On Lorentzian Para-Sasakian Manifolds

Sunil Kumar Yadav1 , Dhruwa Narain2 and Sudhir Kumar Dubey3

1
Department of Mathematics,
Alwar Institute of Engineering & Technology,
North Ext., M.I.A.,Alwar (Rajashtan)301030,
E-mail: sunil.16184@yahoo.com
2
Department of Mathematics & Statistics
D.D.U.Gorakhpur University,Gorakhpur (India),
Email:profdndubey@yahoo.co.in
3
Institute of Technology and Management,
AL-1, Sec-7, GIDA,Gorakhpur (UP),India

Abstract

The object of the present paper is to study specific properties of curvature

tensors, square length of the Ricci tensor and deduced that if the manifold
satisfies the Codazzi type Ricci tensor then it is R-harmonic manifold.

Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 53C15, 53C25 and 53C05

Key Words: ξ-Concirculrly flat, ξ-Conhormonically flat, Cyclic Ricci ten-

sor, Ricci tensor of Codazzi type, R-hormonic manifold.

1.Introduction

Let (M n , g), n ≥ 3 be a C ∞ Connected semi-Riemannian manifold and ∇

be its Levi-Civita connection, the Riemannian curvature R, the Concircular
curvature tensor C, the Conharmonic curvature tensor L, the Projective
curvature tensor P and the Conformal curvature tensor C̃ of (M n , g) are
defined by ([1],[2])
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R(X, Y )Z = ∇X ∇Y Z − ∇Y ∇X Z − ∇[X,Y ] Z (1.1)

r
C(X, Y )Z = R(X, Y )Z − [g(Y, Z)X − g(X, Z)Y ] (1.2)
n(n − 1)
1
L(X, Y )Z = R(X, Y )Z − [S(Y, Z)X − S(X, Z)Y
(n − 2)
−g(X, Z)QY + g(Y, Z)QX] (1.3)

1
P (X, Y )Z = R(X, Y )Z − [g(Y, Z)QX − g(X, Z)QY ] (1.4)
(n − 1)

1
C̃(X, Y )Z = R(X, Y )Z − [S(Y, Z)X − S(X, Z)Y + g(Y, Z)QX
(n − 2)

r
−g(X, Z)QY ] + [g(Y, Z)X − g(X, Z)Y ] (1.5)
(n − 1)(n − 2)
Respectively, where Q is the Ricci operator defined by S(X, Y ) = g(QX, Y ),
S is the Ricci tensor, r = tr Q is the scalar curvature and X, Y , Z ∈ χ(M ),
χ(M ) being the Lie-algebra of the vector fields of (M n , g).
Matsumota [3] introduced the notion of LP-Sasakian manifold. In [4] the
authors defined the same notion independently and obtained many results.
In section 2, LP-Sasakian manifold is defined and in section 3, the main
results of this paper have been investigated.

2. Preliminaries

Let M n be n-dimensional differentiable manifold with (φ, ξ, η)-structure,

where φ is a (1, 1) tensor field, ξ is a vector field, and η is a 1-form on M n ,
such that

η(ξ) = −1 (2.1)

φ2 (X) = X + η(X)ξ (2.2)

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φξ = 0, rank(φ) = n − 1, η(φX) = 0 (2.3)

then M n admits a Lorntzian metric g, such that

g(φX, φY ) = g(X, Y ) + η(X)η(Y ) (2.4)

and M n is said to admit a Lorentzian almost para-contact structure (φ, ξ, η, g).
In this case we have

g(X, ξ) = η(X) (2.5)

Φ(X, Y ) = g(X, φY ) = g(φX, Y ) = Φ(Y, X) (2.6)

where ∇ is the covariant differentiation with respect to the Lorentzian met-
ric g makes a time like unit vector field, that is g(ξ, ξ) = −1.
The manifold M n equipped with Lorentzian almost para-contact metric
structure (φ, ξ, η, g) is said to be a Lorentzian almost para-contact met-
ric manifold [3]. A Lorentzian almost para-contact metric manifold M n ,
equipped with the structure (φ, ξ, η, g) is called Lorentzian para-contact
metric manifold [3], if
1
Φ(X, Y ) = [(∇X η)Y + (∇Y η)X] (2.7)
2
A Lorentzian almost para-contact metric manifold M n , equipped with the
structure (φ, ξ, η, g) is called LP-Sasakian manifold [3], if

