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Basis For Ayurvedic Philosophy

Concept of Tri-Dosha
In Ayurvedic philosophy, the five elements combine in pairs to form three dynamic forces or interactions called
doshas. Dosha means "that which changes." It is a word derived from the root dus, which is equivalent to the
English prefix 'dys', such as in dysfunction, dystrophy, etc. In this sense, dosha can be regarded as a fault,
mistake, error, or a transgression against the cosmic rhythm. The doshas are constantly moving in dynamic
balance, one with the others. Doshas are required for the life to happen. In Ayurveda, dosha is also known as the
governing principles as every living thing in nature is characterized by the dosha.

The three active doshas are called Vata, Pitta and Kapha.

Dosha
Related Elements

Vata
Air and Ether

Pitta
Fire and Water

Kapha
Water and Earth

Vata is a force conceptually made up of elements ether and air. The proportions of ether and air determine
how active Vata is. The amount of ether (space) affects the ability of the air to gain momentum. If
unrestricted, as in ocean, air can gain momentum and become forceful such as a hurricane.

Vata means "wind, to move, flow, direct the processes of, or command." Vata enables the other two doshas
to be expressive. The actions of Vata are drying, cooling, light, agitating, and moving.

Vata governs breathing, blinking of the eyelids, movements in the muscles and tissues, pulsations in the
heart, all expansion and contraction, the movements of cytoplasm and the cell membranes, and the
movement of the single impulses in nerve cells. Vata also governs such feelings and emotions as
freshness, nervousness, fear, anxiety, pain, tremors, and spasms. The primary seat or location of the Vata
in the body is the colon. It also resides in the hips, thighs, ears, bones, large intestine, pelvic cavity, and
skin. It is related to the touch sensation. If the body develops an excess of vata, it will accumulate in these
areas.

CHARACTERISTICS OF VATA TYPES

Here are some of the common characteristics of people who have a predominantly Vata constitution.
Creativity, mental quickness

Highly imaginative

Quick to learn and grasp new knowledge, but also quick to forget

Sexually easily excitable but quickly satiated

Slenderness; lightest of the three body types

Talk and walk quickly

Tendency toward cold hands and feet, discomfort in cold climates

Excitable, lively, fun personality

Changeable moods

Irregular daily routine

Variable appetite and digestive efficiency

High energy in short bursts; tendency to tire easily and to overexert

Full of joy and enthusiasm when in balance

Respond to stress with fear, worry, and anxiety, especially when out of balance

Tendency to act on impulse

Often have racing, disjointed thoughts

Generally have dry skin and dry hair and don't perspire much

Typical health problems include headaches, hypertension, dry coughs, sore throats, earaches, anxiety,
irregular heart rhythms, muscle spasms, lower back pain, constipation, abdominal gas, diarrhea, nervous
stomach, menstrual cramps, premature ejaculation and other sexual dys-functions, arthritis. Most
neurological disorders are related to Vata imbalance.

Physical Features

People of vata constitution are generally physically underdeveloped. Their chests are flat and their veins
and muscle tendons are visible. The complexion is brown, the skin is cold, rough, dry and cracked.
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Vata people generally are either too tall or too short, with thin frames which reveal prominent joints and
bone-ends because of poor muscle development. The hair is curly and scanty, the eyelashes are thin and
the eyes lusterless. The eyes may be sunken, small, dry, and active. The nails are rough and brittle. The
shape of the nose is bent and turned-up.

Physiologically, the appetite and digestion are variable. Vata people loves sweet, sour and salty tastes and
like hot drinks. The production of urine is scanty and the feces are dry, hard and small in quantity. They
have a tendency to perspire less than other constitutional types. Their sleep may be disturbed and they will
sleep less than the other types. Their hands and feet are often cold.

Psychologically, they are characterized by short memory but quick mental understanding. They will
understand something immediately, but will soon forget it. They have little willpower, tend toward mental
instability and possess little tolerance, confidence or boldness. Their reasoning power is weak and these
people are nervous, fearful and afflicted by much anxiety.

Vata people tend to earn money quickly and also to spend it quickly. Thus, they tend to remain poor.

Indications of balanced vata influences are mental alertness and abundance of creative energy, good
elimination of waste matters from the body, sound sleep, a strong immune system, enthusiasm, emotional
balance, and orderly functioning of the body's systems.

Signs of Vata Dosha Imbalance:

There are a number of tell tale signs of dosha imbalance. Some persons will get very angry. Some get
depressed, etc. Here is a summary of the signs of vata imbalance:

Worried

Tired, yet can't relax, Fatigue, poor stamina

Nervous, Can't concentrate

Anxious, fearful

Agitated mind

Impatient, Antsy or hyperactive

Spaced out

Self-defeating

Shy, insecure, Restless

Cannot make decisions

Weight loss, under weight

Insomnia; wake up at night and can't go back to sleep

Generalized aches, sharp pains, Arthritis, stiff and painful joints

Agitated movement

Very sensitive to cold

Nail biting

Rough, flaky skin, Chapped lips

Fainting spells

Heart palpitations

Constipation, Intestinal bloating, gas, Belching, hiccups

Dry, sore throat, Dry eyes

In summary, if you are suffering from anxiety, worry, a tendency to overexertion, insomnia, chronic
tiredness, mental and emotional depression, physical tension and other symptoms of stress, a weakened
immune system, headaches, underweight, constipation, skin dryness, mental confusion, emotional conflict,
inability to make decisions, impulsiveness, fast and disconnected speech, fantasy, illusions, and sensations
of being lighthearted and removed from thoughts, feelings, or circumstances, then there is a very good sign
that your vata is aggravated. Follow the dietary guidelines given to balance vata dosha.

Warm milk is good. You can add a little sugar or honey to it if you prefer. Avoid eating candies as it disturbs
vata.

Prefer salted nuts that are heavy and oily as opposed to dry salty snacks.

All sweet fruits are Ok for vata. Avoid unripe fruits as they are astringent

Take warm or hot water instead of ice water and drinks.

Summary: Breakfast is usually desirable. Hot foods and sweet and sour tastes. Reduce dry foods and bitter
tastes. Warm or hot water and drinks. Raw nuts and nut butters. Spices: cinnamon, cardamom, cumin,
ginger, cloves in moderation.

General Tips on Health and Wellness For Vata Types

The Vatas find it very difficult to maintain regular habits, that is, to eat and sleep at regular times. But this is
the most important thing for them to do. When Vata is out of balance this may feel almost impossible, but
an effort to establish a regular routine is very important for all people with a Vata body type. Rest
sufficiently, and choose foods, behaviors, personal relationships, and environmental circumstances which
can be instrumental in balancing vata characteristics. It is also important to regulate mental and physical
5

impulses and to modify mental attitudes, emotional states, and behaviors in supportive ways.

Sweet, sour, and salty tastes decrease vata influences, so include these tastes if vata influences need to be
diminished. Milk, wheat, rice, and some fruits and berries can provide sweet and sour tastes.

Regular exercise should be relaxed and moderate. Hatha yoga practice in a meditative mood is good, as
are t'ai chi, walking, and swimming. Avoid strenuous, competitive, frantic activities.

When possible, associate with people who are calmly purposeful. Meditate every day for deep relaxation.

Indications of balanced vata influences are mental alertness and abundance of creative energy, good
elimination of waste matters from the body, sound sleep, a strong immune system, enthusiasm, emotional
balance, and orderly functioning of the body's systems.

A Food Plan to Balance Vata Dosha

These guidelines can be used for vata mind-body constitutions, to maintain dosha balance, and to restore
balance if necessary, regardless of the basic constitution. Vata influences the movement of thoughts,
feelings, prana flows, nerve impulses, and fluids in the body.

Favor:

Warm food, moderately heavy textures, added butter and fat.

Salt, sour, and sweet tastes; Soothing and satisfying foods.

All soothing foods are good for settling disturbed Vata. Use foods such as: warm milk, cream, butter, warm
soups, stews, hot cereals, fresh baked bread. Since vata is a cold dry dosha, warm, nourishing foods such
as these are good for stabilizing vata. On the other hand cold foods such as cold salads, iced drinks, raw
vegetables and greens are not very good for persons with vata imbalance.

Breakfast is highly recommended. Use hot cereals such as cream of rice or wheat or any other breakfast
that is warm, milky, and sweet.

