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FEASIBILITY STUDY
COMPONENT 3 – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
ANNEX 2 – BASIC DESIGN
DESIGN FOR IMPROVING LEACHATE TREATMENT PLANT
JUNE - 2010
Nha Trang ESP FS Component 3 – Phụ lục - 5/2010
PMU Nha Trang Fichtner GmbH & Co. KG
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION.................................................................................................................3
VI. CONSCLUSION.............................................................................................................................18
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Nha Trang ESP FS Component 3 – Phụ lục - 5/2010
PMU Nha Trang Fichtner GmbH & Co. KG
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
I. DESIGN TASKS
Jan Feb Match April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Yearly
Average
40,2 17,8 57,1 35,8 135,9 49 41,3 56,78 220 419,8 418,5 254,2 1746
month
The months with the high rainfall from September to December, average 325
mm/day.
According to landfill design, all leachate which is generated will be stored within
landfill, and collected to treatment station in accordance with design capacity
average year. Storing leachte with a long time in landfill greatly contribute to
decompose organic matters which are created by acid phase and reduced organic
concentration (BOD5 và COD) at input of leachte treatment station/ plant. Daily
evaporation is estimated 0.5 mm in the dry season (due to without water on the
landfill surface) and about 1.5 mm in the rainy season (due to having more water on
surface in this season).
Total area of the rainwater square by land filling period is 3 hectares. Thus, the total
rainfall will be changed into leachate with an average capacity 119m3/day (see
calculations in annex).
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Nha Trang ESP FS Component 3 – Phụ lục - 5/2010
PMU Nha Trang Fichtner GmbH & Co. KG
Leachate generated by the organic matters will enter the reaction, calculated by the
following formula:
Thus, the total leachate generated from Luong Hoa Landfill = 119+14=133m3/day.
Ru Ri dumpsite
With the same description which be mentioned above, excluding the evaporation,
there is no generation of young leachate from solid waste. The total area of rainwater
square is 6 hectares. Thus, the flowrate generated after closing Ru Ri dumpsite is 36
m3/day.
All leachate from Ru Ri will be transported to Luong Hoa Landfill to treat together
with the one generated from this area.
Total leachate will be treated at Luong Hoa Landfill is: 133 + 36 = 169m 3/day. The
treatment station/ plant will be designed with safety factor 10%. The total of design
flow: 169m3/day x 1,1=186m3/day.
Leachate was stored around 9 months (270days) in the landfill, then treated when
the operation is stable. Thus, the leachate compositions with parameters showed in
Table 1.1, as follows:
EFFLUENT
No. PARAMETERS UNIT INFLUENT (COLUMM B2 –
QCVN 25:2009)
1 Flow Q m3 186 -
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Nha Trang ESP FS Component 3 – Phụ lục - 5/2010
PMU Nha Trang Fichtner GmbH & Co. KG
2 pH - 6,5 – 8,5 -
Source: Main Report - Feasibility Study FS3 – Comp.3 – Solid waste Management, 2010
To design leachate treatment station/ plant of Luong Hoa Landfill, capacity 186 m3/
day.
- Operation is simple;
The design of the project is carried out in accordance with Vietnamese environment
criteria and standards in terms of technology and environmental management:
According to design of the treatment plant in phase 1, the processing steps are
mainly anaerobic lake, aerobic lake and plantation pond. This is a three treatment
steps of biological process with foible is difficult to achive organic concentration of
QCVN 25:2009, column B. The second foible is not removed Nitrogen concentration
to meet the above standard. One other weakness is the ability to emit odour in
anaerobic lake (Lake 1).
Thus, to solve the foibles of the proposed treatment process in phase 1, the design
which is selected to improve leachate treatment station is the appropriate technology
with using the existing works and the lowest investment, at the same time minimizing
operating costs and as well as achiving standards. Improved process technology is a
combination of physicochemical and biological process to treate leachate to meet the
current standards.
- Pre-treatment: including collection pit and the lime mixing tank. Leachate is
collected and stabilized on influent concentration.
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Nha Trang ESP FS Component 3 – Phụ lục - 5/2010
PMU Nha Trang Fichtner GmbH & Co. KG
Be anticipated to
06 2 aerator (90 kg/O2/h) 45 KW/motor
purchase
- Gas distribution system and blowers (fan and aerator) for Stripping towers
and biological lakes I and II.
- The pumps system of fresh leachate from collection pit, sludge pumps.
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Nha Trang ESP FS Component 3 – Phụ lục - 5/2010
PMU Nha Trang Fichtner GmbH & Co. KG
Thus, the component of design constructions leachate treatment will be based on the
existing ones and add new unit works to optimize the quanlity of effluent and
investment cost.
The technical process is showed at Figure 2.1. The relative drawings see at
annexes.
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II.3.1 TECHNICAL PROCESS
Ca(OH)2
L IME MIXING TANK PUMP HOLE 1
NaOH
STRIPPING TOWER 2
Al2(SO4)3
FLOCCULATION TANK SLUDGE TANK
Polymer, HCl
AEROBIC LAKE II
LEGENDS
WATER LINE
RECEIVING BODY
SLUDGE LINE
(COLUMN B2 GAS L INE
QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT)
CHEMICAL LINE
Leachate from Luong Hoa Landfill and Ru Ri dumpsite will be led to collection pit
500m3 at leachate treatment plant. Leachate from Ru Ri dumpsite is considered the
old leachate, the organic matter was significantly reduced. Leachate from Luong Hoa
Landfill was collected after the period of post-acid (saved on average six months in
phase and an average of 9 months from year 2 onwards), so the design influent
concentration is presented as in Table 1.1.
Leachate of the landfill is from anaerobic condition inside the landfill, leachate is
continued to store into collection pit 500m3 with anaerobic condition as well.
