Global Journal of Mathematical Sciences: Theory and Practical.

Volume 2, Number 1 (2010), pp. 265--270

© International Research Publication House
http://www.irphouse.com

On Projective φ -Recurrent Lorentzian Para-

Sasakian Manifolds

Dhruwa Narain, Sunil Kumar Yadav and Sudhir Kumar Dubey*

Department of Mathematics & Statistics

D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India
E-mail: profdndubey@yahoo.co.in, prof_sky16@yahoo.com
*Institute of Technology and Management,
AL-1, Sec-7, GIDA, Gorakhpur (UP), India

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold

and prove that any projective φ -recurrent Lorentzian Para-Sasakian manifold
having a non-zero constant sectional curvature is locally projective φ -
symmetric manifold.

Mathematical Subject Classification (2000): 53C05, 53C25, 53D15.

Keywords: LP-Sasakian manifold, Projective φ -symmetric manifold,

Projective φ -recurrent manifold, η -Einstein manifold.

Introduction
In 1989, K. Matsumoto [6] introduced the notion of LP-Sasakian manifold. Then I.
Mihai and R. Rosca [5] introduced the same notion independently and they obtained
several results on this manifold. An LP-Sasakian manifolds have also been studied by
K. Matsumoto and I. Mihai [7], U. C. De., K. Matsumoto and A. A. Shaikh, [4]. T.
Takahashi [8] introduced the notion of locally φ -symmetric Sasakian manifold and
obtained some interesting properties. Many authors like U. C. De and G. Pathak [2],
Venkatesh and C. S. Bagewadi [1], A. A. Shaikh and U. C. De [3] have extended this
notion to 3-dimensional Kenmotsu, trans-Sasakian and LP-Sasakian manifold
respectively.
In this paper we study a projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold which is
generalization of locally projective φ -symmetric LP-Sasakian manifold and prove
266 Dhruwa Narain et al

that projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold is an η -Einstein manifold and a

projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold having a non-zero constant sectional
curvature is locally projective φ -symmetric manifold.

Preliminaries
A differentiable manifold M 2n +1 of ( 2n + 1 )-dimension is called an LP-Sasakian
manifold ([6], [7]) if it admits a (1, 1) -type tensor field φ , a contravariant vector field ξ ,
a 1 -form η and a Lorentzian metric g , satisfy
φ 2 = I +η ⊗ξ 2.1
η (ξ ) = −1 2.2
g (φX , φY ) = g ( X , Y ) + η ( X )η (Y ) 2.3
(i) ∇ X ξ = φX 2.4
(ii) g( X ,ξ ) = η( X )
(∇ X φ )(Y ) = g ( X , Y )ξ + 2η ( X )η (Y ) 2.5

where ∇ denotes the operator of covariant differentiation with respect to

Lorentzian metric g .
It can be easily seen that in an LP-Sasakian manifold the following relations hold
φξ = 0 , η (φξ ) = 0 2.6

If we put
Ω ( X , Y ) = g ( X , φY ) 2.7

for any vector fields X and Y , then the tensor field Ω ( X , Y ) is a symmetric
(0, 2) tensor field[6].
Since the vector field η is closed in an LP-Sasakian manifold, we have ([6],[4])
(∇ X η )(Y ) = Ω( X , Y ) , Ω( X , ξ ) = 0 2.8

for any vector fields X and Y .

In an LP-Sasakian manifold, the following relations hold
g ( R( X , Y ) Z , ξ ) = η ( R ( X , Y ) Z = g (Y , Z )η ( X ) − g ( X , Z )η (Y ) 2.9
R( X , Y )ξ = η (Y ) X − η ( X )Y 2.10
S ( X , ξ ) = 2 nη ( X ) 2.11
S (φX , φY ) = S ( X , Y ) + 2nη ( X )η (Y ) 2.12

for any vector fields X , Y and Z ; where R( X , Y ) Z is the curvature tensor, and S
is the Ricci tensor.