Take a hot or herbal tea with snacks in the late afternoon. Avoid drinks with high caffeine as vata gets
disturbed by it.

Use spicy foods such as spicy Mexican or Indian foods that are cooked in oil.

Use warm moist foods such as cooked grains and cereals, bowl of hot oatmeal or cup of steaming
vegetable soup.

Warm milk is good. You can add a little sugar or honey to it if you prefer. Avoid eating candies as it disturbs
vata.

Prefer salted nuts that are heavy and oily as opposed to dry salty snacks.

All sweet fruits are Ok for vata. Avoid unripe fruits as they are astringent
Take warm or hot water instead of ice water and drinks.

Summary: Breakfast is usually desirable. Hot foods and sweet and sour tastes. Reduce dry foods and bitter
tastes. Warm or hot water and drinks. Raw nuts and nut butters. Spices: cinnamon, cardamom, cumin,
ginger, cloves in moderation.

Food Classified By Group

Vegetables | Fruits | Grains | Dairy | Meat | Beans | Oils | Sweeteners | Nuts and Seeds | Herbs and Spices
Vegetables

Favor
Reduce or Avoid

cooked vegetables
asparagus
beets
carrots
cucumber
garlic
green beans
onions, cooked
onions, cooked
sweet potato
radishes
turnips
leafy greens in moderation
broccoli
Brussels sprouts
cabbage
cauliflower
celery
eggplant
leafy green vegetables
mushrooms
peas
peppers
potatoes
sprouts
tomatoes
zucchini
Note: The above vegetables are OK if cooked with oil except cabbage and sprouts

Avoid raw vegetables, in general

Fruits

Favor
Reduce or Avoid
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sweet fruits
apricots
avocados
bananas
berries
cherries
coconut
fresh figs
grapefruit
lemons
grapes
mangos
sweet melons
sour oranges
papaya
pineapple
peaches
plums
sour fruits
Stewed fruits
Sweet, well-ripened fruit in general
apples
cranberries
pears
pomegranates
The above fruits are OK cooked

Avoid dried fruits, in general and unripe fruit (especially bananas)

Grains

Favor
Reduce or Avoid

oats(as cooked oatmeal cereal, not dry)

cooked rice
wheat
barley
buckwheat
corn
dry oats
millet
rye

Dairy

Favor
Reduce or Avoid

All Dairy is acceptable

Meat

Favor
Reduce or Avoid

chicken
seafood, in general
turkey
All in small quantity
Avoid red meat

Beans

Favor
Reduce or Avoid

chickpeas
mung beans
pink lentils
tofu (small amounts)
All, except as noted.

Oils

Favor
Reduce or Avoid

All oils are acceptable

Sesame oil and olive oil are especially good.

Sweeteners

Favor
Reduce or Avoid

All sweeteners are acceptable

Nuts and Seeds

Favor
Reduce or Avoid

All are acceptable in small amounts. Almonds are best.

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Herbs and Spices

Favor
Reduce or Avoid

Almost all, in moderation, with emphasis on sweet and/or heating herbs and spices, such as:
allspice
anise
asafoetida
basil
bay leaf
black pepper (use sparingly)
caraway
cardamom
cilantro (green coriander)
cinnamon
clove
cumin
fennel
ginger
juniper berries
licorice root
mace
marjoram
mustard
nutmeg
oregano
sage
tarragon
thyme
Avoid using spices in large quantities. Minimize or avoid all bitter and astringent herbs and spices such as:
coriander seed
fenugreek
parsley
saffron
turmeric

If your basic constitution is mixed (vata-pitta or vata-kapha), include portions for the second influential
dosha.

Vata dosha is aggravated and increased during autumn and early winter. During these seasons all mind-
body types can include some of the above foods and decrease others.

Mental and emotional peace and constructive lifestyle routines are important to restoring and maintaining
balance.

General Tips on Health and Wellness For Vata Types

The Vatas find it very difficult to maintain regular habits, that is, to eat and sleep at regular times. But this is
the most important thing for them to do. When Vata is out of balance this may feel almost impossible, but
an effort to establish a regular routine is very important for all people with a Vata body type. Rest
sufficiently, and choose foods, behaviors, personal relationships, and environmental circumstances which
can be instrumental in balancing vata characteristics. It is also important to regulate mental and physical
impulses and to modify mental attitudes, emotional states, and behaviors in supportive ways.

Sweet, sour, and salty tastes decrease vata influences, so include these tastes if vata influences need to be
diminished. Milk, wheat, rice, and some fruits and berries can provide sweet and sour tastes.

Regular exercise should be relaxed and moderate. Hatha yoga practice in a meditative mood is good, as
are t'ai chi, walking, and swimming. Avoid strenuous, competitive, frantic activities.

When possible, associate with people who are calmly purposeful. Meditate every day for deep relaxation.

Indications of balanced vata influences are mental alertness and abundance of creative energy, good
elimination of waste matters from the body, sound sleep, a strong immune system, enthusiasm, emotional
balance, and orderly functioning of the body's systems.

Effect of Constitution Type On Body or Microcosm

Vata Pitta Kapha

Function of the Dosha

(or controls) Movement

Breathing
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Natural Urges

Transformation of the
tissues

Motor functions

Sensory functions

Ungroundedness

Secretions

Excretions

Fear

Emptiness

Anxiety

Thoughts

Life force

Nerve impulses

Body heat

Temperature

Digestion

Perception

Understanding

Hunger

Thirst
 Intelligence

Anger

Hate

Jealousy

Stability

Energy

Lubrication

Forgiveness

Greed

Attachment

Accumulation

Holding

Possessiveness

Manifests in living things The movement of:: Cells which make up our
as organs and fluids which
nerve impulses nourish and protect
them.

air

blood

food

waste

thought
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The quality of
transformation. Pitta
controls the enzymes
that digest our food and
the hormones that
regulate our metabolism.
Pitta transforms the
chemical/electrical
impulses in our mind to
thoughts we can
understand.

Characteristics
cold

light

irregular

mobile

rarefied

dry

rough

hot

light

fluid

subtle

sharp

malodorous

soft

clear
 oily

cold

heavy

stable

dense

smooth

Too much of the dosha

force can result in nerve irritation

high blood pressure

gas

confusion

ulcers

hormonal imbalance

irritated skin (acne)

consuming emotions
(anger)

Mucous build-up in the

sinus and nasal
passages, the lungs and
colon.
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In the mind it creates
rigidity, a fixation of
thought, inflexibility.

Too little dosha force

can result in nerve loss

congestion

constipation

thoughtlessness

indigestion

inability to understand

sluggish metabolism

Experiences a dry
respiratory tract

burning stomach (due to

lack of mucous, which
protects from excess
stomach acids)

inability to concentrate

Where found in a plant flowers and leaves (the Plant's essential oils, Roots (The roots are
parts which reach resins and sap where water is stored.
farthest into air and Roots also stay within
space) the earth.)

Climatic influences Dry climates or cold Hot summers or hot Wet winters and damp
autumn winds increases climates will increase climate add to Kapha.
Vata Pitta

Predominant during the Old age Teen and Adult. Childhood years.
life stage of As we get older, we During this stage, our During this period, we
"shrink and dry out". hormone changes grow or increase in
transforms us into adults substance of the body.
Pitta is a force created by the dynamic interplay of water and fire. These forces represent transformation. They
cannot change into each other, but they modulate or control each other and are vitally required for the life
processes to occur. (For example, too much fire and too little water will result in the boiling away of the water.
Too much water will result in the fire being put out.)

Pitta governs digestion, absorption, assimilation, nutrition, metabolism, body temperature, skin coloration, the
luster of the eyes, intelligence, and understanding. Psychologically, pitta arouses anger, hate, and jealousy. The
small intestine, stomach, sweat glands, blood, fat, eyes, and skin are the seats of Pitta.

