c

The Renaissance,
Reformation, and Age of
Exploration
By: Becca Williams
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c
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 The Renaissance, Reformation and Age of Exploration
c c
John Calvin establishes theocratic regime in Geneva
c c

P
c c

Economy grew through The Commercial Revolution; Capital

E is invested in to produce more capital; Mercantilism = colony

existed for the benefit of a mother country.

Secularism; Indulgences misused to get money;people

R believed they were predestined and already set to go to

heaven or not; Lutheranism, Henry VIII.

Black Death killed off many of Europe·s population and

S financial business was disrupted

I Machiavelli; Humanism; Petrarch = father of humanism

A People wanted art that showed joy in human beauty and in

life·s pleasures; Leonardo daVinci

 Key People from the Renaissance, Reformation, and Age of
Exploration

.c Leonardo da Vinci(
’

 ² very famous and influential

artist, inventor, & architect
.cNicolaus Copernicus(
’ 
’  ² Published the theory that
the earth was not the center of the universe and changed
ideas thereafter
.cJohn Calvin(
 ²

’ ² leader of protestant revolution,
agreed with Luther·s ideas
’.cMartin Luther(
’ ²
’
 ² changed beliefs that the services
of a pope and church were necessary, reformed church, 
Theses
.cChristopher Columbus(
’
²

 ² discovery of the new
world began age of exploration

.cHenry VIII(
’
²
’ ² separated English from Roman

Catholic church, got rid of monasteries
.cUlrich Zwingli(
’’ ²

 ² his ideas lead to a war and
outrage between the people
.cDesiderius Erasmus(
’

²

 ² influenced Reformation
movement by the Protestants
.cWilliam Tyndale (
’’

 ² captain of the Army of
Reformers

.c John Wycliffe(

’ ² helped launch Protestant
Reformation

 Key Terms from the Renaissance, Reformation, and Age of
Exploration

.c Humanism (
’

 ² philosophy that all humans are rational
beings, dignity and worth of the individual was emphasized.
.c Secularism(
’th

th century ² outlook that stated religion shouldn·t
interfere with living life to its fullest or having material things,
intensified individuals in many ways.
.c Royal Council (
’
 ² King Henry VII·s inner circle of nobility
and center of royal authority, handled certain aspects of business for
the king.
’.c Pluralism(
’

 ² many clerics held multiple offices at one point
in time, which led to less focus and success in certain offices.
.c The Ninetyfive Theses (

 ² challenged the teachings of the
Catholic Church, the abuse of indulgences was then exposed.

.c Twelve Articles(
 ² expressed peasants grievances about their

situation.
.c Predestination (N A ² people cannot work to achieve salvation; it
was already predetermined by God, forced people to get through
hardships against evil.
.c Union of Utrecht(
 ² seven Northern provinces formed an
alliance and declared independence from Spain.
.c Edict of Nantes (
 ²gave religious freedom to the Huguenots.

.cAnabaptists (N A ² believed only adults can make a choice about
religion and baptism, did not believe in baptizing infants.

 Essay Questions

.c Why did the Protestant Reformation have a major impact on the
development of western civilization in the sixteenth century?
.c How did the motivations and impacts of Henry VIII, John Calvin, and
Martin Luther differ economically, socially and politically?
  MultipleChoice Questions

.c Which statement best describes a characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe?

.c the social structure became very rigid
.c creativity in the arts was encouraged
.c the political structure was similar to that of the Roman Empire
’.c humanism decreased in importance
.c none of the above
.c Which statement describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on Western
Europe?

.c the philosophy of humanism brought about a decrease in the power of
the Roman Catholic Church
.c art began to reflect an increased emphasis on religious themes
.c nationalistic movements among the minority ethnic groups in the region
declines
’.c the feudal system was developed to provide stability in a decentralized
political structure
.c all of the above
.c ´Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason... my conscience is
captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will hot recant anything, for to go
against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand, I cannot do
otherwise.µ ³Martin Luther, Diet of Worms (



When Martin Luther said ´my conscience is captive to the Word of God,µ he
was referring to his belief in

.c the supremacy of the Bible over Church policies

.c imprisoning those who disagreed with Church teachings
.c maintaining the unity of the Church
’.c the need for nepotism
.c Sesame Street characters
’.c According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be

.c acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
.c considered an economic burden for the colonial power
.c grated independence as soon as possible
’.c encouraged to develop their own industries
.c mean to the others
.c Which was a result of the Protestant Reformation in Europe?

.c the Catholic Church accepted the dominance of the new Protestant
religions in Italy, France, and Germany
.c Spain became a predominately Protestant nation
.c Catholic Church leaders refused to make any changes in church practices
’.c the power of the Catholic Church in Europe was weakened
.c none of the above