Definition 1. An LP-Sasakian manifold is said to be locally φ -symmetric if

On Projective φ -Recurrent Lorentzian Para-Sasakian Manifolds 267

φ 2 ((∇ W R)( X , Y ) Z ) = 0 2.13

for all fields X , Y , Z , W orthogonal to ξ .

Definition 2. An LP-Sasakian manifold is said to be locally projective φ -symmetric if

φ 2 ((∇ W P)( X , Y ) Z ) = 0 2.14

for all fields X , Y , Z , W orthogonal to ξ .

Definition 3. An LP-Sasakian manifold is said to be projective φ -recurrent

manifold if there exists a non-zero 1 − form A such that
φ 2 ((∇ W P )( X , Y ) Z ) = A(W ) P( X , Y ) Z 2.15

for arbitrary vector fields X , Y , Z , W , where P is a projective curvature tensor

given by
P( X , Y ) Z = R( X , Y ) Z −
1
[S (Y , Z ) X − S ( X , Z )Y ] 2.16
2n − 1

where R is the curvature tensor.

Projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold.

Let us consider a projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold. Then by virtue of
(2.1) and (2.15), we get
(∇ W P)( X , Y ) Z + η ((∇ W P)( X , Y ) Z )ξ = A(W ) P( X , Y ) Z 3.1

from which it follows that

g ((∇ W P)( X , Y ) Z , U ) + η ((∇ W P)( X , Y ) Z )η (U ) = A(W ) g ( P( X , Y ) Z , U )
3.2
Let {ei }, i = 1, 2, 3............, 2n + 1 be an orthonormal basis of the tangent space at any point
of the manifold, putting X = U = ei in (3.2) and taking summation over i , 1 ≤ i ≤ 2n + 1 ,
we get
−2η ( P (ei , Y )∇ W Z ) − 2η ( P(ei , ∇ W Y ) Z + 2η ((∇ W R)(ei , Y ) Z 3.3
+ 2η ( R(ei , ∇ W Y ) Z ) + 2η ( R (ei , Y )∇ W Z +
2
[(∇ W S )(Y , Z )
2n − 1
+ S (∇ W Y , Z ) + (Y , ∇ W Z ) + (∇ W S )(ei Z )η (Y ) + S (ei , ∇ W Z )η (Y )
⎡ 2n ⎤ ⎡ 1 ⎤
+ S (ei , Z )η (∇ W Y )] = ⎢ − 1⎥η (Y )η ( Z ) A(W ) + ⎢ S (Y , Z ) − g (Y , Z ) A(W )⎥
⎣ 2 n − 1 ⎦ ⎣ 2 n − 1 ⎦

putting Z = ξ in (3.2) and using (2.4), (2.11), we get

1
(∇ W S )(Y , ξ ) = −(2n − 1) g (Y , φW ) − η (Y ) A(W ) 3.4
2
Now we have
(∇ W S )(Y , ξ ) = (∇ W S )(Y , ξ ) − S (∇ W Y , ξ ) − S (Y , ∇ W ξ )
268 Dhruwa Narain et al

using (2.4) and (2.11) in the above relation, we get

(∇ W S )(Y , ξ ) = 2ng (Y , φW ) − S (Y , φW ) 3.4

from (3.3) and (3.4), we get

1
S (Y , φW ) = 2ng (Y , φW ) + (2n − 1) g (Y , φW ) + η (Y ) A(W ) 3.5
2

Replacing Y by φY in (3.5) and using (2.3), (2.6), (2.12), we get

S (Y , W ) = (4n − 1) g (Y , W ) + (2n − 1)η (Y )η (W )

we state the result

Theorem (3.1): A projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold ( M 2 n+1 , g ) is an η -

Einstein manifold.
Further form (3.1), we have
(∇ W P)( X , Y ) Z = −η ((∇ W P)( X , Y ) Z )ξ + A(W ) P ( X , Y ) Z 3.6