∇X φ)(Y ) = g(φX, φY )ξ + η(Y )φ2 X (2.8)

In LP-Sasakian manifold the 1-form η is closed, also in [3] it is proved that
if a n-dimensional (M n , g) admits a time like unit vector field ξ such that
1-form η associated to ξ is closed then

∇X ∇Y η)Z = g(X, Y )η(Z) + g(X, Z)η(Y ) + 2η(X)η(Y )η(Z) (2.9)

Further, on such LP-Sasakian manifold (M n , g), the following relation holds

R(X, Y )ξ = η(Y )X − η(X)Y (2.10)

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R(X, ξ)ξ = −X − η(X)ξ (2.11)

S(X, ξ) = (n − 1)η(X) (2.12)

S(φX, φY ) = S(X, Y ) + (n − 1)η(X)η(Y ) (2.13)

An LP-Sasakian manifold (M n , g) is said to be η-Einstein if its Ricci tensor
S is of the form

S(X, Y ) = ag(X, Y ) + bη(X)η(Y ) (2.14)

for any vector fields X, Y , where a, b are functions on M n ([1],[2]).
In particular if b = 0 then η-Eisntein reduces to Einstein manifold.
Further, since ξ is a killing vector, S and r remain constant under it.
Then h̄ S = 0 and h̄ r = 0, where h̄ denotes Lie-derivative.
ξ ξ
Definition 1: A differentiable manifold (M n , g), n ≥ 3 is said to be ξ-
Concircularly flat, if C(X, Y )ξ = 0.
Theorem 1: Let (M n , g), n ≥ 3 be an LP-Sasakian manifold M n is ξ-
Concicularly flat if and only if the scalar curvature r = n(n − 1).
Proof: For ξ-Concircularly flat LP-Sasakian manifold M n , we have from
(1.1)
r
R(X, Y )ξ = [g(Y, ξ)X − g(X, ξ)Y ] (2.15)
n(n − 1)
using (2.5),(2.10) in (2.15), we get
! !
r r
1− η(Y )X + −1 + η(X)Y = 0
n(n − 1) n(n − 1)

puttingY = ξ, yields r = n(n − 1).

Conversely, if r = n(n − 1), putting Z = ξ in (1.2) and using (2.10), we get
C(X, Y )ξ = 0.
That is the manifold is ξ-Concircularly flat.
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Definition 2: A differentiable manifold (M n , g), n ≥ 3 is said to be ξ-

conhormonically flat, if L(X, Y )ξ = 0.
Theorem 2: Let (M n , g), n ≥ 3 be a ξ-Conhormonically flat LP-Sasakian
manifold. Then the manifold (M n , g) is an η-Einstein manifold.
Proof: For ξ-Conhormonically flat LP-Sasakian manifold, from (1.3), we
have

1
R(X, Y )ξ = [S(Y, ξ)X − S(X, ξ)Y − g(X, ξ)QY + g(Y, ξ)QX] ,
(n − 2)
(2.16)
using (2.10),(2.12) and (2.5) in (2.16), we have
1 n
   
QX = X+ η(X)ξ
n−2 n−2
That is manifold M n is an η-Einstein manifold.
1 n
where a = n−2 , b = n−2
Hence proof is complete.
Corollary: In a ξ-Conhormonically flat LP-Sasakian manifold M n , n ≥ 3
the scalar curvature vanishes.
Theorem (3): If ξ-Conhormonically flat LP-Sasakian manifold M n , n ≥ 3
satisfying the Cyclic Ricci tensor, then the manifold is a space form or
manifold of constant curvature.
Proof: Let ξ-Conhormonically flat LP-Sasakian manifold satisfying the
cyclic Ricci tensor, then we have

