GERMAN ATV RULES AND STANDARDS

WASTEWATER - WASTE

ADVISORY LEAFLET
ATV M 143-3

Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and

replacement of Sewers and Drains,
Part 3: Relining

April 1993
ISBN 3-934984-42-8

Marketing:
Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Abwassertechnik e.V. (GFA)
Theodor-Heuss-Allee 17
D-53773 Hennef
Postfach 11 65, 53758 Hennef
 ATV-A 143-3 E
At the time of preparation the following were members of the ATV Working Group 1.6.5
"Rehabilitation and Replacement of Drains and Sewers" which produced this Advisory Leaflet:

Prof. Dr.Ing. Stein, Bochum (Chairman)

Dipl.-Ing. Adler, Köln
Dipl.-Ing. Ant, Bonn
Dr.-Ing. Beyert, Aachen
Dipl.-Ing. Blome, Bielefeld
Dipl.-Ing. Bloomfield, Oberhausen
Dipl.-Ing. Buchholz, Berlin
Dipl.-Ing. Chwastek, Witten
Dipl.-Ing. Flick, Köln
Dipl.-Ing. Hoffmann, Pirmasens
Dipl.-Ing. Holzhausen, Frankfurt
Dipl.-Ing. Hoppe, Hamburg
Dipl.-Ing. Koch, Stuttgart
Dipl.-Ing. Kusche, Vreden
Dipl.-Ing. Müller, Schieder-Schwalenberg
Dipl.-Ing. Müsch, Mainz +
Dipl.-Ing. Petry, Heusenstamm
Dipl.-Ing. Schulte, Köln
Dipl.-Ing. Schulz, Brüggen
Dipl.-Ing. Siebert, Oststeinbeck 2
Dipl.-Ing. Wagner, Berlin
Guests:
Dipl.-Ing. Brochier, Feldkirchen
Dr.-Ing. Drewniok, Leipzig

The Advisory Leaflet presented here has been prepared within the framework of the ATV
committee work, taking into account the ATV Standard A 400 "Principles for the Preparation
of Rules and Standards" in the Rules and Standards Wastewater/Waste, in the January
1994 version. With regard to the application of the Rules and Standards, Para. 1 of Point 5
of A 400 includes the following statement “The Rules and Standards are freely available to
everyone. An obligation to apply them can result for reasons of legal regulations, contracts
or other legal grounds. Whosoever applies them is responsible for the correct application in
specific cases. Through the application of the Rules and Standards no one avoids
responsibility for his own actions. However, for the user, prima facie evidence shows that he
has taken the necessary care.

All rights, in particular those of translation into other languages, are reserved. No part of this
Advisory Leaflet may be reproduced in any form by photocopy, microfilm or any other process or
transferred or translated into a language usable in machines, in particular data processing
machines, without the written approval of the publisher.

© Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Abwassertechnik e.V. (GFA),

St. Augustin (now Hennef) 1993
German original produced by: Rheinischer Landwirtschafts-Verlag GmbH, Bonn

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 ATV-A 143-3 E

Contents

1 Preamble..................................................................................................................... 4

2 Area of Application .................................................................................................... 4

3 Basic Preconditions and Basic Requirements........................................................ 4

4 Planning and Task Preparation ................................................................................ 4

5 Relining Methods ....................................................................................................... 5

5.1 Brief Description..................................................................................................... 5
5.1.1 Pipe Relining.................................................................................................... 5
5.1.2 Wound Tube Relining ...................................................................................... 5
5.1.3 Hose Relining................................................................................................... 5
5.2 Materials ................................................................................................................ 5
5.3 Areas of Employment............................................................................................. 5
5.3.1 Types of Sewer ................................................................................................ 5
5.3.2 Forms of Damage ............................................................................................ 6
5.3.3 Object for Damage Repair ............................................................................... 6
5.4 Implementation ...................................................................................................... 6
5.4.1 Preliminary Tasks ............................................................................................ 6
5.4.2 Procedure ........................................................................................................ 6
5.4.3 Tests and Final Tasks...................................................................................... 8
6 Notes........................................................................................................................... 8
6.1 Filling of the Annular Space ................................................................................... 8
6.1.1 Materials .......................................................................................................... 8
6.1.2 Procedure ........................................................................................................ 8
6.1.3 Verification ....................................................................................................... 8
6.1.4 Tests ................................................................................................................ 9
6.2 Statics .................................................................................................................... 9
6.2.1 General Information ......................................................................................... 9
6.2.2 Calculations ..................................................................................................... 9
6.3 Side Inlets ............................................................................................................ 10
6.4 Quoted Standard Specifications and Standards .................................................. 10
6.4.1 DIN Standard Specifications .......................................................................... 10
6.4.2 ATV Rules and Standards Wastewater – Wastes.......................................... 10

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1 Preamble
In August 1984, due to the hazard potential for the environment, in particular for the groundwater and the soil
which comes from existing public and non-public sewers and drains, ATV established Working Group 1.6.5.
This was tasked to deal with questions on the maintenance of sewer systems and to prepare the technical
rules for these.

