Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Ramiro Liscano
Independent Consultant – Spontaneous Networking
Adjunct Professor at Carleton University
rliscano@ieee.org
Overview
z Where is Bluetooth Positioned in the
Wireless World? (5 min.)
z Bluetooth Protocol Stack (25 min.)
z Bluetooth Applications (15 min.)
z The Future of Bluetooth (5 min.)
What is Bluetooth?
z It is a specification that attempts to provide a
standard method of wireless communication between
various personal devices
z Devices with ranging complexity can utilize
Bluetooth technology: from cellular telephones to
laptop computers
z Has a complete software framework and its own
protocol stack.
z Specifications are driven by a Consortium that was
founded in 1998 by Ericsson Microelectronics, Nokia,
IBM, Toshiba and Intel. http://www.bluetooth.org
Goals
z Cable replacement
z Low Cost (a $5 solution)
z Low Power
z Small Size
z Dynamic networking for devices that
are constantly mobile (not in motion)
FOR MORE INFO...
Specifications are driven by a Consortium that was founded in
1998 by Ericsson Microelectronics, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba and
Intel. http://www.bluetooth.org
Bluetooth and Wireless
WWAN
- Large Coverage
- High Cost
Vehicle
WPAN
- Cable Replacement
Outdoor
- Low Cost
Walk
Mobility
2G Wireless
3G Wireless
Stationary WLAN
WLAN 802.11 - High Speed
- Moderate Cost
Walk
Indoor
Stationary LAN
Desktop Bluetooth
WiFi Bluetooth
• Cable Replacement
LAN Access
• Wireless Ethernet • 1 Mbit/s
• 11 MBits/s • 1 mW
• 1 Watt • Cost < $5.00
• Cost > $ 5.00 • 1-2 Chips
• 3 Chips • Supports:
•Audio
• Application Profiles
• Peer to Peer Comm.
Bluetooth Protocol Stack
Applications
SDP RFComm
Data
rol
t
Con
L2CAP
Audio
Link Manager
Baseband
Radio
RF
Link Manager (LM)
Radio
Radio
Master
S1
S2
• Error Corrections
t
Con
• BT Addressing
L2CAP • Connections
Audio
Link Manager
Baseband
Baseband
RF
Typical Bluetooth Networks
Link Manager (LM)
Baseband
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
Radio
ID1 IDm S1
ID2 ID1
M
ID3 ID3 S2
• M pages “3” with ID3 ID4 PA
GE
ID2
• S3 Replies with ID3
S4 ID3 S3
ID4 ID3
Link Manager (LM)
Radio
ID1 IDm S1
ID1
ID2 M
ID3 IDm S2
• M sends “3” its Device ID4
ID and clock ID2
Radio
z S3 is connected to M
ID1 IDm S1
ID1
ID2 M
ID3 S2
ID4
ID2
S4 S3
IDm
ID4 ID3
Link Manager (LM)
Radio
HV3 30 Bytes
Radio
Symmetric Asymmetric
DM1 108.8 108.8 108.8
2/3 FEC DM3
258.1 387.2 54.4
DM5
286.7 477.8 36.3
Symmetric Asymmetric
• Link Configutation
Con
L2CAP
Audio LMP
Link Manager
Baseband
RF
L2CAP
Baseband
Pairing Authentication
Phone Phone
Headset Headset
Host Software
Data
rol
t
Con
Audio
L2CAP
Interface
HCI
Link Manager
Baseband Firmware
RF
L2CAP
Transport
Host (USB, UART, or RS232)
(processor, Bluetooth
Computer) Module
L2CAP
Logical Link Control and Adaptation
Applications Protocol
SDP RFComm DM • Protocol Multiplexing
• Segmentation and Reassembly of up
Data to 64 Kbyte packets
rol
t
L2CAP L2CAP
HCI
Link Manager
Baseband
RF
RFComm
01 01 01 01
Data
rol
L2CAP
RFComm RFComm
L2CAP L2CAP
z Design considerations
– Framing: assemble bit stream into bytes
and subsequently into packets.
– Transport: reliable in-sequence delivery
of serial stream.
– Control signals: RTS, CTS, DTR
Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
Applications
Data
rol
z Client server model – ironically the
t
Con
Audio
client is a Master device.
z Local Service Repository. L2CAP
z Service advertising. HCI
z Service browsing. Link Manager
Baseband
RF
Application
L2CAP
L2CAP
Client Server
Application Application
L2CAP
z ServiceClassIDlist Service
z ServiceID Record
z ProtocolDescriptorList
Service Attribute 1
z ProviderName Service
Service
Attribute
Attribute
2
3
Service Attribute 4
z IconURL Service Attribute
…
5
…
z ServiceName …
z ServiceDescription
Application
Applications Application
SDP RFComm DM
Data
rol
guarantee interoperability
L2CAP
HCI
Link Manager
Baseband
RF
Application
L2CAP
L2CAP
L2CAP
L2CAP
L2CAP
z Defines 2 Roles
– Audio Gateway (AG) - Device that is the gateway for
the audio channel.
– Headset (HS) - Device acting as remote mechanism.
Audio Gateway Headset
L2CAP L2CAP
Radio Radio
Application
L2CAP
z Constraints:
– The profile mandates the usage of CVSD for transmission of
audio.
– Between headset and audio gateway, only one audio
connection at a time is supported;
– The audio gateway controls the SCO link establishment and
release.
– The profile offers only basic interoperability – for example,
handling of multiple calls at the audio gateway is not included;
– The only assumption on the headset’s user interface is the
possibility to detect a user initiated action (e.g. pressing a
button).
Headset Profile - Incoming Call
HS AG
Single Command
SCO Link Establishment
Ring
Optional Approach
AT+CKPD=200
OK
Data
rol
Bluetooth environment?
L2CAP
HCI
Link Manager
Baseband
RF
Device Management
z Generally, a solution provider creates a
proprietary device management entity that
conforms to the Generic Access Profile
Applications
RFCOMM/SDP
Device
Management
L2CAP