Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive et al.
/ (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
AN OVERVIEW OF HUMAN BRAIN HYPOTHERMIA DETECTION
SYSTEM
Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive
M.E VIsem(Embedded system & Computing)
G.H.Raisoni.College of Engineering.
Nagpur, India
ashlesha.nagdive@gmail.com
Abstract: Hypothermia of brain in conditions of
anesthesia with the rectal temperature lowered
down to 33 C produces pronounced prophylactic
effect protecting the brain from anoxia.
Hypothermia occurs mainly during Head Injury,
IschaemicStroke, Prenatal Asphyxia, Cardiac
Surgery, Neurosurgery, Vascular Surgery. The
main objective is develop Human Brain
ES
Hypothermia Detection system, thermoelectric
hypothermic wearable helmet and to develop a
Respiratory Manipulation oxygen mask that is
capable of detecting breathing activities and
indicating breathing rate, intensity and apnea. Brain
hypothermia treatment (BHT) is efficient in
decompressing the intracranial hypertension in
neurosurgery.
A
Keywords: Hypothermia, hypothermic wearable
helmet, Brain hypothermia treatment (BHT),
Respiratory rate meter, Brain computer Interface.
IJ
I.INTRODUCTION:
Reducing oxygen consumption by cerebral
tissue that Causes Craniocerebral Hypothermia
(CCH). Hypothermia of brain is conditions where
rectal temperature lowered down below 33 C. Brain
hypothermia treatment (BHT) is efficient in
decompressing the intracranial hypertension in
neurosurgery. A model integrating
hemodynamic and the thermodynamics
quantitatively predict transient responses of the
elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) to ambient
cooling. As brain hypothermia treatment(BHT)
ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.
Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 052 - 055
Dr. L.G Malik
Professor, Computer Science & Engineering
G.H.Raisoni.College of Engineering.
Nagpur, India
lgmalik@rediffmail.com
consists of simultaneous management of various
T
vital physiological functions, a decoupling control
of intracranial temperature (ICT) and pressure
(ICP) is proposed to give hints on this systemic
medicine.Ischemic brain injury from oxygen
deprivation affects synaptic transmission, axonal
conduction, and cellular action potential firing in a
sequential manner and plays a critical role in
determining characteristics of EEG. Upon the
restoration of normal oxygen supply, recovery of
neurons is contingent upon the severity and
duration of ischemia. The features of the EEG
power spectrum during recovery are known to be
indicative of the course and extent of recovery.
Thus, the information content of the EEG is
expected to include a more direct assessment of the
neuroprotective effect of hypothermia[1].
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is the system
which captures and decodes the brain signal in
order to transform the human intentions directly
into actions. This helps the paralyzed, brain injured,
and spinal cord injured patient to restore their
abilities, particularly in communication, wheelchair
control or rehabilitation.Brain hypothermia
treatment (BHT) requires proper mechanical
the ventilation and therapeutic cooling. The effect of
to temperature on the linear approximations of
hemoglobin–oxygen dissociation, together with
temperature dependency of metabolism.
Page 52
Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 052 - 055

Concerning the respiratory management during however, extracranial data do not exactly reflect
BHT, arterial CO2 partial pressure generally falls brain temperature due to time lag, restricted
below normal if the ventilator is set as in perfusion, and technical limitations. Hence,
normothermia, while the influence of impaired O2 integration of real-time simulation of hemodynamic
delivery to the tissue could be reduced in BHT and temperature may enhance safety of the patient
because of the decline in O2 demand at lower by providing detailed information on perfusion and
temperature. temperature of the organs. The model accounts for
the effects of hypothermia and acid–base
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY management on circulatory regulation and
thermoregulation. The focus of this paper is on the
temperature model and the application to patients
undergoing aortic surgery in deep hypothermia.

