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Introduction
Microsoft Excel is a Spread Sheet or Electronic Sheet program. It is use to create
result sheets, salary sheets, account statements, bank statements, vouchers and
ledgers etc. We can solve the accounting and mathematical problems .It has so
many formulas, graphs/charts etc. It allows us to perform various calculations,
estimations and formulations with data. Microsoft Excel consists of Workbooks
and Worksheets. Worksheets consist of rows and columns and cells.

Cell
A cell is intersection of row and column. It can also be defined as: a cell is basic
unit of worksheet.
Row
A Row is collection of fields. Horizontal information in a worksheet is called
Row. There are 65536 rows in a single worksheet.
Column
A Column is vertical information in a worksheet. It is also denoted by field. There
are 256 columns in a single worksheet.
Worksheet
A Worksheet consists of rows and columns. Or a collection of rows and columns
is called worksheet.
Workbook
A collection of worksheets is called Workbook. Workbook is a single document
of Microsoft Excel.
Active Cell
Cell in which you want to enter or edit data. A cell where there is cursor is called
Active Cell.

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Starting Microsoft Excel 2000

There are almost so many ways to starting Microsoft Excel in Windows. Here we discuss
on two common and easiest ways to starting the Microsoft Excel.

Method-1
11. Click the start menu on task bar.
22. Click the program submenu on the start-menu.
33. Click the Microsoft Excel icon on the submenu of programs.

Method-2
11. Click the start menu button in the right corner of task bar.
2. Click the Run submenu on the start-menu.
13. Run dialogue box will be appear.
24. Type the ‘Excel.exe’ in Open box.

3
45. Click ok to continue.

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Microsoft Excel 2000 Interface

The followings are the major components of the MS-Excel 2000 Interface

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Use to create a New Workbook

Open Existing Workbook

Open
It will open workbook. We can read and write/change our workbook

Open Read-Only
It will open workbook in Read-Only mode. We can only read workbook and
can’t make any changes in workbook
Open as Copy
It will open duplicate copy of existing workbook. All changes will save in
duplicate copy of workbook

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Open in Browser
It will open web related file in Web Browser (Internet Explorer)

This command is use to close opened workbook file

Shortcut Key: CTRL+W

This command is use to save Workbook file

This command is to create a duplicate copy of workbook file

Functional Key: F12

This command is use to save Workbook as Web Page.

This command is use to open Workbook in Web Browser (Internet Explorer).

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This command is used to adjust Page Orientation, Adjust Scaling, Margin Setting,
define Header & Footer, Set Print Area, Adjust Row and Column Repeat etc

Print Area command is used to, Select or Un-Select the Print Area

Set Print Area

This command is used to select print Area (Consecutive Cells)
Clear Print Area
This command is used to Remove Print-Selected-Area

This command is used to view sheet before print

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(Print Preview Toolbar)

Setup Page Setup

Margins View Margin and we can set Margin here by dragging Mouse

Page Break Preview Change view from NORMAL to PAGE BREAK PREVIEW
Close Close Print Preview
Help To Get Help

For printout

We can get printout using three different methods

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1 File Menu  Print
2 CTRL + P

3 Standard Toolbar
In first two methods, we will get Print Dialog box for print setting, but in third
method, printing will be start (No Print Dialog box)

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To undo recent actions one at a time

Reverses the selected action and all actions above it.

Data Transfer from one location to another location

Copy Data (We can copy data by Dragging cell)

Open Office Clipboard to view copy or cut data

This command is used to paste data after Copy or Cut command

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Fill command is used for following...
Theses commands are used to fill data upward, downward, left side, right site
automatically. Using “Series” option, we can numbers, dates in a sequence.
For example 1 2 3 4 5. ……………

Clear

Theses commands are used to Data, Only Formation and Comments from
selected cells

Delete

These commands are used to Delete a Cell, Row(s) and Column(s)

Delete Sheet
This command is used to delete Worksheet.