The effect of Pitta on our body or microcosm is shown in the table below.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PITTA TYPE

Here are some of the common characteristics of people who have a predominantly Pitta body type.
Medium physique, strong, well-built
Sharp mind, good concentration powers
Orderly, focused
Assertive, self-confident, and entrepreneurial at their best; aggressive, demanding, pushy when out of balance
Competitive, enjoy challenges
Passionate and romantic; sexually have more vigor and endurance than Vatas, but less than Kaphas
Strong digestion, strong appetite; get irritated if they have to miss or wait for a meal
Like to be in command
When under stress, Pittas become irritated and angry
Skin fair or reddish, often with freckles; sunburns easily
Hair usually fine and straight, tending toward blond or red, typically turns gray early; tendency toward baldness
or thinning hair
Uncomfortable in sun or hot weather; heat makes them very tired
Perspire a lot
Others may find them stubborn, pushy, opinionated
Good public speakers; also capable of sharp, sarcastic, cutting speech
Generally good management and leadership ability, but can become authoritarian
Like to spend money, surround themselves with beautiful objects
Subject to temper tantrums, impatience, and anger
Typical physical problems include rashes or inflammations of the skin, acne, boils, skin cancer, ulcers,
heartburn, acid stomach, hot sensations in the stomach or intestines, insomnia, bloodshot or burning eyes and
other vision problems, anemia, jaundice.
Physical Features
These people are of medium height, are slender and body frame may be delicate. Their chests are not as flat as
those of vata people and they show a medium prominence of veins and muscle tendons. The bones are not as
prominent as in the vata individual. Muscle development is moderate.

The pitta complexion may be coppery, yellowish, reddish or fair. The skin is soft, warm and less wrinkled than
vata skin. The hair is thin, silky, red or brownish and there is a tendency toward premature graying of hair and
hair loss. The eyes may be gray, green or cooper-brown and sharp: the eyeballs will be of medium prominence.
The nails are soft. The shape of the nose is sharp and the tip tends to be reddish.
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Physiologically, these people have a strong metabolism, good digestion and resulting strong appetites. The
person of pitta constitution usually takes large quantities of food and liquid. Pitta types have a natural craving for
sweet, bitter and astringent tastes and enjoy cold drinks. Their sleep is of medium duration but uninterrupted.
They produce a large volume of urine and the feces are yellowish, liquid, soft and plentiful. There is a tendency
toward excessive perspiring. The body temperature may run slightly high and hands and feet will tend to be
warm. Pitta people do not tolerate sunlight, heat or hard work well.

Psychologically, pitta people have a good power of comprehension; they are very intelligent and sharp and tend
to be good orators. They have emotional tendencies toward hate, anger and jealousy.

They are ambitious people who generally like to be leaders. Pitta people appreciate material prosperity and they
tend to be moderately well-off financially. They enjoy exhibiting their wealth and luxurious possessions.

Signs of Pitta Aggravation

Angry, Irritable
Hostile, Enraged, Destructive
Impatient
Critical of self and others
Argumentative, Aggressive
Bossy, controlling
Frustrated, Willful, Reckless
Acidity, heartburn, Stomach ulcer
Fitful sleep, Disturbing dreams
Diarrhea, Food allergies
Bad breath, Sour body odor
Very sensitive to heat, Hot flashes
Skin rashes
Boils
Bloodshot eyes
Acne
Weakness due to low blood sugar
Fevers, Night sweats

When you experience symptoms such as, excessive body heat, digestive problems, a tendency to be hostile
or angry and controlling, impatience, a tendency to exert excessive effort to achieve goals, vision difficulties, and
being prone to make errors in judgment because of mental confusion or because passion or emotion blurs
powers of intellectual discernment, there is a good possibility that you are suffering from pitta imbalance.

Indications of balanced pitta influences are strong powers of digestion, vitality, goal-setting inclinations, good
problem-solving skills, keen powers of intelligence, decisiveness, boldness and courage, and a bright
complexion.

General Tips on Health and Wellness For Pitta Persons

Pitta constitutions will be upset by alcohol and cigarettes, as well as by overwork, overexertion, and overheating.
When out of balance, they are susceptible to feeling such negative emotions as hostility, hatred, intolerance, and
jealousy. Therefore it is very important for Pittas to keep cool (literally and figuratively) and to lead a pure and
moderate lifestyle. Choose foods, attitudes, behaviors, personal relationships, and environmental circumstances
which can be instrumental in balancing pitta characteristics.

Because sweet, bitter, and astringent tastes decrease pitta influences, include these in your food plan if pitta
characteristics are too pronounced. Complex carbohydrates, milk, and some fruits are sweet; some green, leafy
vegetables are bitter; beans and some green vegetables are astringent.

Do things that cool the mind, emotions, and body. Avoid conflicts. Cultivate the virtues of honesty, morality,
kindness, generosity, and self-control.

A Food Plan to Balance Pitta Dosha

These guidelines can be used for pitta mind-body constitutions, to maintain dosha balance and to restore balance
if necessary regardless of the basic constitution. Pitta influences digestion and metabolism, body temperature,
and biological transformations.

Favor
Cool or warm but not steaming hot foods
Bitter, sweet, and astringent tastes
As far as practical use less butter and added fat. Consume food with moderately heavy textures.
Since Pittas have strong efficient digestion, they can generally eat just about everything. Most Pittas get into
trouble by continued use of too much salt, overuse of sour and spicy food and overeating.
Take cool, refreshing food in summer. Reduce the consumption of salt, oil, and spices, all of which are
"heating" to the body. Salads are good, so is milk and ice cream.
Avoid pickles, yogurt, sour cream, and cheese. Avoid vinegar in salad dressing; use lemon juice instead.
Alcoholic and fermented foods should be avoided. Their sour Rasa aggravates Pitta. Coffee is also pitta
aggravating due to the acid in coffee. Herb tea is good. Prefer mint, licorice root or other pitta pacifying tea.
Breakfast: Cold cereals, cinnamon toast, and apple tea is a good breakfast for Pitta. Avoid coffee, orange juice
and doughnuts - they aggravate pitta.
The vegetarian foods are the best for pitta. Consuming red meat tend to heat the body from the fat. Consume
abundant amounts of milk, grains and vegetables.
Avoid oily, hot, salty, and heavy foods such as fried food. Instead consume starchy foods such as vegetables,
grains and beans. Avoid the tendency to overeat under stress.
Avoid processed and fast foods as they tend to be heavy on salt and sour tastes. Japanese and Chinese food
are good choices. Avoid highly spicy food such as is found in Mexican restaurants.
To bring down aggravated Pitta, take two teaspoons of ghee (clarified butter) in a glass of warm milk. (Avoid
taking the ghee if you have problem with high cholesterol).
Summary Avoid egg yolks, nuts, hot spices, honey, and hot drinks. Cool foods and drinks are better. Add sweet,
bitter, and astringent tastes. Reduce use of sour tastes. Spices: black pepper, coriander, and cardamom.

Food Classified By Group

Vegetables
Favor Reduce or Avoid
Sweet and bitter vegetables: Beets
Asparagus Carrots
Broccoli Eggplant
Brussels sprouts Garlic
Cabbage Hot peppers
Cauliflower Onions
Celery Radishes
Cucumber Spinach
Green beans Tomatoes
Green (sweet) peppers
Leafy green vegetables
Lettuce
Mushrooms
Okra
Parsley
Peas
Potatoes
Sprouts
Squash
Sweet potatoes
Zucchini

Fruits
Favor Reduce or Avoid
Sweet Fruits: Apricots
Apples Bananas
Avocados Berries
Cherries Cherries (sour)
Coconut Cranberries
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Figs Grapefruit
Dark grapes Papayas
Mangoes Peaches
Melons Persimmons
Oranges Avoid fruits that come to market sour or unripe.
Pears Also avoid fruits such as green grapes,
Pineapples oranges, pineapple and plum unless they are
Plums sweet and ripe.
Prunes
Raisins
Note: Fruits should be sweet and ripe.

Grains
Favor Reduce or Avoid
Barley Brown rice
Oats Corn
Wheat Millet
White rice (prefer basmati rice) Rye

Dairy
Favor Reduce or Avoid
Butter Buttermilk
Egg whites Cheese
Ghee (clarified butter )- unless you are Egg yolks
watching cholesterol Sour cream
Ice cream Yogurt
Milk

Meat
Favor Reduce or Avoid
Chicken Red meat and sea food in general
Shrimp
Turkey
(All in small amounts)

Beans
Favor Reduce or Avoid
Chickpeas Lentils
Mung beans
Tofu and other soybean products

Oils
Favor Reduce or Avoid
Coconut Almond
Olive Corn
Soy Safflower
Sunflower Sesame

Nuts and Seeds

Favor Reduce or Avoid
Coconut All, except as noted
Pumpkin seeds
Sunflower seeds

Sweeteners
Favor Reduce or Avoid
All are acceptable except honey and molasses Honey and
Molasses

Herbs and Spices

Favor Reduce or Avoid
Spices are generally avoided as too heating. In All pungent herbs and spices, except as noted.
small amounts, the following sweet and Take only the minimal amounts of the
astringent spices are OK following:
Cardamom Barbecue sauce
Cilantro(green coriander) Catsup
Cinnamon Mustard
Coriander seed Pickles
Dill Salt
Fennel Sour salad dressings
Mint Spicy condiments
Saffron Vinegar
Turmeric

Plus small amounts of cumin and black pepper

Pitta dosha is aggravated and increased during summer. During hot, dry seasons, all mind-body types can
choose some of the above foods and decrease others.

