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• He taught there.
• He was given alyiah to read. In this case it was from the HafTorah, Isaiah 61:1 - 3
As Messiah conveyed to the people:
"Don't think that I have come to abolish the Torah or the Prophets. I have come not to abolish but to complete.
Matthew 5: 17
Shabbat was part of the instruction given to Moshe, by Adonai for all of Israel. Torah was the constitution for the
nation of Israel. It would be Messiah who would properly interpret and instruct...as it was originally meant to be lived
by.
Our first example - Did Yeshua break the Sabbath?
Based on the teachings of the time that involved the oral law, the Torah teachers and P'rushim accused Yeshua of
doing work on the Sabbath. Witness their reaction:
"One Shabbat during that time, Yeshua was walking through some wheat fields. His talmidim were hungry, so they
began picking heads of grain and eating them. On seeing this, the P'rushim said to him, "Look! Your talmidim are
violating Shabbat!" Matthew 12:1 - 2
According to the teaching of the day, under the 39 parameters of what defined work, the P'rushim looked only at the
action, and not at the intent. Witness our Messiah's response to their accusation:
"But he said to them, Haven't you ever read what David did when he and those with him were hungry? He entered the
House of God and ate the Bread of the Presence!" -- which was prohibited, both to him and to his companions; it is
permitted only to the cohanim. "Or haven't you read in the Torah that on Shabbat the cohanim profane Shabbat and
yet are blameless? I tell you, there is in this place something greater than the Temple! If you knew what `I want
compassion rather than animal-sacrifice' meant, you would not condemn the innocent. For the Son of Man is Lord of
Shabbat!" Matthew 12:1 - 8
The Sabbath is not meant to detract from ones wholeness regarding their lives. Hunger, a basic need, is greater than
the Sabbath, if it were to cause harm to an individual. How can one truly appreciate and enjoy Shabbat if they are
deprived of a basic need for living?
Notice the final statement made by Yeshua - "For the Son of Man is Lord of Shabbat!"
What does it mean to be Lord of the Sabbath? Simply put, the one who created it is the one who is in charge of it.
Many will use the Greek word kurios, meaning - supreme in authority and is also used to identify God, Lord, master,
sir. There is no differentiation between God as Lord and a man who is lord of a household.
However, in Hebrew, there are two words used to represent Lord (lord). Adon, is used when referring to a human ruler
(small l). The Hebrew word for Lord that is used throughout the Tenach when identifying God is Y'hovah, one of His
many names. Many will associate Y'hovah with the more anglicized Jehovah. Yeshua, stated I am Y'hovah, the one
who established the Sabbath...further emphasizing the echud (oneness) of God.
Many times it is the Greek word that is used when referencing the Brith Hadoshah writings. However, when you apply
what Messiah would have said from an Hebrew basis, the understanding of what He said becomes all the more
authoritative. He didn't say He was lord of the Sabbath...but Lord of the Sabbath...Y'hovah...Creator...God of the
Sabbath.
In the same passage, we witness another example whereby the wholeness of an individual takes precedence over the
Sabbath itself:
"Going on from that place, he went into their synagogue. A man there had a shriveled hand. Looking for a reason to
accuse him of something, they asked him, "Is healing permitted on Shabbat?" Matthew 12:9 - 10
Witness our Messiah's answer:
"But he answered, "If you have a sheep that falls in a pit on Shabbat, which of you won't take hold of it and lift it out?
How much more valuable is a man than a sheep! Therefore, what is permitted on Shabbat is to do good." Then to the
man he said, "Hold out your hand." As he held it out, it became restored, as sound as the other one." Matthew 12:11 -
13
Compare the same passage (response of Yeshua) found in Mark:
"Then to them he said, "What is permitted on Shabbat? Doing good or doing evil? Saving life or killing?" But they said
nothing. Then, looking them over and feeling both anger with them and sympathy for them at the stoniness of their
hearts, he said to the man, "Hold out your hand." As he held it out, it became restored." Mark 3:4 - 5
Our Messiah's response cuts through to the heart of Torah. What is more important? Good or evil? Saving a life or
killing? Their hearts were rock hard towards His response. Meaning that their desire to do as Torah had instructed
and serve God by leading the people as He had intended was gone. They were more concerned with the legalistic
letter of the law (oral) then the true intention of the Law (Torah).