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Move or Copy Sheet

This command is used to Change sheet location or make a duplicate
copy of sheet. For example Copy Sheet Command will create copy of “Sheet1” as
“Sheet1(2)”

To move or copy sheet there are following steps;

1.Select the sheet you want to move or copy.
2. Click Edit Menu Move or Copy Sheet .
Or
3. Right click over the name of sheet you want to copy or move.
4. Click Move or copy on the short cut menu.
5. Move or Copy dialogue box will be appearing as shown in fig below.
6. Select the workbook name
7. Also choose the location before or after you want to move or copy sheet or
move to the end of all sheets
8. Click OK to move or copy sheet

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Find CTRL+F

This command is used to find content of cell in a worksheet or in workbook

Within:
Search in Worksheet or in workbook
Search:
Search row-wise or column-wise
Look In
Search in Formula, Value or Comments

Replace CTRL+H

This command is used to replace data with searched data

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Go To CTRL+G
This command is used to move cursor to specific location according to Cell
Reference (For example A12)

Renaming a Sheet
To rename a sheet the following steps are involved;
1. Select the sheet you want to rename
2. Click Format Menu Sheet rename
3. Give the name of the sheet
Or
1. Right click on sheet name
2. Shortcut menu will be appear
3. Click on rename and type the name of sheet

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In Excel, there are two types of VIEWS available,

1 Normal (Default View)
2 Page Break Preview (In this, we can view sheet page-wise

Task Pane (CTRL+F1) Show and Hide Task Pane

Toolbar: Show and Hide Tool bars
Formula Bar: Show and Hide Formula Bar
Status Bar: Show and Hide Status Bar

Header and Footer:

This command is used to Create header and Footer

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Comments
This command is used to Show and Hide Comments.

Full Screen
This command is used to view worksheet without any toolbar or menu bar
Zoom
This command is used to change the View in percent. (Change view never
change the font size, it only increase or decrease view size)

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Cells

Insert a new blank Cell, Row and Column in

worksheet

Row
Insert a new blank Row

Column
Insert a new blank column

Worksheet
Insert a new Worksheet

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Some Worksheet Examples
Assignment No 1

INSTRUCTIONS:
1- Create the Worksheet given below.
2- Calculate Local Call Charges that @ Rs. 2.75 per Call.
3- Calculate Total Charges (NWD Charges+Line Rent+Local Call Charges).
4- Calculate General Sales Tax (GST) @ Rs. 7% of the total charges.
5- Calculate Net Bill Payable.

Type Formulas for calculation as:

1. =C4 * 2.75

2. =D4 + E4 + F4

3. =(7/100) * G4

4. =G4 + H4 + I4

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Assignment: 2
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Create the worksheet given below.
2. Calculate Marks Obtained.
3- Calculate %age of each Student while Total Marks=525.
4- Calculate Pass/Fail of each Student by using IF Statement (Formula).
5- Calculate Grade of each student by using Formula of IF while:
Grade A>=90, B>=80, C>=70, D>=60, E>=50 & Fail<50.
6- Insert your Remarks on Grades of each Student that as follows:
Grade As: A=Excellent
B= Very Good C= Good
D=Fair E=Satisfactory
Fail= Fail

Type formulas as

1 =Sum(C6:H6) / 525 * 100

2 =If(I6 >= 50, “Pass”, “Fail)

3 =If(I6>= 90, “A”, If(I6>=80, “B”, If(I6 >= 70, “C”, If(I6 >= 60, “D”, If(I6>= 50,

“E”, “Fail”)))))

4 =If(K6 = “A”, “Excelent”, If(K6 = “B”, “Very Good”, If(K6=”C”, “Good”,

If(K6=”D”, “Fair”, If(K6 = “E”, “Satisfactory”, “Fail)))))

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Predefine Function
Math and Trigonometry functions

ABS( ) Returns the absolute value of a number

=ABS(2) Absolute value of 2 (2)
COS ( ) Returns the cosine of a number
=COS(60*PI()/180) Cosine of 60 degrees (0.5)
DEGREES ( ) Converts radians to degrees
=DEGREES(PI()) Degrees of pi radians (180)
EVEN ( ) Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer
=EVEN(3) Rounds 3 up to the nearest even integer (4)
EXP ( ) Returns e raised to the power of a given number
=EXP(2) Base of the natural logarithm e raised to the power of 2 (7.389056)
FACT ( ) Returns the factorial of a number
=FACT(5) Factorial of 5, or 1*2*3*4*5 (120)
INT ( ) Rounds a number down to the nearest integer
=INT(8.9) Rounds 8.9 down (8)
LCM ( ) Returns the least common multiple
=LCM(5, 2) Least common multiple of 5 and 2 (10)
LN ( ) Returns the natural logarithm of a number
=LN(86) Natural logarithm of 86 (4.454347)
LOG ( ) Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base
=LOG(10) Logarithm of 10 (1)
LOG10 ( ) Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number
=LOG10(86) Base-10 logarithm of 86 (1.934498451)
MOD ( ) Returns the remainder from division
=MOD(3, 2) Remainder of 3/2 (1)
ODD ( ) Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer
=ODD(1.5) Rounds 1.5 up to the nearest odd integer (3)

