CHAPTER 1 - Introduction

1.1 Backround of study (Dos and don’t to prevent abuse of law in social media and
online)

Social media are media for social interaction, using highly accessible and scalable
publishing techniques. Social media use web-based technologies to turn communication into
interactive dialogue. Andreas Kaplan and Michael Haenlein also define social media as "a
group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological
foundations of Web 2.0, which allows the creation and exchange of user-generated content."
Businesses also refer to social media as consumer-generated media (CGM). A common thread
running through all definitions of social media is a blending of technology and social
interaction for the co-creation of value.

Social media offers the latest roundup of online technologies based on the concept of
community. Sharing opinions, posting comments, participating in discussion boards and
simply exchanging media files are all facets of social media on the web today, and social
bookmarking and networking are just a couple of these online activities.Social media sites
encourage users to set up a profile and interact with other community members. Communities
and niche channels develop organically, with limited effort from a company or site owner.
They also can submitting valuable articles and content, and then sharing it in a niche
community, is an excellent way to create a positive presence in the world of social media, but
there are some specific steps involved when publishing on the web.

Social media is quickly becoming one of the web’s fastest growing online activities, a
place for customers in a variety of markets and niche communities to learn, educate others,
and interact with other buyers. As a result, it is in your best interest to track and gauge
different patterns.Consider social media just one channel to accurately gauge your customers’
interests, tastes, and preferences. Each contributor is essentially volunteering testimonials on
products, likes, dislikes, and other information that was once only available from direct
market surveys or interviews. Social media platforms offer you some insight on what the
customer truly wants at any given time.

But there are a problem in social media and online which is how to prevent abuse of
law. Nowadays there are million people using an internet in Malaysia and there are a thousand
problem that our government has to face off about this online crime. It is all about law
abusement which occurs anywhere and averywhere. Example of law abusement in social
media including bloggers who simply making a statement that may affact government status
for instant by making up story. Sometimes people may believe though the prove is not clear
and certain.
1.2 Problem Statement

The reasons why the researcher is making this case of study is to find out the guidlines
about law abuse in social media that have grown up should not be misconstrued as
amendments to the acts. The guidlines are nothing new as it is an intention to make it easier
for people to understand.

At the moment some people do not understand these acts. Example for this problem is
when we look at the blog and in Facebook, we will see that not many people know what they
can or cannot do. They do not know taht they cannot abuse this law. The researcher also
wants to know whether should or not our government doing an act about this misused in this
social media and online.
1.3 Research Objectives

1.3.1 to determine the effects of cyber crime to community.

1.3.2 to find the reasons why this cyber crime case increases.

1.3.3 to identify the role of government in overcoming this law abuse in social media
and online issue.
1.4 Research Questions

1.4.1 what are the effects of cyber crime to community?

1.4.2 what are the reasons that make this cyber crime increases?

1.4.3 what is the role of government in overcoming this law abuse in social media
and online issue?
1.5 Scope of Study

The study focuses on a groups of different society, which is the surfers. We will try to
find out on how they using the internet acces and what makes they misused of using it. The
study will be based on certain educational institute which have the variety people including
students and lecturers and also the staff.

1.6 Significance of Study

Policy

This significant of the study towards policy is that government should take seriously
about the increases of tne cyber crime cases. They must be more alert and be aware about this
cases. Besides that, the government plays a big role in overcoming this problem. Therefore,
this research can be a guidline on should or shouldn’t the government make an special act on
how to preventing this cases.

Practice

As for the media, they must play their role as a medium between the public and the
government about this issue. The media can show the public about the effect of cyber crime
through their writing or news. Although it is not directly but soon, the public will detect the
negative effect of this case. The public should support the effort that the media has made to
overcome this issue such as giving respond to the media about this case.

1.7 Theory Development

Agenda setting theory describes a very powerful influence of the media – the ability to
tell us what issues are important. As far back as 1922, the newspaper columnist Walter
Lippman was concerned that the media had the power to present images to the public.
McCombs and Shaw investigated presidential campaigns in 1968, 1972 and 1976. In the
research done in 1968 they focused on two elements: awareness and information.
Investigating the agenda-setting function of the mass media, they attempted to assess the
relationship between what voters in one community said were important issues and the actual
content of the media messages used during the campaign. McCombs and Shaw concluded that
the mass media exerted a significant influence on what voters considered to be the major
issues of the campaign. Hence, our local media should take an action about this issue by
spread it out the issue to inform to people about this act that wants to build up by the
government.
CHAPTER 2 – Literature Review (LR)

