PHYSICS FORM 4 PAPER 2 ANSWER SCHEME

Section A
Marks
1 (a) mass 1
(b) zero error 1
(c) 6g 1
(d) 24 g 1
(e) ..avoid parallax error 1
..repeat measurements and take the average value 1
6

2 (a) Ratchet 1
(b) To prevent the user from exerting undue pressure on the object @ 1
To prevent the user from exerting too much pressure / over
tightening
(c) -0.02mm 1
(d) 0.01mm , 0.01cm 2
(e) Able to measure the smallest unit 0.01mm / higher sensitivity 1
6

3 (a) Scalar quantity 1

(b) 1

(c) 700 m 1
(d) (i) 500 m 1
(ii) 500 m 1
5

4 (a) velocity = rate of change of displacement 1

(b) speed only show magnitude, not direction of motion//scalar quantity, while 1
velocity show magnitude and direction of motion//vector quantity
(c) 4.5 s 1
(d) distance = area under the graph
s1 = ½ ( 10 x 3) = 15 m 1
s2 = ½ ( 3+ 4.5) 10 = 37.5 m
total distance = s1 + s2 = 15 + 37.5 = 52.5 m 1
distance between the car and the road block when the car stop. = 62 – 52.5 1
= 9.5 m
 (e)

2
8

5 (a) P = Lifting Force 1

Q = Weight / Gravitational Force Attraction 1

(b) P=Q 1
(c) (i) at rest/not moving/stationary state 1
(ii) moving with uniform velocity 1
(d) (i) a = v-u
t
= (70-0) ms-1 .= 35 ms-2 2
2
(ii) F = ma
= 28 000 kg x 35 ms-2
= 980 000 kg ms-2 /N 2
9

6 (a) Inelastic collision 1

(b) m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2) v
(1200 x 30) + (1000 x 20) = (1200 + 1000) x v
v = 25.5 ms-1 2
(c) Inertia 1
(d) Vehicles carrying bulky materials with greater mass and moving with higher
velocity have large momentum and inertia
Vehicles with large momentum and inertia will take a long time to stop
and thus dangerous for the driver and other road users 2
6
7 (a) Tendency of object to remain at rest or moving with uniform velocity 1
(b) Mass in 7.1 < 7.2 1
(c) Inertia in 7.1(a) < 7.2 1
(d) Inertia of crate to remain at rest 1
(e) Shake bottle up and down, source comes out 1
(any acceptable answer)
(f) Situations Method to reduce the inertia effects
Situasi Kaedah mengurangkan kesan inertia
Passengers are thrust forward during Wear seat belt properly
a road accident/the car suddenly
stopped

Heavy vehicles carrying fuel/liquid Partition the tanks of the vehicles into
chemicals take a long time to stop several parts
(any acceptable answer) 4
9

8 (a) Change of momentum/product of force with time of impact 1

(b) (i) Force on the watermelon in Diagram 8.1 is larger than the force on the 1
watermelon in Diagram 8.2
(ii) Time of impact on surface A is shorter than time of impact on surface B 1
(c) Sponge/carpet/towel/cloth/grass & other suitable materials 1
(d) 1. Body will be hold back by the seat belt when car stopped suddenly 1
2. The seat belt will lengthen slightly, the impulsive force inflicted on the 1
body will be less
(e) (i) mgh = ½ mv2
50 x 10 x 2.5 = ½ x 50 x v2
v = 7.071 ms-1 2
(ii) F = mv-mu
t
.= (50 x 7.071) - (50 x 0) = 11 785 N
0.03 2
10

Total 59
 Section B
Marks
9 (a) (i) Product of mass and velocity / /momentum = mass x velocity 1
(ii) Total momentum = 0 1
Total momentum before the bullet is fired = total momentum 1
after the bullet is fired.
Magnitude - equal Direction - opposite 2
Principle of Conservation of Momentum 1
(b) - Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen/fuel is pump into the 1
combustion chamber for combustion
- The exhaust gas is ejected out of the rocket nozzle at high speed. 1
- The ejected exhaust gas at high speed has a large momentum. 1
- According to the Principle of Conservation of Momentum, the 1
rocket acquires a large momentum forward
(c) Aspect of blade - Using bigger blades/increase the number of blades/ 1
increase the speed of blade
Reason - Increase the air intake 1
Aspect of material of blade - Blade made of strong material 1
Reason - Can withstand strong pressure/it will not break easily 1
Aspect of fuel injector - Increase the number of fuel injectors// 1
add more fuel injectors
Reason - More fuel to be burnt to produce greater thrust 1
Aspect of combustion chamber - Increase the size of the combustion 1
chamber
Reason - More space for the fuel to be burnt 1
Aspect of nozzle - Decrease the diameter of the nozzle 1
Reason - Exhaust gas ejected at higher velocity/higher momentum 1
Total 20

10 (a) A measure of the quantity of matter making up an object/ The quantitative 1

measure of inertia of an object
(b) The calf is easier to moved than the bull 1
The bull has a greater mass than the calf 1
Inertia is a tendency of an object to remains its state of motion or if 1
moving it will continue moving with constant velocity
The bull therefore has a greater inertia than the calf 1
The higher the mass the higher the inertia 1
(iii) Inertia 1
(c) A boy should run in zig-zag direction 1
The wild bull has a greater mass so that it has a greater inertia. 1
It is difficult to change its direction 1
 (d) (i) The hammer is lifted high and then released 1
Just before striking the pile, the hammer would have acquired a high 1
momentum (or velocity).
On striking the pile, the momentum of the hammer is reduced to almost 2
zero in a short time
This produces an impulsive force of great magnitudes 1
The impulsive force on the pile drives it deep into the ground 1

(ii) The increase in mass will result in higher momentum 1

The increase in height of the hammer will increase the velocity of the 1
hammer before it hits the pile, thus resulting in higher momentum
When the hammer hits the pile with higher momentum, a bigger impulse 2
force is produced on the pile and drives the pile deeper into the ground
Total 20
Section C

11 (a) Change of momentum

(b) Fuel burns in the combustion chamber 1
Hot gases expelled at high speed backwards 1
A large backwards momentum is produced 1
The rocket gains forwards momentum of equal magnitude 1
(c) Density of the material must be small 1
Reason - To make the landing pad lighter /easier to carry 1
Elasticity must be high 1
Reason - Lengthen the time of impact to reduce the impulsive force 1
Thickness must be thick 1
Reason - Better absorb the impact // to reduce the impulsive force 1
Air absorption must be high 1
Reason - Release and absorb the air easily 1
The most suitable material is R 1
Because its density is low, elasticity is high, it is thick and high absorption 1
of air
(d) (i) 72 x 1000 .= 20 ms-1
3600
Impulse = mv –mu
= 0 – (800 x 20)
.= 16000 Ns 3
(ii) Impulsive force = Impulse
Time
= 16000 Ns .= 80 000 N
0.2 s 2
Total 20