Mental and emotional peace and constructive lifestyle routines are important to restoring and maintaining
balance.

Kapha is the conceptual equilibrium of water and earth. Kapha is structure and lubrication. One can visualize
the Kapha force as the stirring force to keep the water and earth from separating. For example, if we take a pot,
fill it to the half with water and then add sand to it, the sand will gradually sink to the bottom of the pot. (It
separates from the water). The only way to keep the sand in equilibrium with the water is by stirring the mixture
continuously. The Kapha force can be visualized as this stirring force in our body.

Kapha cements the elements in the body, providing the material for physical structure. This dosha maintains
body resistance. Water is the main constituent of kapha, and this bodily water is responsible physiologically for
biological strength and natural tissue resistance in the body. Kapha lubricates the joints; provides moisture to the
skin; helps to heal wounds; fills the spaces in the body; gives biological strength, vigor and stability; supports
memory retention; gives energy to the heart and lungs, and maintains immunity. Kapha is present in the chest,
throat, head, sinuses, nose, mouth, stomach, joints, cytoplasm, plasma, and in the liquid secretions of the body
such as mucus. Psychologically, kapha is responsible for the emotions of attachment, greed, and long-standing
envy. It is also expressed in tendencies toward calmness, forgiveness, and love. The chest is the seat of kapha.

The effect of Kapha on our body or microcosm is shown in the table below.

CHARACTERISTICS OF KAPHA TYPES

Here are some of the common characteristics of people who have a predominantly Kapha constitution.
21
Easygoing, relaxed, slow-paced
Affectionate and loving
Forgiving, compassionate, nonjudgmental nature Stable and reliable; faithful
Physically strong and with a sturdy, heavier build
Have the most energy of all constitutions, but it is steady and enduring, not explosive
Slow moving and graceful
Slow speech, reflecting a deliberate thought process
Slower to learn, but never forgets; outstanding long-term memory
Soft hair and skin; tendency to have large "soft" eyes and a low, soft voice
Tend toward being overweight; may also suffer from sluggish digestion
Prone to heavy, oppressive depressions
More self-sufficient, need less outward stimulation than do the other types A mild, gentle, and essentially
undemanding approach to life
Sexually Kaphas are the slowest to be aroused, but they also have the most endurance
Excellent health, strong resistance to disease
Slow to anger; strive to maintain harmony and peace in their surroundings
Not easily upset and can be a point of stability for others
Tend to be possessive and hold on to things, people, money; good savers. Don't like cold, damp weather
Physical problems include colds and congestion, sinus headaches, respiratory problems including asthma and
wheezing, hay fever, allergies, and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries).
Physical Features

People of kapha constitution have well-developed bodies. There is, however, a strong tendency for these
individuals to carry excess weight. Their chests are expanded and broad. The veins and tendons of kapha people
are not obvious because of their thick skin and their muscle development is good. The bones are not prominent.

Their complexions are fair and bright. The skin is soft, lustrous and oily, it is also cold and pale. The hair is thick,
dark, soft and wavy. The eyes are dense and black or blue: the white of the eye is generally very white, large and
attractive.

Physiologically, kapha people have regular appetites. Due to slow digestion, they tend to consume less food.
They crave pungent, bitter and astringent foods. Stools are soft and may be pale in color: evacuation is slow.
Their perspiration is moderate. Sleep is sound and prolonged. There is a strong vital capacity evidenced by good
stamina, and kapha people are generally healthy, happy and peaceful.

Psychologically, they tend to be tolerant, calm, forgiving and loving: however, they also exhibit traits of greed,
attachment, envy and possessiveness. Their comprehension is slow but definite: once they understand
something, that knowledge is retained.

Kapha people tend to be wealthy. They earn money and are good at holding on to it.

Signs of Kapha Aggravation

Sluggish thinking, Dull thinking
Groggy all day
Apathetic, no desire
Depressed, Sad, Sentimental
Slow to comprehend, Slow to react
Procrastinating, Lethargy
Clingy, hanging on to people and ideas
Greedy, Possessive, Materialistic
Sleeping too much
Very tired in the morning, hard to get out of bed
Drowsy or groggy during the day
Weight gain, obesity
Mucus and congestion in the chest or throat
Mucus and congestion in the nose or sinuses
Nausea
Diabetes
Hay fever
Pale, cool, clammy skin
Edema, water retention, Bloated feeling
Sluggish digestion, food "just sits" in the stomach
High cholesterol
Aching joints or heavy limbs
When you experience symptoms such as nausea, lethargy, a feeling of heaviness, chills, looseness of the limbs,
coughing, mucus discharges, breathing difficulties, and a tendency to sleep too much, you may be suffering from
Kapha imbalance. Other symptoms can be inertia, congestion, stagnation, and circulation problems. There may
be a tendency toward obesity. Boredom, laziness, and mental dullness may be present.

Indications of balanced kapha influences are physical strength, a strong immune system, serenity, mental
resolve, rational thinking, ability to conserve and use personal resources, endurance, and adaptability.

General Tips for Health and Wellness for Kapha Types

Kapha's are prone to lethargy, sluggishness, depression, and overweight, Kaphas need activity and stimulation.
Daily exercise is more important for them than for any other type. Getting out of the house and actively seeking
new experiences is also valuable. Be receptive to useful change, renounce impediments to progress, be
intentional in implementing life-enhancing actions, and choose foods, mental attitudes, behaviors, exercise
routines, and relationships and environmental circumstances which can be instrumental in balancing kapha
characteristics.

Pungent, bitter, and astringent tastes decrease kapha influences. Black pepper, ginger, cumin, chili, and some
other spices provide the pungent taste; bitter is provided by some green leafy vegetables; and some green
vegetables and beans provide the astringent taste. Note that the taste that decreases a dosha usually increases
one or both of the other two. For general purposes, mildly increase the proportion of foods which are helpful while
somewhat decreasing the proportions of others-having a sampling of all six tastes at your major meal.

Meditation can be more intensive for kapha constitutions than for vata or pitta constitutions. Schedule time every
day for prayer and meditation.

A Food Plan to Balance Kapha Dosha

These guidelines can be used for kapha mind-body constitutions, to maintain dosha balance, and to restore
balance if necessary, regardless of the basic constitution. Kapha influences the heavy, moist aspects of the body.

What kind of Food to Eat to Balance Kapha

Warm, light food

Dry food, cooked without much water, minimum of butter, oil and sugar

Stimulating foods with pungent, bitter, and astringent tastes

Kaphas need to watch the consumption of too much sweet foods or fatty foods. Keep an eye on the salt
consumption also, which tend to result in fluid retention in Kaphas.

Light meals are to be favored such as light breakfast and dinner.

Avoid deep fried foods. Eat lightly cooked foods or raw fruits and vegetables. Eat spicy, bitter and astringent
foods. Watch out for eating too much food, a typical kapha tendency.

Select hot food over cold food whenever feasible. Dry cooking methods (baking, broiling, grilling, sautéing) are
preferable for kaphas over moist cooking such as steaming, boiling or poaching.

As an appetizer eat bitter or pungent foods instead of salty or sour. Foods such as romaine lettuce, endive, or
tonic water are good to stimulate your appetite.

Take ginger tea or a pinch or ginger to stimulate appetite. Other preferred spices are cumin, fenugreek,
sesame seed and turmeric.
Any food that is spicy is good for kaphas such as very hot Mexican or Indian food, especially in winter.

Foods that are good for kapha breakfast are hot spiced cider, buckwheat pancakes with apple butter, corn
muffins, and bitter cocoa made with skim milk and a touch of honey. Avoid cold cereals, cold juice or milk, and
sugary pastries. Bacon and sausage aggravates kapha due to their salt and oil. For kapha types, breakfast is
optional. (You may skip it if you like).