T
The World Health Organization has also reported
that depressive disorders are projected to reach
second place in the ranking of disability-adjusted
life years calculated for all ages by 2020.
ES 
III.DESIGN METHODOLOGY:

HBHS consists of a thermoelectric

hypothermic wearable helmet, a control and
a power unit.
Technological achievements of the past
two decades have lead to an exponential increase of  Temperature sensors.

monitoring options in surgery, anesthesia, and  Manipulate temperature dependency of

metabolism.
intensive care. The safety of patients has been
A
considerably enhanced by the availability of  Adaptive control algorithm.
surveillance for a large number of physiological  Design digital respiratory device for
parameters. However, there are still gaps in detecting periodical breathing.

information on actual situations due to  3digit BCD counter CD4553.

IJ

inaccessibility of crucial parameters. Aortic surgery

 AT 89C51 Microcontroller.
in deep hypothermia is still a high-risk
 Single side PCB.
procedure[5].Even newer publications report a
mortality of 12%–16% and permanent neurologic
dysfunction in 4%–10% of patient. Information on IV.BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
cerebral perfusion and temperature is important to
detect a mismatch between oxygen availability and Contemporary views about the nature and

consumption. Conclusions on perfusion can be origins of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals

drawn preoperatively from transcranial and evoked responses (ER’s) are presented.

measurement of blood flow and oxygen saturation, However, a brief review is given below of those

but such data are often not available. Temperature characteristics of the signal that are most relevant

management relies on nasopharyngeal temperature to the present discussion.EEG signals, collected on

the humans clap are fluctuations of electrical

ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved. Page 53

Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
potential that reflect activity in underlying brain
structures and particularly in the cerebral cortex
below the scalp surface. The signal energy appears
confined mostly to low frequencies and especially
around the 1Hz alpha rhythm and below.
Amplitudes vary typically in the 5 to 50-mV range.
This continuous activity is spatially distributed over
the scalp and can be described as a nonstationary
or, at best, piece wise stationary time series.
When a brief sensory stimulus such as a flash
of light or a tap on the forearm is delivered to a
subject, a perturbation of the on-going EEG takes
place, starting after some delay following the initial
event (stimulus) and spreading over half a second
or less. The changes in signal amplitude, due to the
perturbation, are small, and buried in as well as
ES
interacting with the on-going activity. Because of
these conditions, the existence and consistency of
evoked response have been generally shown by
averaging stimulus bound EEG epochs over a
number of stimulations. The averages shows
distinct wave shapes although one location is
clearly more favourable than the other, individual
epochs, however, fluctuate wildly. A tentative
A
classification of these ERP’s can be made as
follows:
Sensory ERP’s: Responses that have been elicited
by visual, auditory, somatosensory and olfactory
IJ
stimuli as well as by direct electrical stimulation of
the afferent pathways. Their presence is most
prominent at short “latencies” (e.g. within 50 to
150 ms).
Motor ERP’s: Responses found accompanying
voluntary movement that may in fact precede the
actual behavioural event. The phenomenon has
been shown for limb movement as well as with
phonation and eye movement.
“Long Latency” Potentials: These refer to
potential changes taking place some 250 to 450 ms
after the initial event. Most prominent in the
ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved.
Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 052 - 055
literature is a positive deflection occluding around
300 ms. In experiments involving a behavioural
task, they are enhanced both by the rarity and the
taker levance of the initial event.
Artifacts: Potential fluctuations of nonneural
origin are called artifacts. These include electro
ocular potentials (EOG) and muscle potentials from
neck, scalp and face (including eye blinks), as well
as electrocardiographic signals (ECG).Event
related potentials have received considerable
attention in recent years and have become an
essential research tool in psychophysiology and
T
human neurophysiology.
IV.FUTURE SCOPE
A number of clinical applications have also
made their appearance and lately sophisticated
evoked response procedures have been developed
to evaluate visual or auditory acuity, chart the
progress of demyelinising diseases that impair
nerve propagation and even to test brain functions
for perceptual and cognitive disorders[9]. However,
as more demand is put on this measure of brain
activity the limitations and inadequacies of time-
locked averages as descriptors of evoked events
become more apparent. The hardware of this
system consists mainly of two major parts: a
wireless physiological signal acquisition module
and an embedded signal processing module. First,
EEG signal was obtained by EEG electrode, and
then was amplified and filtered by EEG amplifier
and acquisition unit in the physiological acquisition
module. Next, EEG signal was pre-processed by
microprocessor unit and transmitted to the
embedded signal processing module wirelessly via
wireless transmission unit. After receiving EEG
signal, it would be monitored and analyzed by our
drowsiness detection algorithm implemented in
embedded signal processing unit
Page 54
Ms.Ashlesha S.Nagdive et al. / (IJAEST) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Vol No. 2, Issue No. 1, 052 - 055

