Chs. 4, 15, 16 and 17 Review For Final

Final exam review: Chapters 4, 15, 16 and 17
Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
___ 1. The awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived is known as:
A) attachment.
B) conservation.
C) assimilation.
D) object permanence.
E) habituation.
___ 2. In an experiment, children see a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go
away. They then observe another doll, Anne, move the ball to a different location. In asking
children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return, the investigators are testing the
children's:
A) habituation.
B) accommodation.
C) moral reasoning.
D) theory of mind.
E) stranger anxiety.
___ 3. An impaired theory of mind is most closely associated with:

A) fetal alcohol syndrome.
B) crystallized intelligence.
C) concrete operational thought.
D) role confusion.
E) autism.
___ 4. Young children typically try to stay very close to their parents when they are in an unfamiliar
setting. This best illustrates the adaptive value of:
A) habituation.
B) conservation.
C) the rooting reflex.
D) attachment.
E) egocentrism.
___ 5. Mr. Johnson spends time each day caressing and rocking his infant daughter. This time
together should serve most directly to promote:
A) habituation.
B) secure attachment.
C) stranger anxiety.
D) egocentrism.
E) conservation.
___ 6. According to Erikson, committing oneself to meaningful social roles would be most
indicative of the achievement of:
A) integrity.
B) autonomy.
C) competence.
D) initiative.
E) identity.
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___ 7. Compared to the children with authoritarian parents, the children of authoritative parents are:
A) less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social
competence.
B) more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social
competence.
C) less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social
competence.
D) more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social
competence.
___ 8. According to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and
our ideal standards is the:
A) collective unconscious.
B) ego.
C) self-concept.
D) id.
E) superego.
___ 9. Katrinka habitually makes nasty, hostile comments about her teachers. Freud would have
suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the:
A) collective unconscious.
B) superego.
C) ego.
D) id.
E) Oedipus complex.
___ 10. The perception that one can strongly influence the outcome and destiny of one's own life
exemplifies:
A) the self-reference phenomenon.
B) the spotlight effect.
C) the reality principle.
D) an internal locus of control.
E) reciprocal determinism.
___ 11. Learned helplessness is most likely to result from:

A) a self-serving bias.
B) an external locus of control.
C) the false consensus effect.
D) the self-reference phenomenon.
E) an Oedipus complex.
___ 12. Martin Seligman advocates a positive psychology, which focuses on topics such as:
A) optimism.
B) projection.
C) the Barnum effect.
D) external locus of control.
E) free association.
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___ 13. The tendency to accept more personal responsibility for one's successes than for one's failures
best illustrates:
A) reaction formation.
B) an external locus of control.
C) self-serving bias.
D) the self-reference phenomenon.
E) the spotlight effect.
___ 14. One of the Big Five personality factors is:

A) reciprocal determinism.
B) self-actualization.
C) individualism.
D) agreeableness.
E) psychoanalysis.
___ 15. After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband,
Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction
best illustrates:
A) the spotlight effect.
B) an Electra complex.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) learned helplessness.
E) defensive self-esteem.
___ 16. A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment
is a symptom of:
A) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B) dysthymic disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) agoraphobia.
E) dissociation.
___ 17. For his class presentation, Bruce plans to discuss the Big Five personality factors used by
people throughout the world to describe others or themselves. Which of the following is not a
factor that Bruce will discuss?
A) extraversion
B) openness
C) independence
D) conscientiousness
___ 18. Indira, a third-grade teacher, frequently suffers from dizziness, heart palpitations, muscular
tension, and fatigue. She is also continually agitated and unable to relax outside the
classroom, but she cannot pinpoint a reason for her problems. Her behavior is most indicative
of a(n):
A) dysthymic disorder.
B) phobia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.
E) dissociative disorder.
Page 3
___ 19. A major depressive disorder is most likely to be characterized by:
A) delusions of persecution.
B) a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.
C) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
D) a persistent irrational fear of other people.
E) feelings of personal worthlessness.
___ 20. Schizophrenia is most likely to be characterized by:

A) suicidal thoughts.
B) disorganized and fragmented thinking.
C) a lack of guilt feelings.
D) alternations between extreme hopelessness and unrealistic optimism.
E) periodic intervals of uncontrollable violence.
___ 21. In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and
phrases that it could be characterized as a “word salad”?
A) panic disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) dissociative disorder
E) dysthymic disorder
___ 22. A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the:
A) DID.
B) medical model.
C) DSM-IV.
D) biopsychosocial approach.
E) PTSD.
___ 23. Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His
deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to
any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates:
A) schizophrenia.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
E) an antisocial personality disorder.
___ 24. A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is:

A) stress inoculation training.
B) systematic desensitization.
C) observational learning.
D) active listening.
E) free association.
Page 4
___ 25. In order to help Mr. Eberstadt overcome his addiction to alcohol, his therapist first attempted
to discover whether the substance dependency was somehow a reaction to his wife's behavior.
The therapist's concern is most likely to be characteristic of a:
A) psychoanalyst.
B) family therapist.
C) client-centered therapist.
D) biomedical therapist.
E) cognitive therapist.
___ 26. In order to help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax
and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The
therapist's technique best illustrates:
A) psychodynamic therapy.
B) operant conditioning.
C) stress inoculation training.
D) systematic desensitization.
E) client-centered therapy.
___ 27. Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking?

A) EMDR
B) client-centered therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) behavior therapy
___ 28. Which biomedical therapy is most likely to be practiced today?