2.1.1 N a z r i : M e r e g u i d e l i n e s , n o t a m e n d m e n t s t o a c t s

KUALA LUMPUR: The government has prepared special guidelines to clarify to the
public the full import of the Printing Presses and Publications Act (PPPA), Sedition
Act and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) Act.The guidelines set down by the year-
old cabinet's Special Committee to Strengthen the Government's Communications
Strategy, will be presented at the next cabinet meeting for approval.Minister in the
Prime Minister's Department Datuk Seri Nazri Abdul Aziz said following this, the
guidelines on the 'dos' and 'dont's' under the three laws will be taken to the public in a
national roadshow.Nazri said the roadshow would have public meetings between
officials from the Attorney-General's Chambers, Home Ministry, Royal Malaysian
Police, the MCMC, journalists, bloggers and the interested public. Nazri, who was
speaking to reporters after chairing the meeting of the special committee at the
Parliament House here yesterday, said that contrary to recent rumours, the government
had not amended any of the three acts.The special committee consists of officials from
the Prime Minister's Department, Home Ministry and the Information,
Communications and Culture Ministry.The respective ministers, Datuk Seri
Hishammuddin Hussein and Datuk Seri Rais Yatim were also present at the press
meet. Nazri said: "The guidelines that we have drawn up should not be misconstrued
as amendments to the acts. "The guidelines are nothing new as it is our intention to
make it easier for people to understand. At the moment some people do not understand
these acts."Nazri said the guidelines were meant for the public to know what they can
and cannot do, when the government can take action and why it takes some time to
take action.He said although the government had, for instance, promised freedom in
cyberspace but, if the country's security was affected, it can set aside what had been
promised and action can be taken.Nazri said the guidelines were drawn up to address
the new phenomenon of people talking about freedom of the press and freedom of
expression and taking it to mean that they have the freedom to lie, commit slander and
do anything, even if it affects national security. He said: "When you look at the blogs
and in Facebook, you will see that not many people know what they can or cannot do.
 "They do not know that they cannot abuse these laws."Nazri said of the 217
complaints received about alleged offences involving online content, 175 were struck
out with no further action taken, 23 cases were issued compounds, 13 were charged in
court and six required further investigation.Hishammuddin, meanwhile, cleared the air
on the discontent among some quarters due to his ministry's secretary-general Datuk
Seri Mahmood Adam's statement on Tuesday that the PPPA would be amended to
cover "publications" posted online and plug loopholes. Hishammuddin said the
proposed amendments to the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 were still at
the early stages of discussion.He said the proposal announced by Mahmood was still at
the early stages, adding that the latter had only given his view. (New Straits Time,
Januari 27, 2011)

2.1.2 Bloggers against move to control online content

KUALA LUMPUR: The proposed amendments to the Printing Presses and

Publications Act 1984 (PPPA) to include online content has come under fire from
bloggers and journalists. Datuk Ahirudin Attan, who is known for his Rocky's Bru
blog, said the amendments came as a shock to him."It sounds like a joke or there must
be a mistake somewhere. It is not possible to include online content under this Act as
PPPA is not even suitable to be used on traditional media. It is like putting a square
peg in a round hole," he told the New Straits Times yesterday.He said the
announcement went against the positive attitude of the government towards the new
media."He (Home Ministry secretary-general Datuk Seri Mahmood Adam) should not
even have announced it. "The prime minister had previously said on several occasions
that he appreciated the new media."The amendment sounds like someone is trying to
tie the hands of the new media."Moreover, our former prime minister Tun Dr Mahathir
Mohamad had promised the world back in 1990s that the country will not control the
Internet." Malaysiakini editor-in-chief Steven Gan, in echoing the sentiment, said it
would allow the government to put pressure on the online media.The proposed
amendment, he said, would require the online media to apply for a licence."This
means that we need government approval to put out news and go back to the Home
Ministry every year to renew the publishing and printing permit," he said, adding that
unlike traditional media, the new media currently did not have to adhere to such
procedures.He said the amendment will also put the online media at risk of being
banned if they were found guilty in court."Currently, we are bound by the Sedition Act
and we can still defend ourselves in court under this act. Under the PPPA, however, it
will be impossible to do that as the Home Ministry's decision cannot be challenged in
court." Bernama had on Tuesday quoted Mahmood as saying that the government
planned to expand the scope of the act to include 'publications' posted online including
Facebook and YouTube, besides plugging loopholes due to the changing landscape of
the media.The ministry, Mahmood had said, was working with the Attorney-General's
Chambers to study the proposed amendments and was hoping to table it in Parliament
by March.Malaysiakini chief executive officer, Premesh Chandran, said the extension
of the PPPA would contradict the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998."To
require an online portal to get a licence for its operations is a form of censorship."
National Union of Journalists Malaysia (NUJM) general-secretary V. Anbalagan said
the country had sufficient legislation to monitor the contents of the Internet. "As for
NUJM, we think the amendment should not be in place, but the PPPA should also be
scrapped." The media, he said, should not be restricted by the PPPA as the act was
first introduced by the British during the colonial period."The country is an
independent nation now and the act is no longer relevant. "The act should be abolished
but an independent council should be formed to investigate complaints against the
media. "Those who feel that the mainstream media or new media are reporting
malicious information can report directly to the council."He said legislation should be
the last resort as writers, bloggers and journalists were more independent and
responsible today."The government can always take action against irresponsible
writers by using existing acts like the Sedition Act 1948." Anbalagan said the ministry
should first seek media opinion on the matter before introducing the
amendment.Meanwhile, Bar Council president, Ragunath Kesavan, said it was
impossible to monitor the contents of the Internet."It is not practical at all. We have
people in other parts of the world too, writing about Malaysia. It's going to be difficult
for the government to trace them."The proposed amendment is also going to damage
the country's image as the move will be seen as a violation of human rights."
University Sains Malaysia School of Communication programme chairman
(Journalism) Dr Nik Norma Nik Hasan said the proposed amendment should not
prevent the public from receiving true, fair and timely information."People should be
given the opportunity to access information. They are mature enough to analyse and
digest the information they receive. Hence, information flow should not be restricted
in any form." Avid Facebook user, Sapian Mamat, however, felt the proposed
amendments were good as they would "put Facebook users on a leash."He said many
users had been using Facebook irresponsibly by sharing information which might
affect sensitivities."Facebook has made it possible for anyone to immediately spread
information or remarks which can cause chaos and divide the people. "Although the
site is meant as a vehicle for expression, some people have misused it for their own
benefit.” (News Straits Times, March 25, 2010)
CHAPTER 3 - Methodology