embedded signal processing unit. [5] Z. Khalili, M. H. Moradi,“Emotion Recognition

The spontaneous respiratory simulation is one
main task of medical patient simulator. Based on
the principle of breath, muscle pressure as source
power is input into the breath system. Breath
system is simulated as two lumped compartments,
airway resistance and compliance. The output of
the breath system is the flow of respiratory.
Compared to the former method that two
parameters (R and C) are used as linear coefficient,
we avoided the oversimplifications inherent in
previous models, namely linear treatment of the
System Using Brain and Peripheral Signals:Using
Correlation Dimension to Improve the Results of
EEG” Proceedings of International Joint
Conference on Neural Networks, Atlanta, Georgia,
USA, June, 2009.
[6] L. Gaohua, and H. Kimura, "A mathematical
model of intracranial pressure dynamics for brain
hypothermia treatment," J. Theor. Biol. Vol, 2009.
[7] Wei Liu, Huanqing Feng, Chuanfu Li, Yufeng
Huang, Dehuang Wu and Tong Tong,“ Accelerated
Detection of Intracranial Space-occupying Lesions
with CUDA Based on Statistical Texture Atlas in
Brain HRCT”,2009.
[8] HongLi Zhu LiYuan Bai,“Temperature

T
breathing mechanics. Nonlinear resistance is used Monitoring System Based on AT89C51
Microcontroller” Zhengzhou ,China 2009.
in this model[2].In order to complete the
complicated model and control actuator [9] Dan Wu, Lei Wang, Member, Yuan-Ting
Zhang, Fellow,Bang-Yu Huang, Bo Wang,Shao-Jie
simultaneous, LabVIEW and simulink program are
Lin, and Xiao-Wen Xu,“A Wearable Respiration
ES
used both, simulation interface toolkits (SIT) being
the bridge between the two different languages.
The simulated flow wave is more similar to the real
Monitoring System Based on Digital Respiratory
Inductive Plethysmography”, 31st Annual
International Conference of the IEEE EMBS
Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 2009.
breathing in that the expiratory flow is smoother
[10] N. Watthanawisuth, T. Lomas, A. Wisitsoraat,
than in the linear model. The parameters of Rand A.Tuantranont,”Wireless Wearable Pulse Oximeter
for Health Monitoring using ZigBee Wireless
C can be adjusted by knob in LabVIEW. And the
Sensor Network”,Nanoelectronics and MEMS
controlling peripheral apparatus task can also be Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer
Technology Center (NECTEC), Pathumthani,
accomplished by LabVIEW DAQcard.
A
Thailand ,2009.

V. REFERENCES :

[1] Shao-Hang Hung, Che-Jui Chang,

”Development of Real Time wireless Brain
computer interface for drowsiness detection”,2010.
IJ

[2] He Zhonghai, Shan Fang,”Simulation of

spontaneous respiration nonlinear model driven by
muscle pressure”,2010 International Conference on
E-Health Networking, Digital Ecosystems and
Technologies.

[3] Murizah Kassim, Cik Ku Haroswati Cik Ku

Yahaya,”A Prototype Of Web Based Temperature
Monitoring System”, 2010 2nd International
Conference on Education Technology and
Computer (ICETC)

[4] Huang Wen-tian,Li Jin-ping,”Research and

design Of Intelligent temperature Control system”
2010 second international workshop on education
Technology and computer science

ISSN: 2230-7818 @ 2011 http://www.ijaest.iserp.org. All rights Reserved. Page 55