX Passthru Codec: G711u
FAX Codec Symmetric: no
FAX Passthru Method: None
FAX Process NSE: no
Dial Plan 1: (S0<:s@YourAsteriskIP>) e.g. (S0<:s@192.168.0.101:5060>)or try w/o the port

designation
VoIP Caller Default DP: none
PSTN Ring Thru Line 1: no
PSTN CID For VoIP CID: yes
PSTN Answer Delay: 2
PSTN Ring Thru Delay: 3
PSTN Ring Timeout: 4
PSTN Hook Flash Len: .1
Disconnect Tone: 425@-30,425@-30;1(.375/.375/1+2)
FXO Port Impedance: 220+820||120nF
On-Hook Speed: 26ms (Australia)
Using this alternative method, you will not need to create an

Inbound Route for this channel as the call is sent directly to your “s‿
extension as defined in your incoming call setting. You may also get
CLID if your Telco has activated incoming Caller ID on your phone.
User 1 tab
Default Ring: 3
Default CWT: 8
9.4.3 Add SIP Trunk

Then in AMP, add a SIP trunk.
Outbound Caller ID: <0298765432> (for example)
Maximum Channels: 1
Dial Rules: 0+NXXXXXXXX (for example)
0011+ZXXXXXXXXXX.
Trunk Name: telstra (for example)
Peer Details:
canreinvite=no
context=from-pstn
host=the IP address of your SPA-3000 (for example; 192.168.1.200)
insecure=very
nat=no
port=5061 (for example)
qualify=yes
secret=password
type=peer
username=PSTN
User Context: telstra-incoming (for example)
User Details:
canreinvite=no
context=from-pstn
host=the IP address of your SPA-3000 (for example; 192.168.1.200)
insecure=very
nat=no
port=5061 for example
secret=password
type=user
username=PSTN
Leave "Register String" empty
Then add a DID Route of T0298765432 (for example), which goes to your chosen Destination. (Source
reference: Colin Swan)
See the alternative configuration that I am currently using for the PSTN Tab in Notes
Also see Eliminating echo problems in Appendix E.4 in Sipura SPA-3000
Is Voip for You?

Is VoIP for You?
Whether VOIP is for you or not rely on a number of or combination

of factors. Some economic and quality considerations should be
examined.
What is it going to cost?
Assuming that you already have a broadband service, a router, and a Windows PC to run the softphone,
the cost will be minimal.
If you already have a spare computer to dedicate to this task, then

the cost is almost nothing unless you need to buy an audio headset
($15.00 from Dick Smith - Australia.) for the softphone. If you do not have a spare
PC with the above specification, then you may be able to buy one from
your local swap meets for under $200.00, which may include a monitor.
Ensure that the PC has an Ethernet NIC for connecting to your home
network.
Your only other initial cost will be the $20.00 or so activation

fee to Oztel (or other VSP of your choice), if you want the ability to
make PSTN calls. If you want to restrict all your calls to VOIP only,
it may not cost you anything at all.
Some VSPs like Pennytel, Astratel, Spantalk etc will register you
for SIP communication for free provided that you do not need to make
PSTN calls.
All these “Major Expenses" will be recovered when you receive your monthly Telstra or Optus phone
bills.
What will the Quality of the phone calls be?
If you are expecting the quality to be as good as your existing

PSTN calls, you will be somewhat disappointed, but if you will be happy
with a quality that is not quite but close to your existing PSTN calls,
you might be in luck.
VOIP via the Public Internet is very much dependant on a number of

factors – available bandwidth not withstanding, your usage habit of the
internet and LAN traffic and equipment quality, amongst others, also
play very important roles.
Linux CLI Commands

Entering the Asterisk Console
asterisk -r
Checking Current System Load

top
Interrupt Information
cat /proc/interrupts
RAID Array Information

cat /proc/mdstat
Checking the Routing table

netstat -rn OR route
Checking CPU Information

cat /proc/interrupts
Checking Memory Information

cat /proc/meminfo
Running tcpdump
tcpdump -A -s 10000 port <port> and host <host>
Running PING tests

ping -i 0.02 -c 500 -s 270 <host>
Intensive Performance Information

vmstat 1
Current Wanpipe Version

wanrouter version
Current system processes

ps aux
Current Networking Information

ifconfig -a
Duplexing Diagnostics
mii-tool
Rsync Usage
rsync -av -essh /path/to/file <remote_site>:/path/to/file
SCP Usage
scp /path/to/file <remote_host>:/path/to/file
Checking Disk Space