Therefore, the nitrogen of leachate is mainly in the form of ammonium (NH4-N). This
is a initial favorable condition for selecting the trapping gas (stripping) to drive NH 3
out of leachate.
First, leachate will be pumped up to the lime and sodium hydroxide mixing tank. The
goal is to increase pH greater than 7. Here, the separation of NH 3 will occur by the
equation:
Adding more lime and soda (OH-) will bias the equation (1) to the right and NH3 will
be gas form in water. With Henry's constant of NH3 in water estimated at 0.75 atm
(mol water/mol air), thus it could be separate NH 3 out of water by trapping (stripping).
The amount of lime added in this step helps to increase pH and is the flocculation
matter for the next step.
Leachate which increased pH > 10 from lime and soda mixing tank will be pumped
up to Stripping tower 1 and be distributed evenly over the surface throughout the
branch duct holes. Leachate is distributed evenly from the top to down throughout
the layers of ceramic materials as Raschig rings (specific area of 132 m2/m3), clean
air is pumped from below and contact with water line then drag NH3 out of leachate.
Leachate at the bottom of the tower is continued to pump to soda/caustic tank. Here,
soda is added to keep pH greater than 10. Leachate from soda tank is pumped up to
stripping tower 2 and distributed evenly across the ceramic materials as stripping
tower 1. Clean air is pumped up from bottom to drag most of the residual NH3. Here,
the calculated amount of amonia reduced to less than 40mg/l. The residual amonia
will be involved in processing in the next biological lakes. The rate of clean air / water
from 200 to 250:1 by volume. The height of ceramic material layer is 30cm. Number
of layers is five per tower.
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Leachate after striping tower 2 will be pumped up to flocculation tank, here an
amount of aluminum alum, HCl, polimer will be added to reduce the pH to neutral
levels. Flocculation process, coagulation and sedimentation also occurs in this tank.
A large amount of suspended solid (SS) and organic matter will be removed through
the sludge at the bottom of the tank. Estimation of COD concentration will be less
than 1000mg/l after this step. The amount of sludge which is separated will be stored
into sludge tank and move up to the landfill periodically.
Leachate after flocculation tank will be led to Aerobic pond 1, here aerobic biological
processes takes place. An aerator will provide enough oxygen for microbial activities.
The need of oxygen for this pond is about 95kg/day. Hydraulic retention time is
estimated from 81 to 90 days. BOD concentration after an aerobic biological tanks
<100 mg / l.
Leachate after Aerobic Lake 1 continues to flow through the Anerobic Pond 2.
Demand of Oxygen for this pondis around 35kg/day. The process also occurs as
lake 1 with the same hydraulic retention time from 81-90 days. BOD concentrations
after aerobic biological lake 2 reaches below 50 mg/l.
Leachate after Aerobic Lake 2 continues to flow through the Plant Pond 3. Here the
biological treatment process also occurs. Hydraulic retention time in lakes from 50 to
54 days. The natural biological processes occur in lake help thoroughly treated
organic matter content and the residual nitrogen after going through the biological
treatment facilities before. After this last plants lake, the effluent concentration will
meet QCVN 25:2009, column B2.
Processing system is automated about 70%, in which using probes pH to add soda
and acid for the physiochemical process, using probe DO to supply oxygen for the
biological lakes and the water level float to operate the pump. Manually operating is
mainly in the case damaged probes, preparation of chemicals in tanks, sample tests,
chemical dose adjustment on PLC control panel, moving the sludge up to landfill,
cleaning the probes, machines maintenance.
III. UNIT WORKS DIMENSION
Main unit works dimension of additional parts of leachate treatment plant is listed in
the table 3.1
Table 3.1 Dimension of additional unit works of the leachate treatment plant
11
3m x 3m x 2.5
Cost
No WORK Unit Amount Unit price
(VND)
2 Intermediate tank 1
Dimension: Length x Width x Height
Tank 1 22,000,000 22,000,000
= 3m x 2,5m x 2,5m
Material: concrete #25
Intermediate tank 3
Foundation platform
236,500,00
Total construction cost
0
13
No WORK Unit Amount Unit price Cost
Volume: 1m3
5 Chemical pump
6 Chemical bin
Volume: 4m3
14
No WORK Unit Amount Unit price Cost
Producer: OM (Japan) or
equivalent
8 Compressor
9 Tripping tower
Dimension: D x H = 2,86m x 9m
Material: CT3 steel, thickness:
4mm,
- 2 sides epoxy painting,
Set 2 175,000,000 350,000,000
- internal lining of composite (for
anti-corrosive),
- external normal paint.
Can be made in Viet Nam
Buffer material: ceramic raschig
ring 13m3
15
No WORK Unit Amount Unit price Cost
1,013,500,00
Sum I & II
0
No Item cost
16
3 Transportation and labor = 55,000,000
Note:
The operation costs estimated are electricity, chemical consumed not including
manpower. The manpower cost should cover the general landfill operation cost.
However, 2 persons are suggested working two shift (a day) look after the leachate
treatment plant.
5 Compressor 1.5 1 4 6
Sum 580.8
Electricity cost per day: 580.8 KWh x 1,000 VND/KWh= 580,800 VND
Monthly cost:
The warranty time for construction element is warranted by constructor that signed by
employer. It should be at least a year.
VI. CONSCLUSION
The improving leachate treatment design has utilizes the most recently experiences
on the field of municipal waste management including leachate treatment for tropical
regions. This basic design has considers all technical aspect and also minimize the
cost construction and operation.
Therefore, it would like to ask relevant Department and Organization to consider and
approve the design that in order to implement construction leachate treatment as it’s
would be harmonization in the overall context of the project.
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