With the repair of damage there is a diversity of experience available for relining procedures. The Working
Group therefore decided, first, to set up a standard procedure description for relining methods.
Appropriate descriptions of other methods are to follow.

2 Area of Application
This Advisory Leaflet applies for all public and non-public sewers, connections and house drains
including the associated structures1).

3 Basic Preconditions and Basic Requirements

The application of a relining procedure always presupposes that a reduction in cross-section can
be accepted. The rehabilitation object must be, at least in the short term, stable and must allow the
application of the interior liner (inliner). Therefore relining cannot be applied for the following types
of damage unless these are completely or partially corrected and the resultant consequences are
accepted:

- collapse
- positional deviation (vertical, horizontal)
- cross-sectional deformation
- obstructions in the cross-section.

Relining is applicable for the normal operational conditions for wastewater sewers (Wastewater in
accordance with ATV Standard A 115, DIN 1986, Pt. 3). Operational conditions which deviate (e.g.
industrial production waters) require a specific selection of material.

Fundamentally, one has to reckon with a limitation of operations during the construction period
(e.g. temporary placing out of service).

The sewer rehabilitated by using relining must, in accordance with the generally recognised rules
of technology, be watertight, stable and resistant to physical, chemical and biological attack by the
wastewater and also capable of resistance against mechanical attack through sewer cleaning.

4 Planning and Task Preparation

ATV Advisory Leaflet M 143, Pt. 1, "Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and Replacement of Sewers
and Drains - Principles", in Sect. 8 contains notes for the planning and task preparation which are
also to be observed with the application of relining procedures.

---------------------
1) The terms "connections" and "house drains": see DIN 1986, Pt 1. Referred to below collectively as "sewers".

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 ATV-A 143-3 E

5 Relining Methods
5.1 Brief Description

5.1.1 Pipe Relining

Pipe relining is classified as the drawing in or insertion of pipes into existing sewers. The following
methods are differentiated:

Short pipe relining takes place via existing shafts

Long pipe relining takes place via open cut
Pipeline relining as a rule takes place via open cut with pipes which are longer than the
open cut

5.1.2 Wound Tube Relining

With wound pipe relining a circular, spiral pipe is wound from a band-shaped profile and at the
same time introduced into the existing sewer. The feeding together of the band-shaped profile is
interlocking in the form of a tongue and groove joint, whereby, additionally, welding or gluing can
take place.

5.1.3 Hose Relining

A hose made of carrier material, which can be covered with foil is soaked in a reaction resin, which
is then, via a shaft, turned inside-out in the sewer using water or air pressure, or is drawn into the
sewer with the aid of a winch. Hardening takes place at normal temperature using the addition of
heat or UV-light under internal pressure. A sleeveless liner results which must closely fit the
existing sewer positively and which can be bonded to it.
5.2 Materials
Fundamentally all materials suitable for wastewater can be applied.

Up until now the pipe materials listed in Table 1 have, inter alia, been used for pipe relining. Details
on the characteristics of the pipes should be taken from the applicable standard specifications.

Table 1: Pipe materials and Standard Specifications

Material In accordance with

PE-HD DIN 19537
PP DIN (=/( (Basic form)
DIN 19565
PVC-U DIN 19534
Fibre cement DIN 19840/19850
Vitrified clay DIN EN 295
PC -

Inter alia, previously PVC-U or PVC-HI, based on DIN 8061 (Basic Standard Specification), have
been employed for wound pipes. With hose relining resins, carrier and reinforced materials as well
as additives in accordance with DIN 18820 have been used.
5.3 Areas of Employment

5.3.1 Types of Sewer

Pipe and hose relining can be carried out in man-accessible and non-accessible sewers of any
cross-section both with free-flow as well as with pressure pipelines.

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The applicability of hose relining is limited in the man-accessible range through the weight of the
hose to be moved and static boundary conditions.

Wound pipe lining is applied primarily in circular form in free-flow sewers of any shape of cross-
section.

5.3.2 Forms of Damage

Relining can be used with all forms of damage (see ATV Advisory Leaflet M 143, Pt. 1, Sect. 5) if
the damaged pipes have a sufficiently large cross-section or if this can be produced beforehand.
With the forms of damage of flow obstruction, positional deviation, deformation beyond the
permitted value with statically flexible pipes, formation of fragments, burst pipes and collapse pipe
relining is applicable to a limited extent only so that special consideration is necessary.