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PI ( ) Returns the value of PI
=PI() Pi (3.14159265358979)
POWER ( ) Returns the result of a number raised to a power
=POWER(5,2) 5 squared (25)
PRODUCT ( ) Multiplies its arguments
=PRODUCT(A2:A4) Multiplies the numbers above (2250)
RADIANS ( ) Converts degrees to radians
=RADIANS(270) 270 degrees as radians (4.712389 or 3π/2 radians)
ROUND ( ) Rounds a number to a specified number of digits
=ROUND(2.15, 1) Rounds 2.15 to one decimal place (2.2)
SIGN ( ) Returns the sign of a number
=SIGN(10) Sign of a positive number (1)

SIN ( ) Returns the sine of the given angle

=SIN(PI()) Sine of pi radians (0, approximately)
SQRT ( ) Returns a positive square root
=SQRT(16) Square root of 16 (4)
SUM ( ) Adds its arguments
=SUM(3, 2) Adds 3 and 2 (5)
SUMIF ( ) Adds the cells specified by a given criteria
=SUMIF(A2:A5,">160000",B2:B5)
TAN ( ) Returns the tangent of a number
=TAN(0.785) Tangent of 0.785 radians (0.99920)
TRUNC ( ) Truncates a number to an integer
=TRUNC(8.9) Integer part of 8.9 (8)

Logical functions
AND ( ) Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE
=AND(TRUE, TRUE) All arguments are TRUE (TRUE)
FALSE ( ) Returns the logical value FALSE

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FALSE( )
IF ( ) Specifies a logical test to perform
=IF(A2<=100,"Within budget","Over budget")
NOT ( ) Reverses the logic of its argument
=NOT(FALSE)
OR ( ) Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE
=OR(TRUE)
TRUE ( ) Returns the logical value TRUE
TRUE( )

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Chart
A chart is graphical representation of data in a worksheet. Charts are visually
appealing and make it easy for users to see comparisons, patterns, and trends in data.
For instance, rather than having to analyze several columns of worksheet numbers,
you can see at a glance whether sales are falling or rising over quarterly periods, or
how the actual sales compare to the projected sales.

Creating a Chart
We can create a chart on its own sheet or as an embedded object on a worksheet. To
create a chart, we must first enter the data for the chart on the worksheet and then
perform the following steps;
1. Select the data/sheet on which you draw a chart

2. Click Insert Menu Chart or Chart Wizard icon on the standard tool bar .
3. Chart Wizard will display
4. Select the Standard Chart Tab.
5. Choose the Chart Type.
6. Also choose the chart sub-type.
7. Click Next button.
8. Chart Source Wizard will display.

9. Choose Row or Column from series in box

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10. Click next button

11. The Chart Option Wizard dialogue box will be appear

12. Select the Titles Tab

13. Give the title of chart
14. Give the title on X-Axis and Y-Axis
15. Set the Gridline from the Gridlines Tab

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16. Choose the Legend from the Legend Tab
17. Give the Data Labels
18. Click Next to Continue
19. Chart Location Wizard will be appear

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EXCEL SHORTCUT KEYS

Work with worksheets
SHIFT+F11 or ALT+SHIFT+F1
Insert a new worksheet.
CTRL+PAGE DOWN
Move to the next sheet in the workbook.
CTRL+PAGE UP
Move to the previous sheet in the workbook.
SHIFT+CTRL+PAGE UP
Select the current and previous sheet.

Move and scroll within worksheets

Arrow keys
Move one cell up, down, left, or right.
CTRL+Arrow keys
Move to the edge of the current
HOME
Move to the beginning of the row.
CTRL+HOME
Move to the beginning of the worksheet.
PAGE DOWN
Move down one screen.
PAGE UP
Move up one screen.
ALT+PAGE DOWN
Move one screen to the right.
ALT+PAGE UP
Move one screen to the left.
F6
Switch to the next pane in a worksheet that has been split (Window menu, Split
command).
SHIFT+F6
Switch to the previous pane in a worksheet that has been split.
F5
Display the Go To dialog box.
SHIFT+F5
Display the Find dialog box.
SHIFT+F4
Repeat the last Find action (same as Find Next).