If you will again refer to the listing above in "The Evolution of the Sabbath in Judaism" from tractate 7, mishnah 2, of
the 39 different tasks regarding that which is considered work, healing is not listed.
Note: Also found in Mark 2:23 - 28 and Luke 6:1 - 11
Our second example: Is healing on the Sabbath permitted?
"Yeshua was teaching in one of the synagogues on Shabbat. A woman came up who had a spirit which had crippled
her for eighteen years; she was bent double and unable to stand erect at all. On seeing her, Yeshua called her and
said to her, "Lady, you have been set free from your weakness!" He put his hands on her, and at once she stood
upright and began to glorify God" Luke 13:10 - 13
A woman trapped in a physical bondage for 18 years is made whole on the Sabbath. Her response is to give glory to
God for being set free from her physical bondage. The response of the president of the synagogue is completely
opposite to that of the lady...critical and judgmental:
"But the president of the synagogue, indignant that Yeshua had healed on Shabbat, spoke up and said to the
congregation, "There are six days in the week for working; so come during those days to be healed, not on Shabbat!"
Luke 13:14
Yeshua's response to such a heartless comment:
"However, the Lord answered him, "You hypocrites! Each one of you on Shabbat -- don't you unloose your ox or your
donkey from the stall and lead him off to drink? This woman is a daughter of Avraham, and the Adversary kept her
tied up for eighteen years! Shouldn't she be freed from this bondage on Shabbat?" By these words, Yeshua put to
shame the people who opposed him; but the rest of the crowd were happy about all the wonderful things that were
taking place through him." Luke 13:15 - 17
Shabbat is not a day set apart by a man made list of do's and don'ts, but a time that is separated from the other six
days of the week, specifically for God and our own regeneration.
• Acts 17:1 - 4
• Acts 18:4 - 5
In coming to a belief in Messiah, Sha'ul didn't throw away what he had known all his life. He was Jewish by birth, of
the tribe of Benyimin. He wasn't teaching against Torah, but the legalistic misinterpretation of Torah and the
burdensome addition of the oral law...the very system that he was once part of administering against his own Jewish
countrymen:
"But if, in seeking to be declared righteous by God through our union with the Messiah, we ourselves are indeed
found to be sinners, then is the Messiah an aider and abettor of sin? Heaven forbid! Indeed, if I build up again the
legalistic bondage which I destroyed, I really do make myself a transgressor. For it was through letting the Torah
speak for itself that I died to its traditional legalistic misinterpretation, so that I might live in direct relationship with
God." Galatians 2: 17 - 19
“At this meeting the question concerning the most holy day of Easter was discussed, and it was resolved by the
united judgment of all present that this feast ought to be kept by all and in every place on one and the same day And
first of all it appeared an unworthy thing that in the celebration of this most holy feast we should follow the practice
of the Jews, who have impiously defiled their hands with enormous sin for we have received from our Saviour a
different way…And I myself have undertaken that this decision should meet with the approval of your Sagacities in
the hope that your Wisdoms will gladly admit that practice which is observed at once in the city of Rome and in
Africa, throughout Italy and in Egypt…with entire unity of judgment.” (Vol. 5, p. 228). (note 3)
From the Passover to the weekly Sabbath, a "united" decision was made to eliminate anything Jewish from the faith
from which its very origins came. To say the decision was unified is open for debate. When you are confronted by the
most powerful individual in the known world at the time - (the emperor or Rome), his minions of soldiers and leaders,
would there truly be any dissension? This decision is nothing more then anti-semitism at its ugliest. Of the members
present at this council, the Jewish bishops (numbering approximately 20) were not in attendance and for that matter
not even invited to participate, further bringing into question the unity of this decision.
Canon 8 - Decision of the Second Council of Nicea (787 CE)
That Hebrews ought not to be received unless they have been converted in sincerity of heart.
Since certain , erring in the superstitions of the Hebrews , have thought to mock at Christ our God, and feigning to be
converted to the religion of Christ do deny him, and in private and secretly keep the Sabbath and observe other
Jewish customs, we decree that such persons be not received to communion , nor to prayers, nor into the Church;
but let them be openly Hebrews according to their religion , and let them not bring their children to baptism, nor
purchase or possess a slave . But if any of them, out of a sincere heart and in faith, is converted and makes
profession with his whole heart, setting at naught their customs and observances, and so that others may be
convinced and converted , such an one is to be received and baptized, and his children likewise; and let them be
taught to take care to hold aloof from the ordinances of the Hebrews . But if they will not do this, let them in no way
be received.