3.1 Research Design- Qualitative Research

As quoted from Robert Thompson, qualitative research is research involving detailed,

verbal descriptions of characteristics, cases, settings, people or systems obtained by
interacting with, interviewing and observing the subject. Qualitative research typically starts
with use of a document review to collect data (2007).

3.2 Qualitative Research

Qualitative research seeks out the ‘why’, not the ‘how’ of its topic through
the analysis of unstructured information – things like interview transcripts, open
ended survey responses, emails, notes, feedback forms, photos and videos. It
doesn’t just rely on statistics or numbers, which are the domain of quantitative
researchers.

Qualitative research is used to gain insight into people's attitudes,

behaviours, value systems, concerns, motivations, aspirations, culture or
lifestyles. It’s used to inform business decisions, policy formation, communication
and research. Focus groups, in-depth interviews, content analysis, ethnography,
evaluation and semiotics are among the many formal approaches that are used,
but qualitative research also involves the analysis of any unstructured material,
including customer feedback forms, reports or media clips.

3.3 Data Collection

The researcher will be using the depth interview for data collection. An in-depth
interview is a conversation with an individual conducted by trained staff that usually collects
specific information about one person. In-depth interviews are often used when an agency
doesn’t know much about a population and wants to get preliminary ideas from the
participants. Some agencies use in-depth interviews to obtain information that they can then
use to develop quantitative surveys once they have a better handle on what’s going on with
their participants. Others find that interviews give them all the information they need without
conducting a later survey. When you obtain your data via in-depth interviews you usually
have a smaller sample and do not use random methods to select your participants. As a result,
the results may not generalize to people who were not interviewed.

3.4 Sample

For this research, the researcher will be interview about five males and females student
from UiTM Alor Gajah Melaka. The researcher decide to interview these people based on
their experiences and knowledge in surfing. Purposive sampling is a form of non -probability
sampling. This is the type of sampling that will be used to select the women.

3.5 Data Analysis

The researcher is going to use Thematic Data Analysis to analyze the data collected in
the interview session with entire sample. Thematic data analysis is the one of the ways to
process the data. The method researcher use will depend on the topic, personal preferences
and the time, equipment and finances available. Qualitative data analysis is a very personal
process, with few rigid rules and procedures.

When data is analyzed by theme,it is called thematic analysis. This type of analysis is
highly inductive, that is, the themes emerges from the data and not imposed upon it by the
researcher. In this type, the data collection and analysis take place simultaneously.
 FACULTY of COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA

DIPLLOMA in COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA

COM361 – INTRODUCTION to COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

PREPARED BY:

MOHD NAIM BIN ALIAS (2008564819)

MC1105A
 PREPARED FOR:

Ms. SITI FAIDUL MAISARAH BINTI ABDULLAH

SUBMISSION’S DATE:

JANUARY 28th, 2011

Reference

http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/agendasetting.htm

http://econsultancy.com/us/reports/social-media-and-online-pr-report

http://gigaom.com/collaboration/the-problem-with-social-media/

http://www.grokdotcom.com/2007/12/28/social_media_blog_problems/

http://www.nst.com.my/nst/articles/6bad/Article/