As with hose relining, the internal liner lies along the sewer wall, the cross-sectional shape of the
liner corresponds with that of the sewer to be rehabilitated. With appropriate forms of damage
there can be deviation from the original cross-sectional shape which are to be taken into account
specially with static verification. Analogously this applies for pipeline relining insofar as the liner lies
along the sewer wall.

5.3.3 Object for Damage Repair

The object for damage repair is a sewer which has to be rehabilitated which is of at least section
length. The applicability of different methods depends on the characteristics of the object to be
rehabilitated (see Table 2).

5.4 Implementation

5.4.1 Preliminary Tasks

A thorough inspection of the sewer to be rehabilitated, an exact survey of the side inlets and a
monitoring of cross-section are prerequisites for the implementation. Obstructions are to be
removed, the sewer is to be cleaned and calibrated. During the period of construction the sewer
runoff capability is to be maintained and action is to be taken for the discharge of wastewater from
side inlets.

5.4.2 Procedure
With pipe relining the pipes are drawn or inserted into the sewer to be rehabilitated. Connection of
the pipes takes place either within the sewer to be rehabilitated or on the outside. With wound pipe
procedures a spiral pipe is produced on site from a shaft and is inserted into the sewer by rotation.
In both cases the pipe must finally be fixed in its position. With relining procedures with annular
space this must be filled in (see Sect. 6.1).

With hose relining a hose is introduced into the sewer and hardened into an inliner, whereby the
hardening process is observed by measurement (e.g. temperature change) and should be
documented.

Side inlets are connected with all methods using a special process (see Sect. 6.3). Connections to
structures are to be made permanent and leakproof.

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 Table 2: Applicability dependent on the object for rehabilitation

Characteristics Relining procedure

of the pipe to be Pipe relining Wound pip relining Hose relining
rehabilitated Indepen- Depen- Not Remarks Indepen- Depen- Not Remarks Indepen- Depen- Not Remarks
dent dent appli- dent dent appli- dent dent appli-
cable cable cable
Type of material x - - - -
Condition of the x Danger of x Danger of damage x Danger of damage
pipe wall damage for the for the pipe which for the hose which is
pipe to be is to be inserted to be inserted
inserted
Shape of cross- x - x Inliner circular x Special solutions
section cross-section only possible with
deviation from the
circular
Cross-sectional x Dependent on x Normally in the x x Normally in the non-
dimensions the material of non-accessible accessible area
the pipe to be area
inserted
Bends and x Dependent on x - x Dependent on the
curves the size of radius size of radius and
and angle, and angle, and on the
on the material of material of the pipe
the pipe to be to be inserted
inserted
Section length x - x - x -
Structures x - x - x -
Lateral inlets x Dependent on x Dependent on type x Dependent on type
type and and condition of and condition of
condition of bonding bonding
bonding
Type of soil x - x - x -
Groundwater x With filling of the x With filling of the x -
level annular space annular space
danger of mixing danger of mixing or
or segregation of segregation of the
the filling material filling material
Bedding x Applicable with x Applicable with x Applicable with

ATV-A 143-3 E
conditions sufficient bedding sufficient bedding sufficient bedding
Free-flow or x - x Primarily for gravity x
April 1993

gravity pipelines pipelines

7
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5.4.3 Tests and Final Tasks

On Completion of the tasks the sewer, if required, is to be cleaned and inspected optically.

Before the rehabilitated sewer is taken into service a test for watertightness should be carried out.
This should give assurance that the inliner and all subsequently produced connections are
leakproof. Free-flow pipelines are to be tested with water in accordance with or based on DIN 4033
in combination with ATV Standard A 139; pressure pipelines in accordance with or based on DIN
4279.

As with wound pipe and hose relining the inliner is produced on site further tests are necessary
such as, for example, with wound pipe relining circular rigidity and with hose relining wall
thickness, flexural strength and bending modulus of elasticity. For these suitable samples are to be
taken from the inliner.

Finally the runoff capability is to be re-established to its full scope.

6 Notes

6.1 Filling of the Annular Space

A remaining annular space is filled in, in order, inter alia, to achieve:

- fastening of the inliner,

- avoidance of infiltration of soil and water,
- establishment of a definite bedding in the sewer,
- even transfer of external loads,
- avoidance of hazardous gas pockets.

6.1.1 Materials
Sands, fluid hydraulically binding materials and foaming masses are, for example, used as filling
materials. The materials used must be environmentally friendly, permanent and stable. With
application the material must not separate and must be capable of providing a space-free filling.
With fluid materials a compression resistance of at least 1 N/mm2 is to be maintained.