A) psychosurgery
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) drug therapy
D) counterconditioning
___ 29. Fred has no meaningful occupational goals and has switched college majors several times.
Erikson would have suggested that Fred lacks:
A) identity.
B) initiative.
C) trust.
D) autonomy.
E) competence.
___ 30. It is difficult to successfully train many children to walk before they are 10 months old. This
best illustrates the importance of:
A) assimilation.
B) habituation.
C) accommodation.
D) maturation.
E) secure attachments.
Page 5
___ 31. In formulating his theory of psychosocial development, Erikson would have suggested that
authoritarian parents are likely to inhibit young children's:
A) theory of mind.
B) autonomy and initiative.
C) assimilation and accommodation.
D) conventional morality.
E) habituation.
___ 32. Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond
their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists.
A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) eclectic
D) client-centered
E) behavior
___ 33. Which approach emphasizes the importance of providing patients with feelings of
unconditional acceptance?
A) cognitive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) biomedical therapy
D) client-centered therapy
E) systematic desensitization
___ 34. Psychopharmacology involves the study of how:

A) diseases influence psychological well-being.
B) exercise alleviates depression.
C) drugs affect mind and behavior.
D) physical relaxation reduces anxiety.
E) psychosurgery and ECT influence emotions.
___ 35. When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident, the therapist instructed her
to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience, even if
they were scary or embarrassing. The therapist was making use of a technique known as:
A) active listening.
B) transference.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) free association.
E) aversive conditioning.
___ 36. According to Freud, a patient's hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of:
A) transference.
B) the placebo effect.
C) resistance.
D) spontaneous recovery.
E) meta-analysis.
Page 6
___ 37. While attending college, Saeb impulsively and carelessly spends all his time and money on
“wine, women, and song.” Freud would have suggested that Saeb shows signs of a(n):
A) strong ego.
B) inferiority complex.
C) weak id.
D) Electra complex.
E) weak superego.
___ 38. Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:
A) an Electra complex.
B) learned helplessness.
C) the spotlight effect.
D) self-serving bias.
E) the Barnum effect.
___ 39. The Big Five personality factors are:

A) emotional stability, openness, introversion, sociability, locus of control.
B) neuroticism, extraversion, openness, emotional stability, sensitivity.
C) neuroticism, gregariousness, extraversion, impulsiveness, conscientiousness.
D) emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness.
___ 40. Learned helplessness is most likely to promote:

A) collectivism.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) an internal locus of control.
D) the spotlight effect.
E) pessimism.
Page 7
Answer Key
1. D
object permanence.
Origin: Chapter 4- Multiple Choice, 32
Level: Easy
Page: 149
2. D
theory of mind.
Level: Medium
Page: 151-152
3. E
autism.
Level: Easy
Page: 152
4. D
attachment.
Level: Medium
Page: 155
5. B
secure attachment.
Level: Medium
Page: 155, 156
6. E
identity.
Level: Medium
Page: 171
7. D
more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social
competence.
Origin: Chapter 4- Web Quiz 2, 8
Page: 162
8. E
superego.
Level: Easy
Page: 598
9. D
id.
Level: Medium
Page: 598, 599
10. D
an internal locus of control.
Page 8
Level: Easy
Page: 625
11. B
an external locus of control.
Level: Medium
Page: 625
12. A
optimism.
Level: Easy
Page: 628
13. C
self-serving bias.
Level: Easy
Page: 634
14. D
agreeableness.
Page: 618
15. D
learned helplessness.
Page: 625
16. E
dissociation.
Level: Medium
Page: 656
17. C
independence
Origin: Chapter 15- Study Guide, 41
Page: 618
18. D
generalized anxiety disorder.
Level: Medium
Page: 649
19. E
feelings of personal worthlessness.
Level: Easy
Page: 659
20. B
disorganized and fragmented thinking.
Level: Easy
Page: 669
Page 9
21. C
schizophrenia
Level: Easy
Page: 669, 670
22. C
DSM-IV.
Page: 644
23. E
an antisocial personality disorder.
Page: 677-678
24. E
free association.
Level: Easy
Page: 687
25. B
family therapist.
Level: Medium
Page: 697
26. D
systematic desensitization.
Page: 692
27. C
cognitive therapy
Page: 695
28. C
drug therapy
Page: 711
29. A
identity.
Level: Difficult
Page: 171
30. D
maturation.
Level: Medium
Page: 145-146
31. B
autonomy and initiative.
Level: Medium
Page: 162, 170
Page 10
32. B
cognitive
Level: Easy
Page: 696
33. D
client-centered therapy
Level: Medium
Page: 689
34. C
drugs affect mind and behavior.
Level: Easy
Page: 711
35. D
free association.
Level: Medium
Page: 687
36. C
resistance.
Level: Medium
Page: 687
37. E
weak superego.
Level: Medium
Page: 598
38. D
self-serving bias.
Level: Easy
Page: 634
39. D
emotional stability, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness.
Page: 618
40. E
pessimism.
Level: Medium
Page: 627
Page 11

Chs. 4, 15, 16 and 17 Review For Final

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Chs. 4, 15, 16 and 17 Review For Final

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Final exam review: Chapters 4, 15, 16 and 17

Name: ______________ Date: _

___ 3. An impaired theory of mind is most closely associated with:

___ 11. Learned helplessness is most likely to result from:

___ 14. One of the Big Five personality factors is:

___ 20. Schizophrenia is most likely to be characterized by:

___ 24. A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is:

___ 27. Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking?

___ 28. Which biomedical therapy is most likely to be practiced today?

___ 34. Psychopharmacology involves the study of how:

___ 39. The Big Five personality factors are:

___ 40. Learned helplessness is most likely to promote:

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