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Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
Why do you need a starter for a motor?
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
To Start the Motor?
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
Starting is a process in which a
motor’s rotor is brought from zero
speed to rated speed.
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
What is the speed
equation of an
Induction Motor?
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
120f/P?
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
Where is voltage in this equation?
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
Then why should one apply voltage to the
motor for the motor to start and run?
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
Where is the mistake?
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
120f/P is the equation for the synchronous speed
of the motor (i.e.) the speed of the rotating
magnetic field, which is imaginary.
But, for rotating the rotor which is a body with a
mass, one needs to apply a force. Remember…
Newton’s Laws of Inertia?
“A body at rest will not change its position
unless an external force acts upon it.”
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
Contactor
Overload Relay
MOTOR
Direct-On-Line
Starter – Control
Schematic Diagram
MCB
96
53
K START Push Button
54
94
a1
K Contactor Coil (240V AC)
a2
Neutral
Direct‐On‐Line Starter
Now, what are the advantages and
disadvantages of this starter?
Advantages:
Most Economical Starter
Simple to establish, operate and maintain
Simple Control Circuitry
Easy to understand and trouble‐shoot
Direct‐On‐Line Starter
Disadvantages:
Very High Starting Current (Typically 6 to 8 times the full
load current of the motor). Why?
Thermal Stress on the motor, thereby reducing its life.
Voltage drop in the system, affecting other customers
connected to the same lines.
Unnecessary high starting torque, even when not
required by the load, thereby increased mechanical
stress on the mechanical systems such as rotor shaft,
bearings, gearbox, coupling, chain drive, connected
equipments, etc. leading to premature failure and plant
downtimes.
Starters for Three Phase Induction Motors
So, some method of starting current reduction has
to be adopted. We know that the current is high
either as the voltage is high or as the resistance is
low (I = V/R). So, to reduce starting current, one
either has to reduce the voltage applied to the
motor or to increase the resistance of the motor.
K1 OLR MOTOR
B2
R C2
A1
Y B1
C1
B
K3
K2