Ancient Epitome: Hebrews must not be received unless they are manifestly converted with sincerity of heart. (Source
Catholic Encyclopedia)
The belief that anything Jewish, with a foundation in Torah, mocked God, was the thinking of the time. This thought
process has continued for centuries with the notion that one who is Jewish must convert to christianity and denounce
their Jewish heritage. Believe it or not, this thinking still exists today. The wall of partition that the Jewish community
is accused of reestablishing is the very action being taken as a result of the second council at Nicea.
Other references from the Catholic Encyclopedia relating to the issue of Sabbath...
In the Apostolic Constitutions , which belong to the end of the fourth century, both the hearing of the Mass and the
rest from work are prescribed, and the precept is attributed to the Apostles. The express teaching of Christ and St.
Paul prevented the early Christians from falling into the excesses of Jewish Sabbatarianism in the observance of the
Sunday, and yet we find St. Cæsarius of Arles in the sixth century teaching that the holy Doctors of the Church had
decreed that the whole glory of the Jewish Sabbath had been transferred to the Sunday, and that Christians must
keep the Sunday holy in the same way as the Jews had been commanded to keep holy the Sabbath Day. (Source
Catholic Encyclopedia)
Although, as we have seen, the Church constituted a worship for itself, it nevertheless retained several memorials of
the Jewish religion, which was a preparation for the Christian religion. But even here the originality and
independence of the Christian worship are loudly affirmed. Thus the circumcision, which was the great sacrament of
Judaism and as it were its distinctive sign, was rejected by the Church. The Temple of Jerusalem, the religious capital
of Judaism, was deserted by the Christians, even by those of Jerusalem, and it was never the center of their worship.
They loved to assemble in private houses to hear the Word, to pray, and to have the breaking of the bread. The
Jewish feasts were likewise condemned. Neither the feast of Tabernacles , nor that of Lights, nor that of the
Dedication , nor that of Purim left any trace in the Christian calendar. (Source Catholic Encyclopedia)
Easter and Pentecost , which kept their Jewish names and even, to a certain extent, their place on the Christian
calendar, changed their object, one becoming the feast of the Resurrection and the other that of the Holy Ghost . But
what is still more important, as has been said, is that the Church substituted Sunday for the Sabbath. The distinction
between clean and unclean animals, which related to Jewish worship, was also rejected in the very beginning. On
these questions, therefore, the Church asserted its independence. However, it borrowed certain things from the
synagogue. It retained the Sacred Books as the most precious portion of its heritage and at once made them its
liturgical books. For they are truly the core and the substance of the Christian liturgical books. The Church also
borrowed from the Jews of the Diaspora the form of their meetings in the synagogue on the Sabbath day. At first the
Christian meeting, like that of the synagogue, was taken up with the singing of psalms and the reading of the Sacred
Books , followed by an exhortation or homily. These are the chief points of Jewish influence on Christian worship.
(Source Catholic Encyclopedia)
The accounts above further emphasize the continuing and widening separation of faith in Messiah from its Jewish
origins. As time continued to pass, the division grew deeper. In order for a Jewish person to come to faith in
Messiah, they would have to renounce all things Jewish. At certain times in history, they were forced to convert or
die. Persecution continued for centuries...
Conclusion
What is a believer to do?
It is unfortunate but there is one page (with two words) in scripture that disrupts the flow of the Revelation of God and
His relationship with the children of Israel. That page is the page that separates the Tenach from the Brith Hadashah.
In most Bibles that page says "new testament" Granted they are scriptures that relate to the new covenant, however,
through the centuries, this one page in combination with a diminished to non-existent understanding of scripture from
a Jewish perspective has completely flip flopped the perspective of God's Word and its true meaning and
understanding...thus reestablishing that middle wall of partition. This partition is now from the view of non-Jewish
believers in Messiah...the other side if you will.
Without question, the view of what the Sabbath means today is completely contrary to scripture in its proper context.
Today, the view of the Sabbath is that it is no longer relevant..."old testament", "legalistic" for the Jewish people only.