To pep you up in the morning, take honey, hot water, lemon juice and ginger. Try hot ginger tea. Try skipping a
23
meal or two and take a spoonful of honey in hot water to keep you going.

Kaphas have a sweet tooth. So, cutting down on sugar is difficult for many of them. Cutting sugar is
recommended. Take honey instead. Avoid taking more than a spoonful of honey a day.

Don't overindulge on dairy foods. Butter, ice cream, and cheese are among the worst foods you can take as it
aggravates the kapha. Take warm low fat milk. Avoid hamburgers and milk shakes.

Eat raw fruits, vegetables and salads.

Watch out the restaurant foods, especially oily, salty, sweet or deep fried foods - these are all kapha
aggravating. Eat salad with minimum salad dressing. Take a glass of hot water instead of ice water. Eat salad
instead of soup especially in hot weather.

Summary
Breakfast is usually not necessary. Avoid sugar, fats, dairy products, and salt. Ghee and oils only in small
amounts. Choose light, dry foods. The main meal should be at the middle of the day, and only a light, dry meal in
the evening. Avoid cold foods and drinks. Reduce use of sweet, sour, and salty tastes. Pungent, astringent, and
bitter tastes are all right. All spices.

Food Classified By Group

Vegetables
Favor Reduce or Avoid
Pungent and bitter foods such as: Sweet and juicy vegetables, such as:
asparagus cucumbers
beets sweet potatoes
broccoli tomatoes
Brussels sprouts zucchini
cabbage
carrots
cauliflower
celery
eggplant
garlic
leafy green vegetables
lettuce
mushrooms
okra
onions
peas
peppers
potatoes
radishes
spinach
sprouts

Fruits
Favor Reduce or Avoid
apples avocados
apricots bananas
berries coconut
cherries dates
cranberries fresh figs
figs grapefruit
mangoes grapes
peaches melons
pears oranges
prunes papayas
pomegranates pineapples
plums
Dried fruits in general are good for kapha.
(apricots, figs, prunes, raisins) Avoid sweet, sour, or very juicy fruits, in
general.

Grains
Favor Reduce or Avoid
barley oats
buckwheat rice
corn wheat, except in small amounts
millet Avoid hot cereals and steamed grains, in
oats, dry general, as they are too moist and heavy for
rye kapha.
basmati rice

Dairy
Favor Reduce or Avoid
warm skim milk All, except as noted
small amounts of whole milk and eggs (not
fried of cooked with butter)

Meat
Favor Reduce or Avoid
chicken red meat
shrimp seafood in general
turkey
(All in small amounts)

Beans
Favor Reduce or Avoid
All legumes are acceptable except kidney kidney beans
beans and tofu tofu

Oils
Favor Reduce or Avoid
almond All, except as noted.
corn
safflower
sunflower
(All in small quantities)
25

Sweeteners
Favor Reduce or Avoid
Raw, unheated honey All, except honey

Nuts and Seeds

Favor Reduce or Avoid
sunflower seeds All, except sunflower seeds and pumpkin
pumpkin seeds seeds

Herbs and Spices

Favor Reduce or Avoid
All are good. Ginger is especially good for salt
improving digestion

If your basic constitution is mixed (kapha-pitta or kapha-vata), include smaller portions for the second dosha.

Kapha dosha is aggravated and increased in the spring of the year. During this season, eat less and choose
more dry, fibrous foods. During wet, cold seasons, all mind-body types can choose some of the above foods and
decrease others.
 Ayurveda
Introduction
Ayurveda is India’s traditional, natural system of medicine that has been practiced for more than 5,000
years. Ayurveda is a Sanskrit word that literally translated means "science of life" or "practices of longevity."
Ayurveda was the system of health care conceived and developed by the seers (rishis) and natural
scientists through centuries of observations, experiments, discussions, and meditations. For several
thousand years their teachings were passed on orally from teacher to student; about the fifth to sixth
century BC, elaborately detailed texts were written in Sanskrit, the ancient language of India. For many
years Ayurveda flourished and was used by rich and poor alike in India and Southeast Asia.

Manuscript page from Atharva-Veda, earliest Indian text (approx. 1500 BC) with much
medical information, one of several Vedas (meaning "knowledge"), upon which
Ayurvedic medical practice is based on. Ayurvedic manuals were written by Charaka,
Sushruta, and Vagbhata that give detailed descriptions of the various practices.
Charaka listed 500 hundred remedies and Sushruta over 700 vegetable medicines.

Ayurveda emphasizes prevention of disease, rejuvenation of our body systems, and extension of life span.
The profound premise and promise of Ayurveda is that through certain practices, not only can we prevent
heart disease and make our headaches go away, but we can also better understand ourselves and the
world around us, live a long healthy life in balance and harmony, achieve our fullest potential, and express
our true inner nature on a daily basis.

Ayurveda provides an integrated approach to preventing and treating illness through lifestyle interventions
and natural therapies. It is based on the view that the elements, forces, and principles that comprise all of
nature - and that holds it together and make it function - are also seen in human beings. In Ayurveda, the
mind (or consciousness) and the body (or physical mass) not only influence each other - they are each
other. Together they form the mind-body. The universal consciousness is an intelligent, aware ocean of
energy that gives rise to the physical world we perceive through our five senses. Ayurvedic philosophy and
practices link us to every aspect of ourselves and remind us that we are in union with every aspect of
nature, each other, and the entire universe.

There can be no mental health without physical health, and vice versa. In Ayurveda, symptoms and
diseases that could be categorized as mental thoughts or feelings are just as important as symptoms and
diseases of the physical body. Both are due to imbalances within a person, and both are treated by
restoring the natural balance mentally and physically. In Ayurveda your whole life and lifestyle must be in
harmony before you can enjoy true well being. Lifestyle interventions are a major Ayurvedic preventive and
therapeutic approach.

In India, Ayurvedic practitioners receive state-recognized, institutionalized training in parallel to their

physician counterparts. The research base is growing concerning the physiological effects of meditative
techniques and yoga postures in Indian medical literature and Western psychological literature. Published
studies have documented reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure,
cholesterol, and reaction to stress, in individuals who practice Ayurvedic methods.
27

Laboratory and clinical studies on Ayurvedic herbal preparations and other therapies have shown them to
have a range of potentially beneficial effects for preventing and treating certain cancers, treating infectious
disease, treating diabetes, promoting health, and treating aging. Mechanisms underlying these effects may
include free-radical scavenging effects, immune system modulation, brain neurotransmitter modulation, and
hormonal effects.
Next Topic: Basis for Ayurvedic Philosophy

Basis for Ayurvedic Philosophy

Ayurveda is applicable to every living thing, as implied by its name, the science of life. Vedic sciences
attribute life to more things than we normally do - the things such as air, wind, fire, the earth, planets, stars,
etc. are all thought to possess conscience like living beings.

The basic premise of Ayurveda is that the entire cosmos or universe is part of one singular absolute.
Everything that exists in the vast external universe (macrocosm), also appears in the internal cosmos of the
human body (microcosm). The human body consisting of 50-100 million cells, when healthy, is in harmony,
self-perpetuating and self-correcting just as the universe is. The ancient Ayurveda text, Charaka, says,
"Man is the epitome of the universe. Within man, there is as much diversity as in the world outside.
Similarly, the outside world is as diverse as human beings themselves." In other words, all human beings
are a living microcosm of the universe and the universe is a living macrocosm of the human beings.

Related Topics:

Uniqueness of Individuals

Harmony With The Nature and Developing Perfect Health

Human Body As A Self Correcting Mechanism and Balance

The Concept of Self

How Do We Get Sick?

The Five Great Elements

The Senses

Like And Unlike

Concept of Tri-Dosha

Vata
Pitta

Kapha

Balanced Tridosha means a Healthy Person

Concept of Prakruti and Vikruti

Next Topic: Uniqueness of Individuals

Uniqueness of Individuals

Ayurveda views each and every person as unique, with a unique mind-body constitution and a unique set of life
circumstances, all of which must be considered in determining either natural healing approaches or
recommendations for daily living. This view is in alignment with the modern science which views individuals as
unique in the universe with a unique DNA.

