Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Ana ChavarrIa *
Alvaro Cordero **
ABSTI:tACT
Liming of Costa Rica ultisols. III. Biological test and nutrient uptake.
The effect of increasing CaCO3 rates was studied under greenhouse conditions,
using sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.) as an indicator plant. A basic fertilization
with nutrient solution was applied. This solution was prepared on the basis of a
previous retention study for P, K, Cu, Mn, B and S. Two consecutive sowing
periods were established for each treatment, with a 6 week interval between them,
in order to evaluate the residual effect of each liming rate. For each planting and
liming rate, plant height (cm), foliar fresh weight (g) and foliar and root dry weight
(g) were measured, as well as absorption (mg/20 plants) of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe,
Cu, Zn and Mn. The 3X liming level accounted for the highest values for all
measured parameters, coincident with the highest P, Ca and Mg absorption. An
overliming effect was generally observed at the 4X level; both, dry matter
production and nutrient absorption, were drastically depressed by this dosis. P
problems of these extremely acid soils was not solved entirely with liming. To
increase yield, it was necessary to combine phosphorus fertilization with lime
application. The residual effect of CaCO3 was highly favorable; the influence
of lime on chemical properties of the studied soils, remained throughout the period
of the experiment (12 months). A higher potential fertility of the Sarapiquf, Puerto
Viejo and Juntas de Pacuare soils was observed, as compared to La Rita and Los
Angeles soils.
Cuadro 1. Niveles de CaCO. (tfha) utilizados en la prueba de invernadero en cinco Ultisoles de Costa Rica.
Niveles de neutralizacion de Al
Suelos Al IX 2X 3x 4X
(cmol(+)/kg)
'"
Elementoagregadoftratamiento
(mg/kg)
Suelo Trat.
N* p* K* Mg In. Mn* Mo
0 75 340 122 2
1 75 340 122 0,5 2
Sarapiquf 2 75 380 122 1,5 2
3 75 450 183 8,0 29 2
4 75 430 305 7,5 30 2
0 75 440 122 3,0 2
1 75 430 50 122 3,5 2
La Rita 2 75 480 35 244 2,0 2
3 75 490 75 305 5,0 2
4 75 500 75 427 9,0 2
0 75 220 2
1 75 240 122 2
PuertoViejo 2 75 250 122 6,0 2
3 75 340 305 11,5 5 2
4 75 300 305 16,0 43 2
0 75 350 122 2
1 75 375 122 1,0 2
Los Angeles 2 75 410 183 2,5 2
3 75 590 305 2
4 75 550 366 2
0 75 520 61 2
1 75 435 61 4,5 2
Juntasde 2 75 410 122 6,5 2
Pacuare 3 75 430 244 11,0 2
4 75 480 244 . 13,0 2
* Valoresobtenidosmediantecurvasde sorcionen cadatratamiento.Los elementosCa,Fe,Cu, S y B no Cuenecesario
agregarlos
en solucion.
170 AGRONOMIA COSTARRICENSE
E.:
~ 750
~
~Q,90 , ~:
0 ,.. Q,
-~
M
..
'"
,
M
0
-0;,
~-
.. 500 ...
- ---
:= '"
0
'"" 50 ::0
0 '-
" 8
~
1A
~
10 -..
1 perlodo siembra
II perlodo siembra i
..
.~
50
- 1perlodo siembra
--- 11perlodo siembra
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Gradosneutralizacion
aluminiointerc. Gradosneutralizacion
aluminiointerc.
-"
Q,
C
.!! 50 0
".
Q,
0 £j
~ ';;;"250
~ '"
.. C
1:: .!!
';.. 30 "
Q,
0 "0
" '"
1A ~ 1penD
' d . bra
' ::: - 0 slem
~
S 10 _I
. -- IIpenodo de siembra
perlodo de siembra
<
--- II perlodo siembra
200
0 1 2 3 4 0 . 1 2 3' 4
Fig. I. Efecto de dosis crecientes de CaCO 3sobre el peso seco (a), peso fresco foliar (b), peso seco de raices (c) y altura de plantas
(d) de sorgo, luego de dos perfodos de siembra en cinco suelos acidos, Costa Rica,
CHAVARRIAy CORDERO:
Encalado
deUltisoles.III. 171
lizando veinte plantas de sorgo (Sorghum vulgare BRENES, E.; PEARSON, R.W. 1973. Root response of
L. VaT. 'Cow Candy') par maceta como planta in- three gramineaespeciesto soil acidity in an Oxisol and
dicadora. Con base en los resultados obtenidos en an Ultisol. Soil Science116:295-302.
estudi~s de reten~i6n de P, K, Co, Zn, Mn,. B y CHAVARRIA, A.; CORDERO,A. 1987.Encaladodeultisoles
S prevlamente reallzados, se prepararon SOIUCIOneS en Costa Rica I. Metodologfa, pH, acidez extrafble y
nutritivas las cuales se emplearon en la fertilizaci6n cationes(K, Ca, Mg). Turrialba 37(1):1-8.
basica de los diferentes niveles de encalado. Se
bl . d ' d d . b . DIAZ-ROMEU, R.; HUNTER, A. 1978. Metodologfa de
esta .eCleron ospeno os
.,
eSlem ra consecuhvos,
, muestreo d e sue I os A n"" I.. f . d
ISIS qu mlco
I ..
e sue os y teJI d 0
de selS semanas de duraclon carla uno, evaluandose vegetalen invemadero. Turrialba, CostaRica, CATIE.
de esta maDera el efecto residual de las dosis de 62 p.
encalado empleadas. .
Ed. b al ' I I d I ta EVANS, C.E.; KAMPRATH, E. J. 1970. Lime responseas
n ca a Slem r~ seev uo a a tura e p ~ S related topercentAl saturation, solution Al andorganic
(cm), peSOfresco foliar (g) y peso secofoliar y mattercontent. Soil Science Societyof America
radical (g), asl comola absorci6n (mg/20plantas) Proceedings 34:893-896.
denutrimentos(N,
. I dId
P, K, Ca,Mg,Fe, Co, ZnyMn) FOY, C.D.; BROWN, J.C. 1964. ToxIc
. factors m... acid solis.
en carla mve, ~ enca a o. .. II Differential aluminum tolerance of plant species. Soil