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TAB
Move between unlocked cells on a protected worksheet.

Select cells, rows and columns, and objects

CTRL+SPACEBAR
Select the entire column.
SHIFT+SPACEBAR
Select the entire row.
CTRL+A
Select the entire worksheet.
CTRL+SHIFT+SPACEBAR
With an object selected, select all objects on a sheet.

Enter data
ENTER
Complete a cell entry and select the cell below.
ALT+ENTER
Start a new line in the same cell.
TAB
Complete a cell entry and select the next cell to the right.
SHIFT+TAB
Complete a cell entry and select the previous cell to the left.
ESC
Cancel a cell entry.
Arrow keys
Move one character up, down, left, or right.
HOME
Move to the beginning of the line.
F4 or CTRL+Y
Repeat the last action.
CTRL+SHIFT+F3
Create names from row and column labels.
CTRL+D
Fill down.
CTRL+R
Fill to the right.
CTRL+F3
Define a name.
CTRL+K
Insert a hyperlink.

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CTRL+; (semicolon)
Enter the date.
CTRL+SHIFT+: (colon)
Enter the time.
CTRL+Z
Undo the last action.

Edit data
F2
Edit the active cell and position the insertion point at the end of the cell contents.
ALT+ENTER
Start a new line in the same cell.
DELETE
Delete the character to the right of the insertion point, or delete the selection.
F7
Display the Spelling dialog box.
ENTER
Complete a cell entry and select the next cell below.
CTRL+Z
Undo the last action.
ESC
Cancel a cell entry.
CTRL+SHIFT+Z
When the AutoCorrect Smart Tags is displayed, undo or redo the last automatic
correction.

Insert, delete, and copy cells

CTRL+C
Copy the selected cells.
CTRL+C, immediately followed by another CTRL+C
Display the Microsoft Office Clipboard (multiple copy and paste).
CTRL+X
Cut the selected cells.
CTRL+V
Paste copied cells.
DELETE
Clear the contents of the selected cells.
CTRL+HYPHEN
Delete the selected cells.
CTRL+SHIFT+PLUS SIGN
Insert blank cells.

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Format data
ALT+' (apostrophe)
Display the Style dialog box.
CTRL+1
Display the Format Cells dialog box.
CTRL+SHIFT+~
Apply the General number format.
CTRL+SHIFT+$
Apply the Currency format with two decimal places (negative numbers in
parentheses).
CTRL+SHIFT+%
Apply the Percentage format with no decimal places.
CTRL+SHIFT+^
Apply the Exponential number format with two decimal places.
CTRL+SHIFT+#
Apply the Date format with the day, month, and year.
CTRL+SHIFT+@
Apply the Time format with the hour and minute, and AM or PM.
CTRL+SHIFT+!
Apply the Number format with two decimal places, thousands separator, and minus
sign (–) for negative values.
CTRL+B
Apply or remove bold formatting.
CTRL+I
Apply or remove italic formatting.
CTRL+U
Apply or remove underlining.
CTRL+5
Apply or remove strikethrough.

CTRL+9
Hide the selected rows.
CTRL+SHIFT+( (opening parenthesis)
Unhide any hidden rows within the selection.
CTRL+0 (zero)
Hide the selected columns.
CTRL+SHIFT+) (closing parenthesis)
Unhide any hidden columns within the selection.
CTRL+SHIFT+&
Apply the outline border to the selected cells.
CTRL+SHIFT+_
Remove the outline border from the selected cells.

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Use the Border tab in the Format Cells dialog box
Press CTRL+1 to display this dialog box.

ALT+T
Apply or remove the top border.
ALT+B
Apply or remove the bottom border.
ALT+L
Apply or remove the left border.
ALT+R
Apply or remove the right border.
ALT+H
If cells in multiple rows are selected, apply or remove the horizontal divider.
ALT+V
If cells in multiple columns are selected, apply or remove the vertical divider.
ALT+D
Apply or remove the downward diagonal border.
ALT+U
Apply or remove the upward diagonal border.

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