6.1.2 Procedure
At the start and end of the section to be filled in the annular space is to be closed off so that the
pressure of filling can be accepted and the filling process can be controlled. In order to avoid
positional changes of the inliner during the filling process it is to be anchored against lifting. The
filling of the annular space usually takes place from the lowest point of the section to be filled in.
Care is to be taken to provide sufficient ventilation.

Filling pressure and rate are to be so adjusted that a complete filling is achieved and the inliner,
including connections and seals, can accept the filling pressure without damage. During the filling
process the inliner should be filled with water.

Precautions against the accidental filling of neighbouring open spaces, such as, for example,
sewers, pipelines, etc. are to be taken.

6.1.3 Verification
Safety against lifting is to be verified. The filling pressure and/or the expansion pressure of foaming
materials is to be taken into account with the static calculation for the verification of buckling safety.

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6.1.4 Tests
The actual filling quantity must at least correspond with the calculated quantity. The filling material
must be free of bubbles at the outlet opening, must not separate or mix with the groundwater and
must be capable of being checked, using samples, for the maintenance of the material
characteristic values (e.g. density, degree of shrinkage, stability).

6.2 Statics

6.2.1 General Information

A verifiable static calculation of the inliner is part of the preparation for damage repair using
relining.

For the formulation of the loading of an inliner it is to be decided whether the stability of the sewer
to be rehabilitated still exists. Here one can differentiate only between stable and unstable. Inter
alia it can be assessed by:

- optical inspection,
- material and soil examinations,
- static post-calculation.

Further criteria are given in ATV Advisory Leaflet M 143, Pt. 1, Sect. 7.

6.2.2 Calculations
For all relevant construction and operational conditions at least the following verification is to be
carried out:

With rigid pipes: stress detection

with flexible pipes: deformation, stability and, if required, stress verification

Insofar as it is practical, verification is to be carried out based on ATV Standards A 127 and A 161.
The material characteristic values are to be provably verified insofar as they cannot be extracted
from Table 3 of ATV Standard A 127.

The annular space filling may only be applied for the transfer of compression stresses on to the
inliner. It is not taken into account with other verifications.

With the dimensioning of the inliner there are two load cases to be differentiated:

Load case 1
The sewer to be rehabilitated is stable. The inliner is subject only to external and/or internal water
pressure.

Load case 2
The sewer to be rehabilitated is unstable. The inliner is subject to all external and internal loading
cases.

A distribution of the loading on to the inliner and on to the sewer to be rehabilitated is to be

excluded due to the usually different materials and the uncertain carrier relationships.

With the determination of loading the following are to be taken into account:

- earth and traffic load,

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 ATV-A 143-3 E
- own weight and water filling,
- if required, groundwater and internal pressure

6.3 Side Inlets

Side inlets are connected using a special procedure. If the connection is produced externally in an
open cut, the damaged pipe is to be opened as with a window and the inserted inliner is to be
exposed. The connection is made using a suitable connection piece. If the connection is made
internally or externally without open cut, suitable procedures are necessary. In the man-accessible
range side inlets can be integrated from inside directly in situ.

6.4 Quoted Standard Specifications and Standards

6.4.1 DIN Standard Specifications

DIN EN 295 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers
DIN 1986 Drainage and sewerage systems for buildings and plots of land - Part 3, Rules for
service and maintenance
DIN 4033 Entwässerungskanäle und -leitungen [Sewers and drains]
DIN 4279 Testing of pressure pipelines for water by internal pressure
DIN 8061 Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride pipes (PVC-U)
DIN 8078 Polypropylene (PP) pipes
DIN 18820 Glass fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester (GF-UP) and phenacrylic (GF-PHA)
resin structural composites
DIN 19534 Rohre und Formstücke aus weichmacherfreiem Polyvinylchlorid (PVC-Hart)
[Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride pipes and fittings (PVC-rigid)]
DIN 19537 High density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes and fittings for sewers and drains
DIN 19565 Centrifugally cast and filled polyester resin glass fibre reinforced (UP-GF) pipes and
fittings for buried drains and sewers.
DIN 19840 Faserzement - Abflußrohre und Formstücke für Abwasserleitungen [Fibre cement
soil pipes and fittings for drains]
DIN 19850 Asbestos cement pipes and fittings for drains an sewers

6.4.2 ATV Rules and Standards Wastewater – Wastes

ATV A 115 Information on the Discharge of Wastewater into Public Sewer Facilities
ATV A 127 Standards for the Structural Calculation of Drains and Sewers
ATV A 139 Standards for the Fabrication of Sewers and Drains
ATV A 161 Structural Calculation of Driven Pipes
ATV M 143 Inspection, Repair, Rehabilitation and Replacement of Sewers and Drains
Part 1: Principles

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