It is further understood that anything Jewish is no longer applicable under the "new testatment".
This mindset couldn't be any further from the truth. This mindset is a result of the brief historical presentation we
have shown regarding the relationship between the Jewish people and the church. This mindset is beginning to
change. However, the change is slow, because the longer something is established, the longer it takes to correct.
The growth of Messianic congregations throughout the world are helping to promote this change. Messianic Jewish
Synagogues comprise both Jewish and non-Jewish believers with a unity in Messiah and the desire to retain God's
instructions in honoring the Sabbath and keeping it holy.
There is an excellent book that goes into much greater detail with regards to the relationship between the Jewish
people and the church:
"The Church and The Jews - The Biblical Relationship" by Dan Gruber
"Come to me, all of you who are struggling and burdened, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you and learn
from me, because I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my
burden is light." Matthew 11:28 - 30
The misunderstanding of scripture continues with this section above. The burden isn't Torah or its commandments,
but rather the misinterpretation and legalistic additions that Yeshua is addressing. In context, Torah is liberation, it is
Holy, it is just. The passage that follows this scripture in Matthew 12 shows Yeshua addressing these very issues
regarding Shabbat that we have presented...the legalistic interpretation of what Shabbat had become in relation to
what God had intended it to be.
Honoring and keeping the Sabbath holy as God intended is not legalism as many have been taught and ultimately
have come to believe. It is a way in honoring God through what has been given, specifically as a commandment to
Israel. However, there is an open invitation through the grafting in of non-Jewish believers in Messiah to the tree that
is Israel...now the commonwealth of Israel. This is probably one of the greatest misunderstood concepts found
among believers today.
The Commonwealth of Israel is comprised of Jewish and non-Jewish people who are reconciled by a trust in Messiah.
The constitution of the Commonwealth of Israel is comprised of the Tenach and Brith Hadoshah (one continuous and
complete document) as its foundation. It contains all the information believers require. This constitution is not
ratified by a vote of men, but by the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and sealed through Messiah.
When understood from a proper perspective, keeping Shabbat is intended for all believers. It is what separates God's
people from the rest of the world, then and today. Not from a legalistic perspective, but from a true trusting of God in
refraining from our occupational striving in providing for our family. We refrain from work for one day and work for
six. In essence, you can consider this to be a tithe of our time, specifically setting aside a day for the sole purpose of
rest and therefore being able to focus on Adonai.
How Do We Define Work?
Therefore, the question has probably entered your mind at some point during this article...what exactly is work? How
can we define it from a perspective whereby we can honor the Sabbath and keep it holy? Without being labeled as
legalistic, it is simply put, your occupation whereby you strive to provide for your family. The times have changed,
whereby, we as a society have progressed to the point that not all work is physically draining and extremely laborious,
but may also be mentally and emotionally draining. Regardless of the task, we should cease our efforts from
economic endeavors with the intention of resting from our weekly grind and giving this time back to God in worship
through the gathering together of believers as a unified body in Messiah. From the Jewish perspective, the highest
form of worship is considered the reading and studying of God's Word.
The Sabbath is...
Witness the words of the song below, composed by Steve & Sue McConnell, Jewish believers in Messiah:
1
In six days You painted the face of the earth
And carved out a day when You'd rest from Your work
1
You brought forth a nation from Abraham
1
The prophets foretold that Messiah would come
1
And just as You rested when Your work was done
1
The lilies You dress and the sparrows You feed
1
Your people will enter Your rest when we cry
WRITTEN BY: Steve & Sue McConnell © 1996 Steve & Sue McConnell, All Rights Reserved
Bibliography
Complete Jewish Bible - David Stern
The Feasts of the Lord - Kevin Howard & Marvin Rosenthal
Jewish Roots - Dan Juster
Torah and the New Covenant - Dan Gruber
The Church and The Jews - The Biblical Relationship - Dan Gruber
Babylonian Talmud
-
Legend
Permission has been granted to Jewish Heritage Revival for the use of Scripture quotations in its articles, taken from
the Complete Jewish Bible, copyright 1998 by David H. Stern. Published by Jewish New Testament Publications, Inc.,
6120 Day Long Lane, Clarksville, Maryland 21029. www.messianicjewish.net/jntp
Copyright © 2010, Jewish Heritage Revival All rights reserved. With our blessing, please use what is presented.