According to Ayurveda, because we each have a unique constitution, our health prescription must be unique to
us. This means that in order to be healthy, you need to eat certain foods that are beneficial for your body type
and stay away from others. Your exercise program must be personally suitable as well. Your constitution
determines very much about you - your body, your personality, even how you relate to other people.
Understanding it lets you know what you need in order to be healthy.

Harmony With The Nature and Developing Perfect Health

The theoretical side of Ayurveda provides insights into how to live one's life in harmony with nature and natural
laws and rhythms. Its practical side - specifically its guidelines for an intelligently regulated diet and daily routine,
its techniques for stress management, and its exercises for increased fitness and alertness-help us take control
of our lives and develop radiant health.

The central goal of Ayurveda is nothing less than a state of perfect health, for the individual and for society and
the environment as well, in which every man and woman is inwardly in balance and outwardly in harmony with
the environment and the laws of nature.

According to Ayurveda, nature is permeated by intelligence. Intelligent laws govern the growth of all living things;
kittens grow into cats, acorns into oak trees. Indeed, laws of nature regulate everything, from the tiny world of
whirling atoms to the huge, enormous world of galaxies.

Human Body As A Self Correcting Mechanism and Balance

The human body is part of nature, as we discussed before as a microcosm of the universe, and when it runs
perfectly, as it was designed to run, it can be perfectly healthy. It is trying to be perfectly healthy all the time,
using its innate self-healing, self-regulating ability as it strives for a perfect homeostatic balance. But we
repeatedly interfere.

Nature has set us up with all the equipment we need to be perfectly healthy. Health is our natural state, and ill
health is unnatural. Every day our systems are exposed to literally millions of bacteria, viruses, allergens, even
carcinogens, and yet our immune system has the intelligence and skill to deal with all those invaders and keep us
healthy. However, when stress, inadequate nutrition, or just fatigue weaken the immune system, those same
invaders may produce disease.

Every second the body is adjusting to countless thousands of changing parameters, keeping us in homeostatic
balance. No matter what comes along to upset the balance, the body knows its own nature, knows what ideal
29
temperature it should be and the correct chemistry it needs to maintain, and keeps referring back to that blueprint
to maintain proper balance.

The Concept of Self

The Self, as this inner dimension of our nature is called in Ayurveda, is the central point of our being, the hub of
the wheel. It is the true inner center of our diversified lives. Thought, feelings, speech, action, and relationships all
originate here, deep within the personality. The whole person-and the whole field of interpersonal behavior-can
be spontaneously enhanced by the process of self-referral, or looking within to experience the Self. This is
analogous to the natural process by which all the branches, leaves, flowers, and fruit of a tree can be
simultaneously nourished and enlivened by watering the root.

The Self can be directly experienced. Those who do experience it find it to be deeply peaceful, yet a reservoir of
creativity, intelligence, and happiness that spills over into all phases of living.

How Do We Get Sick?

Ayurveda holds that specific disease conditions are symptoms of an underlying imbalance. It does not neglect
relief of these symptoms, but its main focus is on the big picture: to restore balance and to help you create such a
healthy lifestyle that the imbalance won't occur again.

Living in health and balance is the key to a long life free from disease.

Perhaps the most important lesson Ayurveda has to teach is that our health is up to us. Every day of our lives,
every hour of every day, we can, and do, choose either health or illness. When we choose wisely, nature rewards
us with health and happiness. When we persistently choose unwisely, nature, in her wisdom, eventually sets us
straight: She makes us sick and gives us a chance to rest and rethink our choices.

The Five Great Elements

Ayurveda believes that everything in this universe is made up of five great elements or building blocks. These are
earth, water, fire, air, and ether.

Earth represents the solid state of matter. It manifests stability, permanence, and rigidity. In our body, the parts
such as bones, teeth, cells, and tissues are manifestations of the earth. Earth is considered a stable substance.

Water characterizes change and represents the liquid state. Water is necessary for the survival of all living
things. A large part of the human body is made up of water. Our blood, lymph, and other fluids move between our
cells and through our vessels, bringing energy, carrying away wastes, regulating temperature, bringing disease
fighters, and carrying hormonal information from one area to another. Water is a substance without stability.

Fire is the power to transform solids into liquids, to gas, and back again. In other words, it possess power to
transform the state of any substance. Within our bodies, the fire or energy binds the atoms together. It also
converts food to fat (stored energy) and muscle. Fire transforms food into energy. It creates the impulses of
nervous reactions, our feelings, and even our thought processes. Fire is considered a form without substance.

Air is the gaseous form of matter which is mobile and dynamic. Within the body, air (oxygen) is the basis for all
energy transfer reactions. It is a key element required for fire to burn. Air is existence without form.

Ether is the space in which everything happens. It is the field that is simultaneously the source of all matter and
the space in which it exists. Ether is only the distances which separate matter. The chief characteristic of ether is
sound. Here sound represents the entire spectrum of vibration.

Every substance in our world is made up of these five substances. All substances can be classified according to
their predominant element. For example, a mountain is predominantly made up of earth element. A mountain
also contain water, fire, air and ether. But these elements are very small compared to the earth. So, its
classification is the earth.

Ayurveda defines a human as the assemblage of the five great elements plus the "immaterial self."

The Senses

The five elements manifest in the functioning of the five senses of man. This allows the person to perceive
the external environment in which he or she lives. They are also related, through the senses, to five actions
expressing the functions of the sensory organs.
The basic senses and their relationship to the five elements are shown below:

Element Senses Sense Organ Action Organ of Action

Ether Hearing Ear Speech Tongue, vocal cords, mouth

Air Touch Skin Holding Hand

Fire Vision Eye Walking Feet

Water Taste Tongue Procreation Genitals

Earth Smell Nose Excretion Anus

Like And Unlike

Anything that enters our body (microcosm) can exert three possible effects on the organism.

It can act as food. This nourishes the organism

It can act as medicine. This balances the organism

It can act as poison. This disturbs the organism.

The five elements may exert one, two, or all three of these effects. The rule that governs the interaction between
the environment and the organism is the Law of Like and Unlike. Like increase like. Unlike decreases like.

For example, when you lie in full sun, your body temperature goes up. Similarly, when you take bath in cold
water, your body temperature goes down. Everything you experience, food, medicine, or poison, increases like
parts of your microcosm and decreases those parts that are unlike it. Similarly, thought also enters your
microcosm. Thought can be positive or negative and will influence your being. Goods thoughts cheer you up. Bad
thoughts will poison you and decrease your good feelings.

Knowing what is good and what is not so good for your personal self enables you to make informed choices in
your life. Right thoughts and attitudes actually induce prosperity. Evil thoughts and bad deeds will not result in
prosperity, but to the ultimate ruin of the microcosm.

Balanced Tridosha means a Healthy Person

Every person (and thing) contains all three doshas. However, the proportion varies according to the individual
and usually one or two doshas predominate. Within each person the doshas are continually interacting with one
another and with the doshas in all of nature. This explains why people can have much in common but also have
an endless variety of individual differences in the way they behave and respond to their environment. Ayurveda
recognizes that different foods, tastes, colors, and sounds affect the doshas in different ways. For example very
hot and pungent spices aggravate pitta; but cold, light foods such as salads calm it down. This ability to affect the
doshas is the underlying basis for Ayurvedic practices and therapies.

A balance among the tridosha is necessary for health. Together, the tridosha governs all metabolic activities.
When their actions in our mind-body constitution are balanced, we experience psychological and physical
wellness. When they are somewhat unbalanced, we may feel uneasy. When they are more obviously unbalanced
- when one or more of the three dosha influences are excessive or deficient-discernible symptoms of sickness
can be observed and experienced.

Regardless of the percentages of vata, pitta, or kapha influences, your basic constitution represents your
psychological and physical nature. When balance is maintained, health is at optimum.

Concept of Prakruti and Vikruti

According to Ayurveda, your basic constitution is determined at the time of conception. This constitution is called
Prakruti. The term Prakruti is a Sanskrit word that means, "nature," "creativity," or "the first creation." One of the
very important concept of Ayurveda is that one's basic constitution is fixed throughout his lifetime. The
combination of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha that was present in the individual at the time of conception is maintained
throughout his lifetime. This is your base point. Notice that different persons can have different combination of
31
Vata, Pitta and kapha as their basic constitution or Prakruti. This is how Ayurveda can explain the subtle
differences between individuals and explains why everyone is unique and that two persons can react very
differently when exposed to the same environment or stimuli. Your Prakruti is unique to you just as your
fingerprint and DNA. Thus, in order to understand a person, it is necessary to determine his or her Prakruti.
HolisticOnLine has developed a computerized diagnostic system that enables you to determine your Prakruti.