(∇X S)(Y, Z) + (∇Y S)(Z, X) + (∇Z S)(X, Y ) = 0 (2.17)

Putting Y = Z = ei in eqation(2.17) and taking summation over i, 1 ≤ i ≤
3, we get

(∇X S)(ei , ei ) + 2(∇ei S)(ei , X) = 0 (2.18)

Now (∇X S)(ei , ei ) = ∇X S(ei , ei ) − 2S(∇X ei , ei )
where r = i S(ei , ei ) and {ei } is an orthonormal basis, we have∇X ei = 0,
P

then
 6

(∇X S)(ei , ei ) = ∇X r (2.19)

Since S(X, Y ) = g(QX, Y ) then

(∇Z S)(X, Y ) = g((∇Z Q)X, Y )

putting Y = Z = ei and taking summation over i, 1 ≤ i ≤ 3, we get

1
(∇ei S)(X, ei ) = dr(X) (2.20)
2
using (2.19), 2.20) in (2.18), we get r is constant.
Hence proof is complete.
From (2.14), we get

r = an − b and δ(ξ, ξ) = b − a (2.21)

where r is the scalar curvature and Q be the symmetric enomorphism of
tangent space at a point corresponding to the Ricci tensor S.
Let l2 be the square length of the Ricci tensor, then from [5]

l2 = S(Qei , ei ) (2.22)
where {ei }, i = 1, 2, ....., n be orthonormal basis of the tangent space at the
point.
From (2.14), we get

S(Qei ei ) = ar + bδ(ξ, ξ) (2.23)

using (2.21), (2.22) in (2.23), we get
√
l= a2 n + b2 − 2ab

Theorem 4: In a η-Einstein
√ LP-Sasakian manifold the length of the Ricci
tensor S is given by a n + b2 − 2ab.
2

Again form (2.14), we get

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S(X, ξ) = (a − b)η(X)

This shows that (a − b) is an eigen value of the Ricci tensor S and ξ is an

eigen vector corresponding to the value (a − b). Suppose V be any vector
field orthogonal to ξ, such that

η(V ) = 0 (2.24)
Also from (2.14), we get

S(X, V ) = ag(X, V ) + η(X)η(V ) (2.25)

From (2.24) and (2.25), we get S(X, V ) = ag(X, V )
This shows that a is an eigen value of the Ricci tensor S corresponding to
the eigen vector V .
Theorem 5: In a η-Einstein LP-Sasakian manifold the Ricci tensor S has
two distinct eigen values (a − b) and a of which former is simple and latter
is of multiplicity n − 1.
3. LP-Sasakian η-Einstein Manifold Satisfying Codazzi type of
Ricci tensor.
From (2.14), we get

(∇X S)(Y, Z) = b [(∇X η)(Y )η(Z) + (∇X η)(Z)η(Y )] (3.1)

By cyclic rotation of (3.1), we get

(∇X S)(Y, Z)+(∇Y S)(Z, X)+(∇Z S)(X, Y ) = b {[(∇X η)Y + (∇Y η)X] η(Z)

[(∇X η)Z + (∇Z η)X] η(Y ) + [(∇Y η)Z + (∇Z η)Y ] η(X)}

(∇X S)(Y, Z) + (∇Y S)(Z, X) + (∇Z S)(X, Y ) = 0 (3.2)

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This show that an LP-Sasakian η-Einstein manifold has Cyclic Ricci tensor.
Suppose that manifold has Ricci tensor of Codazzi type [8], that is
(∇X S)(Y, Z) = (∇Y S)(X, Z) then from (3.2), we get
(∇X S)(Y, Z) = 0 i.e. ∇S = 0.
Theorem 6: If η-Einstein LP-Sasakian manifold has Ricci tensor of Co-
dazzi type, then manifold is Ricci symmetric.
Corollary: If η-Einstein LP-Sasakian manifold has Ricci tensor of Codazzi
type, then manifold is R-hormonic, i.e. (divR)(X, Y, Z) = 0

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