df -h
Setting up Phones
Some docs on how to setup up hard and soft phones with freepbx
Setting Up Voicemail
Setting up Voicemail
Voicemailboxes are typically created when used for the first time.
Assigning Voicemail PasswordsYou must enter a voicemail password when creating an extension
enabled with voicemail. Choose a password that is at least 4 digits. Resist the impulse to standardize the
default. Most people won't change it, and the system will be insecure.
Instructing New Users
New users should, as matter of policy, be sent an email with both general instructions, their voicemail
initial password, and directions to change it.
Voicemail in email feature
In order for these emails to pass through spam filters, the following are recommended:
1. Set your hostname to be a fully-qualified domain name. Use dyndns.org if you don't want to pay
for a real one.
2. Don't send from dynamic IP addresses.
Voicemail pager feature
This gives a short description of the message envelope, suitable for emailing to a wireless carrier's
email gateway.
Voicemail Locator (VMX) Feature
This optional feature lets users set up a short menu before voicemail takes the actual message. Common
options are 'press 1 for my cell, 2 for my assistant or just leave a message after the tone.'
Resetting
It's commonplace to have to reset the passwords as people leave the company.
System Tools
Area for additional system tools for Asterisk and FreePBX
Putty
PuTTY
PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet and SSH for Win32 and
Unix platforms, along with an xterm terminal emulator. It is written
and maintained primarily by Simon Tatham and can be downloaded from the
following link.
http://www.putty.nl/download.html
WEBMIN
WEBMIN
Webmin in an invaluable web based gui for managing a Linux box.

Webmin make it easy to configure application like SMTP mail, editing
files, system settings, etc.
Those who want to use Web Admin to maintain the Asterisk System may download Webmin from here
or from CLI, do the following:
wget http://superb-east.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/webadmin/webmin-1.260-
1.noarch.rpm
Install it with the following command through CLI:
rpm -Uvh webmin-1.260-1.noarch.rpm
Or be totally lazy like me and do the whole lot in a one liner;
rpm –Uvh http://superb-east.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/webadmin/webmin-1.260-

1.noarch.rpm
I have found the above method is straightforward and simple.

However there are some users who found that following an alternative
method is simpler. If that is the case, the alternative installation
method can be found here:
http://www.terrasoftsolutions.com/support/solutions/ydl_general/webmin.shtml
You may connect to Webmin remotely through your browser using the
following address http://<YourAsterisk_IPAddress>:10000. E.g.
192.168.0.101:10000
To update WebMin
Anytime you want to update Webmin, simply do the following.
Log on to your Asterisk box (SSH or at the console).
At the command prompt, issue the following command:
yum –y install webmin
WINSCP
WINSCP
WinSCP is an open source freeware SFTP client for Windows using
SSH. Legacy SCP protocol is also supported. Its main function is safe
copying of files between a local and a remote computer. It can be
downloaded from the following link.
http://winscp.net/eng/index.php

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Administration Guide Page 1 of 42

13. How to mix VOIP and data on the same LAN

DID Alert Info: Used for distinctive ring services

These options are the same as in

secret: The SIP password used in

dtmfmode: How DTMF is

allow: enter any codec overrides here

dial: SIP/extension is the default.

accountcode: enter an account code for use by a billing module.

mailbox: extension@default is the default.

Asterisk CLI Commands

abort halt: Cancel a running halt

add extension: Add new extension into context

add ignorepat: Add new ignore pattern

add indication: Add the given indication to the country

amportal start: Stop AAH and

amportal stop: Restart AAH.

debug channel: Enable debugging on a channel

dont include: Remove a specified include from context

help: Display help list, or specific help on a command

include context: Include context in other context

load: Load a dynamic module by name

no debug channel: Disable debugging on a channel

pri debug span: Enables PRI debugging on a span

pri intense debug span: Enables REALLY INTENSE PRI debugging

pri no debug span: Disables PRI debugging on a span

remove extension: Remove a specified extension

remove ignorepat: Remove ignore pattern from context

remove indication: Remove the given indication from the country

save dialplan: Overwrites your current

extensions.conf file with an exported version based on the current

show agents: Show status of agents

show applications: Shows registered applications

show application: Describe a specific application

show channel: Display information on a specific channel

show channels: Display information on channels

show codecs: Display information on codecs

show conferences: Show status of conferences

show dialplan: Show dialplan

show image formats: Displays image formats

show indications: - Show a list of all country/indications

show locals: Show status of local channels

show manager command: Show manager commands

show manager connect: Show connected manager users

show parkedcalls: Lists parked calls

show queues: Show status of queues

show switches: Show alternative switches

show translation: Display translation matrix

show voicemail users: List defined voicemail boxes

show voicemail zones: List zone message formats

soft hangup: Request a hangup on a given channel

A.2.2 AGI Commands

show agi: Show AGI commands or specific help

dump agihtml: Dumps a list of agi command in html format

A.2.3 Database Handling

database deltree: Removes database keytree/values

database get: Gets database value

database put: Adds/updates database value

database show: Shows database contents

A.2.4 IAX Channel Commands

iax2 no debug: Disable IAX debugging

iax2 set jitter: Sets IAX jitter buffer