Ideally, your constitution remain fixed throughout your life. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Every person is
subjected to the constant interaction with his or her environment which will affect the person's constitution at any
time. The body will try to maintain a dynamic equilibrium or balance with the environment. Your current condition
is called your vikruti. Although it reflects your ability to adjust to life's influences and is always changing, it should
match your prakruti, or inborn constitution, as closely as possible. If the current proportion of your doshas differs
significantly from your constitutional proportion, it indicates imbalances, which in turn can lead to illness. Farther
your Vikruti is from your Prakruti, more ill you are. Ayurveda teaches that your Vikruti can be changed by means
of diet and meditation so as to approach your Prakruti or the state where you have perfect health.

The concept of Prakruti and Vikruti can be illustrated by reference to our body temperature. When healthy, we
maintain an average body temperature of about 98 degrees. Although, different persons can have different base
temperatures, it does not change much so long as the person is healthy. When we go outside on a winter day,
our body temperature may go down slightly; but will pick right back up to the normal if we are healthy. Similarly,
jogging on a hot day can temporarily raise our body temperature. When we are sick, or catch a cold, our body
temperature will go up. This indicates that we are sick or outside our normal base condition. We may take
medicine to bring the body temperature back to the normal range. In analogy to Ayurveda, our present
temperature may be considered as Vikruti and the difference between the Prakruti (our normal temperature) and
Vikruti (our present temperature) can determine whether any medical intervention is required. Just like an
allopathic doctor will take your temperature and blood pressure routinely as the first step in diagnosing your
condition, Ayurvedic practitioners will determine your Prakruti and Vikruti as the first step in diagnosing your
condition.

Hence prior to embarking on a journey to perfect health and longevity, it is important that you understand your
Prakruti and Vikruti and determine how far separated these are. Armed with this knowledge, we can map a
treatment strategy. This is the basic premise of Ayurveda. The diagnostic system developed by HolisticOnline
can be utilized to determine both your Prakruti and Vikruti.

Diagnostic Tests
In order to increase the effectiveness of the material supplied here, Holisticonline.com has developed
several diagnostic tests. These tests incorporate artificial intelligence. Four tests are supplied - two for
determining your mind-body constitution (Prakruti) and two for determining your current condition (vikruti).
The tests are designed in such a way that you can take part of it if you are in a hurry to get a quick, but may
not be accurate, read on the results; and then can improve the accuracy by taking the entire test.

We appreciate your feedback on how this test can be improved or any other suggestions. Use feedback.

Some questions may not be very clear. If you don't understand the question or don't know the answer, just
skip the question rather than guessing. Our tests are designed to normalize your scores.

Determining Your Prakruti

In order to determine your Prakruti, answer the questions, based on how you had been in your lifetime (not
necessarily now.) Remember, you are trying to define your basic constitution here; think about the
instances when you were very healthy and happy. Then answer the question based on that time. Note
down the results given by the system as your Prakruti. Let us say for arguments sake, it is Vata 60, Pitta 30
and Kapha 10. You are a Vata person with Pitta as your secondary dosha.

Tests for Prakruti

Test 1 (58 Questions)

Test 2 (81 Questions)

Determining your Vikruti and Interpreting the Results

Now take the test for Vikruti. This test concentrates on determining your dosha imbalance. You should
answer the questions based on your condition now. This will answer the question, what's out of balance
that needs stabilizing? Take this part of the test once now and then again every three months to monitor
your progress. When determining your vikruti, identify your problem areas by focusing on symptoms that
are occurring now or that have occurred consistently within the last two weeks. The result will give your
Vikruti. In the example above, let us say the person got a Vikruti score of Vata 40, Pitta 30 and Kapha 30.
Now you can see the imbalance. You Vata is off 10 points, and hence it needs to be balanced. So, the
treatment strategy will be to pacify your vata. Dietary intervention may be one of the prescriptions.
Ayurvedic practitioners have a wealth of foods, medicines, herbs and other techniques (such as yoga,
meditation, aromatherapy etc.) to accomplish this. Look at the section six steps to get back to good health.
We will cover the effect of diet and the six senses on the tridosha later.

Tests for Vikruti

Test 1 (120 Questions)

Test 2 (120 Questions)

Determining Your Prakruti - Test 1 - Part 1

This test will determine your Ayurvedic Dosha based on the answers you supply. Each set of questions has three
options. You should select the best option that describes you. You can only select one out of the three. To select
an item, click on the button to the left of the selection. If you want to choose another selection, click on that
button. (The latest selection only counts.)

After you complete the questionnaire, click on the button marked Done.

MIND - EMOTIONS - BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT

1. I am

Flexible, optimistic

Ambitious, practical, intense

Calm, peaceful, solicitous

2. I consider myself as:

Lively, intuitive,

Motivated, perceptive, warm

Resilient, content, loyal, slow

3. My acquaintances describe me as:

Enthusiastic, changeable

Friendly, independent, courageous, discriminating

Deliberate, relaxed, compassionate

4. My friends describe me as:

33
An initiator

A good leader, goal-oriented, competitive

Patient, nurturing, stable

5. My memory is

Quick to remember-and to forget. (Best in the short term)

Average, clear, distinct (Good overall)

Slow to remember and to forget (Best in the long term)

6. My thinking style is

Restless, quick

Organized, efficient, accurate

Slow, methodical, exacting

7. I process information

Quickly

At medium speed

Slowly

8. My creativity level is

Filled with ideas, but tends to follow through poorly

Inventive in many areas, with good follow-through

Best in the field of business

9. Under stress I become

Anxious, insecure, tense, and sigh and hyperventilate

Aggressive, angry, irritable, headachy, nauseated

Lethargic, dull, in denial

10. I dream of

Activity, running, flying, frightening things

Violence, fire, anger, passion, the sun

Romance, sentimentality, water and snow

11. My speech pattern is

Fast, talkative (Quick, often imaginative or excessive)

Precise, convincing (Clear, precise, detailed, well-organized)

Slow, monotoned, melodic (Soothing, rich with moments of silence)

12. My voice sounds

High pitched, fast, dissonant, weeping

Medium pitched, sharp, laughing

Low pitched, melodious, slow, monotone, pleasant, deep

13. My lifestyle is
 Highly active

Active

Rather inactive

14. My spending habits are

Wasteful, can't save, throw money away on trifles

Moderate, can save, but spend money on luxuries

Thrifty, accumulate wealth but spend money on food

15. My sex drive is

Frequent, either in very high or very low gear

Moderate frequency, but passionate and domineering

Infrequent, constant or cyclic, loyal and devoted

16. Regarding temperature and weather:

I dislike weather that is cold, windy, dry. I am comfortable in the heat.

I dislike weather that is hot, with strong sun. I perspire easily. I thrive in winter.

I dislike weather that is cool and damp. I tolerate extremes well.

Determining Your Prakruti - Test 1 - Part 2

Each set of questions has three options. You should select the best option that describes you. You can only
select one out of the three. To select an item, click on the button to the left of the selection. If you want to choose
another selection, click on that button. (The latest selection only counts.)

After you complete the questionnaire, click on the button marked Done.

MIND - EMOTIONS - BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT

1. When making decisions I am

Unsure

Quick and decisive

Deliberate

2. Emotionally, I

Worry, am anxious, moody, and emotional

Get angry and irritated easily

Stay calm, complacent, get angry slowly

3. I love
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Traveling, art, esoteric subjects

Sports, politics, luxury

Good food

4. The pace of my activity is

Fast

Medium speed, intense

Slow, steady

5. When threatened, I become

Fearful, anxious

Angry, irritable, fights

Indifferent, withdraws

6. My taste preference is:

Oily, heavy, sweet, soupy, salty, sour

Medium, light, sweet, warm, bitter, astringent

Dry, light, low-fat, sweet, pungent

7. My mental tendencies are:

Questions, theorizes

Judgmental or artistic

Stable, and logical

8. My pulse can be described as

Thready, slithering

Moderate, jumping

Slow and graceful

9. My resting pulse rate is:

Women: 80-100, Men: 70-80

Women: 70-80, Men: 60-70

Women: 60-70, Men: 50-60

10. I generally eat

Quickly

Moderately fast

Slowly

11. My sleep is most often

Interrupted, light

Sound, moderate

Deep, long. I am slow to waken.

