Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Power Electronics
Module 1: Introduction
By
Ned Mohan
Professor of ECE
University of Minnesota
Reference Textbook:
First Course on Power Electronics by Ned Mohan,
www.mnpere.com
Converter
Source Load
Controller
Figure 1-1 Power electronics interface between the source and the load.
The power electronics interface facilitates the transfer of power from the source to the
load by converting voltages and currents from one form to another, in which it is possible
for the source and load to reverse roles. The controller shown in Fig. 1-1 allows
management of the power transfer process in which the conversion of voltages and
currents should be achieved with as high energy-efficiency and high power density as
possible.
24 V (dc) 5 V (dc)
0.5 V (dc)
Controller Vo ,ref
(a) (b)
Figure 1-2 Regulated low-voltage dc power supplies.
Battery
Cell (1.5 V) 9 V (dc)
Electric
Drive
Power
Processing Motor Load
fixed Unit (PPU)
form
speed /
Electric Source adjustable
form position
(utility)
Sensors
input command
(speed / position)
Power High
Electronics Frequency
Interface AC
Utility
Power DC
Electronics
Interface
Utility
Lighting 19%
IT
14%
Outlet
Adjustable
Speed Drive
(ASD)
Inlet
utility
Pump
Power CFL
Electronics
Interface
Utility
Figure 1-10 Hybrid electric vehicles with much higher gas mileage.
DC Input Power
Electronics
Interface
Utility
(b)
(a)
Figure 1-11 Photovoltaic Systems.
Generator
and
Power Electronics
Utility
Uninterruptible
Power Supply
Utility Critical
Load
500
450
400
Power Rating
350
150
Power
Electronics Output to Load
Interface
- Adjustable DC
utility - Sinusoidal AC
- High-frequency AC
conv1 conv2
utility Load
controller
AC1 AC2
ia
va daA daB daC
vA vB vC
vb dbA dbB dbC
vc dcA dcB dcC
conv1 conv2
utility Load
controller
• Group 2 High-frequency ac in
- compact fluorescent lamps
- induction heating
- regulated dc power supplies where the dc output voltage needs to be
electrically isolated from the input, and the load-side converter
internally produces high-frequency ac, which is passed through a
high-frequency transformer and then rectified into dc.
+
qA = 1
vvA
Vin A Vin
+
vA
- - 00
t
qA
(a) (b)
Figure 1-20 Switching power-pole as the building block in converters.
d A ( = Tup / Ts )
Tup
vA = Vin = d AVin 0 ≤ dA ≤ 1
Ts
iin 0
d ATs t
Ts
+ iL vA
Vin
Vin
+
vA
+
− vA Vo
0
t
iL
− −
qA 0
t
iin
(a)
0 t
(b)
Vo = v A = d AVin 0 ≤ Vo ≤ Vin
© Copyright Ned Mohan 2008 28
Example 1-2 In the converter of Fig. 1-22a, the input voltage Vin = 20V . The
output voltage Vo = 12V . Calculate the duty-ratio d A and the pulse
width Tup , if the switching frequency f s = 200 kHz .
Vo 12 1
Solution v A = Vo = 12V . Using Eq. 1-4, d A = = = 0.6 and Ts = = 5μs .
Vin 20 fs
Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1-23, Tup = d ATs = 0.6 × 5μ s = 3μ s .
1
qA
0 t
3μ s
5μ s
Vin = 20V
vA Vo = 12V
0
t
Figure 1-23 Waveforms in the converter of Example 1-2.
SwitchingWaveform.Sch
vo Vo
6.0V
4.0V
2.0V
0V
450us 460us 470us 480us 490us 500us
V(vA) V(vo)
Time
DC COMPONENT = 6.080000E+00
DC COMPONENT = 6.083044E+00
iC
0A
-4A
450us 455us 460us 465us 470us 475us 480us 485us 490us 495us 500us
I(L) I(C) I(R)
Time
SwitchingWaveform_AC-Analysis.Sch
(100.000K,-45.867)
-50
-100
100Hz 1.0KHz 10KHz 100KHz 1.0MHz
DB(V(vo)/V(VA))
Frequency