This implies that

(∇ W R)( X , Y ) Z = −η ((∇ W R)( X , Y ) Z )ξ + A(W ) R ( X , Y ) Z 3.7
A(W )[S (Y , Z ) X − S ( X , Z )Y ] S
1
−
2n − 1

from (3.7) and using Bianchi identity, we get

A(W )η ( R( X , Y ) Z + A( X )η ( R(Y , W ) Z ) + A(Y )η ( R(W , X ) Z ) =
1
[S (Y , Z )η ( X ) 3.8
2n − 1
− S ( X , Z )η (Y ) + S (W , Z )η (Y ) − S (Y , Z )η (W )
+ S ( X , Z )η (W ) − S (W , Z )η ( X )]

using (2.9) in (3.8), we get

A(W )[g (Y , Z )η ( X ) − g ( X , Z )η (Y )] + A( X )[g (W , Z )η (Y ) − g (Y , Z )η (W )] 3.9
+ A(Y )[g ( X , Z )η (W ) − g (W , Z )η ( X )] = [S (Y , Z )η ( X ) − S ( X , Z )η (Y )
1
2n − 1
+ S (W , Z )η (Y ) − S (Y , Z )η (W ) + S ( X , Z )η (W ) − S (W , Z )η ( X )]

putting Y = Z = ei in (3.9) and taking summation over i , 1 ≤ i ≤ 2n + 1 , we get

A(W ) η ( X ) = A( X )η (W ) 3.10

for all vector field X , W replacing X by ξ in (3.10), we get

A(W ) = −η (W )η ( ρ ) 3.11

for any vector filed w , where A(ξ ) = g (ξ , ρ ) = η ( ρ ) , ρ being the vector field associated
to the 1-form A , i.e. g ( X , ρ ) = A( X ) .
We state the results
On Projective φ -Recurrent Lorentzian Para-Sasakian Manifolds 269

Theorem (3.2): In a projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold ( M 2 n+1 , g ) , n ≥ 1 ,

the characteristic vector field ξ and the vector field ρ associated to 1-form A are not
co-directional and the 1-form A is given by
A(W ) = −η (W )η ( ρ )

In a projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold, the sectional curvature of the

plane π ⊂ T p M defined by
K p (π ) = g ( R( X , Y )Y ,. X ) 3.12

is a non-zero constant k , where { X , Y } is any orthonomal basis of π , then we have

g ((∇ Z R)( X , Y )Y , X ) = 0 3.13

Again from (2.16), we have

(∇ Z P )( X , Y )Y = (∇ Z R)( X , Y )Y

in view of (3.12) and (3.13), we have

g ((∇ Z P)( X , Y )Y , X ) = 0 3.14

by virtue of (3.14) and (3.1), we get

((∇ Z P )( X , Y )Y , ξ )η ( X ) = A( Z ) g ( P( X , Y )Y , X ) 3.15

from (3.15) it follows that

A( Z )[S (Y , Y ) g ( X , X ) − S ( X , Y ) g (Y , X )]
1
kA( Z ) = 3.16
2n − 1
−
1
[(∇ W S )(Y , Y )η ( X ) − S (∇ W Y , Y )η ( X ) + S (Y , ∇ W Y )η ( X )
2n − 1
+ S (Y , Y )η (∇ W X ) − (∇ W S )( X , Y )η (Y ) − S (∇ W X , Y )η (Y )
− S ( X , ∇ W Y )η (Y ) − S ( X , Y )η (∇ W Y )]η ( X )
− η ( ρ (∇ W X , Y )Yη ( X ) − η ( ρ ( X , ∇ W Y )Yη ( X ) − η ( ρ ( X , Y )∇ W Y )η ( X )
+ η ((∇ W R )( X , Y )Yη ( X ) + η ( R (∇ W X , Y )Yη ( X ) + η ( R( X , ∇ W Y )Y )η ( X )
+ η ( R( X , Y )∇ W Y )η ( X )

putting Y = Z = ξ in (3.16) and simplifying, we get η ( ρ ) = 0 , using (2.15) in (3.11), we

obtain
φ 2 ((∇ W P)( X , Y ) Z ) = 0 .

we state the result

Theorem (3.3): If a projective φ -recurrent LP-Sasakian manifold ( M 2 n+1 , g ) (n > 1)

has a non-zero sectional curvature, then it reduces to a locally projective φ -symmetric
manifold.
270 Dhruwa Narain et al

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