12. I am most sensitive to

 Noise

Bright light

Strong odors

13. My way of learning is

To learn quickly. I enjoy more than one thing at a time. I can lose focus.

To focus sharply, discriminate. I finish what I start.

To take my time. I tend to be methodical.

14. I learn new material best by

Listening to a speaker

Reading or using visual aids

Associating it with another memory

15. If there was one trait to best describe me, it would be

Vivacious (lively, active, spirited and full of life)

Determined

Easygoing

16. Regarding my relationships, I

Easily adapt to different kinds of people

Often choose friends on the basis of their values

Am slow to make new friends but am forever loyal.

17. My family and friends might prefer me to be more

Settled

Tolerant

Enthusiastic

Determining Your Prakruti - Test 1 - Part 3

This test will determine your Ayurvedic Dosha based on the answers you supply. Each set of questions has three
options. You should select the best option that describes you. You can only select one out of the three. To select
an item, click on the button to the left of the selection. If you want to choose another selection, click on that
button. (The latest selection only counts.)

After you complete the questionnaire, click on the button marked Done.

BODY CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS ASSESSMENT

1. Compared to others of my height, I have

Smaller bones

Average size bones

Larger bones
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2. My height is

Above to below average

Average

Average to tall

3. My muscles are

Wiry, undeveloped

Moderately developed

Solid, stocky, well developed

4. My weight is

Below average, I lose weight easily

Medium, able to lose or gain weight

Above average, I gain weight easily

5. Most of my fat is located

Around my waist

Evenly over my body

Around the hips and thighs

6. My skin is

Dry, flaky, thin, rough, cool to touch

Delicate, sensitive, with freckles or moles, warm to touch, glowing

Oily, thick, smooth, soft to touch

7. My complexion (compared with others of my race) is

Darker

More reddish, freckled, or yellowish

Lighter or pale

8. My hair is

Dry, brittle, thin, coarse, brown, black

Fine and straight, blond, red, graying early or balding

Oily, thick, luxuriant, wavy or curly, dark brown, black

9. My eyebrows are

Thin, dry, and firm

Medium

Thick, large, firm, bushy, oily

10. My eyes are

Small, nervous, dry, black or brown

Sharp, bright, sensitive to light, gray or green, with a penetrating gaze

Big, calm, blue, with a loving gaze

 11. My teeth are

Big, crooked or protruding, with thin receding gums

Medium-sized, yellowish and soft, with tender gums

Strong and white with healthy gums

12. My nose is

Uneven in shape, small, thin

Long and pointed

Short, rounded, thick, oily

13. My lips are

Dry, thin, dark

Soft, pink, red, or yellowish

Oily and smooth, large, thick and firm, pale

14. My veins are

Prominent

Somewhat visible

Not visible

15. My shoulders are

Narrow and slope downward

Medium-sized

Broad, firm, developed

Determining Your Prakruti - Test 1 - Part 4

This test will determine your Ayurvedic Dosha based on the answers you supply. Each set of questions has three
options. You should select the best option that describes you. You can only select one out of the three. To select
an item, click on the button to the left of the selection. If you want to choose another selection, click on that
button. (The latest selection only counts.)

After you complete the questionnaire, click on the button marked Done.

BODY CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTIONS ASSESSMENT

1. My hips are

Narrow
39
Medium width

Wide

2. My hands are

Small, dry, cool, with small, long fingers

Medium-sized, moist, warm, pink

Large, oily, cool, firm

3. My joints are

Thin, small, and make cracking noises

Moderate in size, soft and loose

Large, well lubricated and well knit

4. My nails are

Dry, rough, brittle, and break easily

Flexible, pink, and lustrous

Thick, smooth, shiny, and hard

5. My perspiration is

Scanty with no odor

Heavy with strong odor

Moderate or heavy with pleasant odor

6. My appetite is

Irregular, with skipped meals

Strong, must eat regular meals

Constant, but can skip meals

7. My sleep pattern is

Irregular, light, interrupted, 5-7 hours a night

Sound and even, 6-8 hours a night

Prolonged and deep, difficult to wake up

8. My gait is

Quick, short steps

Medium pace, purposeful

Slow and graceful

9. My energy or endurance is

Low, energy comes in spurts, then need to rest

Is moderate or high. I can push myself too hard.

Good, long-lasting

10. My bowel movements are

Dry, hard, constipation

 Soft, oily, loose

Heavy, slow, thick

Six Steps to Get Back To Good Health (Balanced Doshas)

Step 1: Determine Your Vikruti

Using the diagnostic tests given, determine your Vikruti. As mentioned in the discussion of your mind body
constitution, Vikruti is an Ayurvedic concept that defines where you are now. If you are ill, your Vikruti will defer
from your Prakruti, which defines your base mind body constitution. This imbalance need to be known, before an
effective treatment strategy can be developed. Read the sections, Signs of Aggravated Dosha or Dosha
Imbalance for vata, pitta and kapha doshas. This will tell you which of your Dosha is aggravated and need
balance. Another way to do this is by taking the HolisticOnLine diagnostic test. When answering the questions,
concentrate on how you feel in the past week or so, or when you were not feeling good. How was your action.
For example, normally you are calm and do not get excited easily. But you have noticed that in the last week or
so, you get upset very easily or you get very argumentative. Answer the diagnostic test that you get excited or
angry easily. Note down your vata, pitta and kapha score and mark it as your Vikruti. You will need this for step 3.
We suggest that you do this Vikruti test once every 3 months like changing the oil in your car. This will foretell any
signs of impending diseases and you can take proactive corrective actions by catching any imbalance in a timely
manner.
41
Step 2: Determine your Prakruti

Prakruti defines your natural state and your potential. This is your base behavior. HolisticOnLine has provided a
diagnostic test to determine your Prakruti. In answering the questions, please answer based on how you normally
feel (rather than your condition at this moment which may be different because of some dosha imbalance or
illness. It may not be a bad idea to take this test three times over a period of a week and average out the score to
get your Prakruti. Ayurvedic practitioners have other diagnostic tools to determine your imbalance such as Pulse
diagnosis. Prakruti defines both your physical and emotional (or mental) state. Many persons have difficulty
defining their mental status. If you want you can ask a friend or someone who knows you well to help in
answering the questions. Write down your score as Prakruti score. If you have used our diagnostic test, it tells
you what your predominant dosha is. Look up the characteristics of your dosha (Read the appropriate
sections Vata or Pitta or Kapha) and see how closely it describes you.

Step 3: Determine the Imbalance

Compare scores from steps 1(Vikruti) and 2(Prakruti) and determine the major imbalances. This is a complex
process and very often requires a skilled ayurvedic practitioner to determine a course of treatment.

First look at your Vikruti score. Compare your highest dosha with the next highest dosha. If these are more than
10 points apart, there may be a serious imbalance. (Note that we are only talking about your Vikruti. An
imbalance of 10 points or more is quite common in Prakruti as this will give your dominant dosha.)

To confuse the matter a little, very often what you see may not what it is. Doshas can disguise themselves. One
dosha may affect another one throwing it out of balance. In most of the cases, Ayurvedic practitioners start with
the vata dosha although that may not be the most imbalanced. This is because, vata controls most of the nervous
system and mind and affect other doshas especially when you are under stress.

After checking vata, check your pitta imbalance. Pitta is responsible for the digestion. If your digestive fire is low,
it can manifest itself with other problems. This can, in turn, put both vata and kapha out of balance.

Step 4: Stabilize your Doshas

Depending on which dosha needs to be balanced, use the diet recommendation for balancing the particular
dosha.

Vata or Pitta or Kapha

It is recommended that you balance your vata first, followed by pitta so fine-tune your system. If your dosha
imbalance is severe, you may want to undergo a cleansing operation such asPanchakarma. You may also want
to consider yoga, meditation or aromatherapy.

Step 5: Monitor your progress

Follow the dosha balancing practices recommended until the symptoms subside. Repeat the Vikruti test every 3
months to confirm the progress you are making.

Step 6: Maintain Balance

When your doshas are in balance, follow proper daily lifestyle recommendations given by Ayurveda. If old or
symptoms appear, repeat the steps 1 to 5.