AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT

Transmission Line
Design
EECE 471 (HW#2)
Gharib Makki 200700012
8/6/2010

Instructor: Dr. Sami Karaki

a)

Each transformer should have rating greater than .

Thus the transformer rating is at 300 MVA with = 0.12 on rating.

Usually we limit the angle difference from the generator to the load to 45 . So we need
to identify the phase angle difference across each transformer, it is estimated from:

P=

 =

Therefore P= = 0.833
and

So are allocated for the transformers and should be used for the transmission
line.

P= =

From experience we know that the characteristic impedances of lines at 230 and 345
are approximately equal to 310 Ω and 285 respectively.

At 230 KV,

At 345 KV, =>

At 230 KV the number of circuits is to transmit the power with one circuit on
outage: n = 0.92 => n = 1.92 , so we need 2 circuits .

At 345 : n so 1 circuit is needed.

In conclusion 345 KV is most likely to be selected because it is cheaper since from table
1 we can see that the cost of 345 kv with one circuit is less than that of 230 KV with 2
circuits.
1 circuit at 345 kV costs 725000

2 circuit at 230 kV costs 750000

b) The required current at 345 kV is:

I= = 0.492 KA
At 345 kv we need to use 4 bundles, so the current is one bundle is:
= 0.123 KA.

According to the constraints on losses:

Ib2 3 < 0.03
<
Distance = 275 km
R<
R < 0.241
For maximum temperature of

Since 1.09 we will use partridge.

4 partridge conductors will be used per phase.

c) Transmission Line Parameters:

Line resistance is :
Line Reactance:
Shunt Admittance:

Per Unit Calculations:

d) Reactive power Capability Curve

a b

d c
e)
After modeling the system using PW as shown below, we realize that it is capable of supplying
maximum power to the load.

Bus Bar Voltages:

As it appears in the figure above I set the voltage at the generator side at Bus1 to 1.00 pu and
after simulation we got the following values:

At Bus 2: V=1.04 pu

At Bus 3: V = 1.08 pu

At Bus 4: V= 1.13 pu

Active and Reactive Power Supplied by the generator:

Active Power P=253MW

Reactive Power Q = -96 Mvar

f)
From the results appearing in the PW we don’t need a shunt Capacitor or a shunt reactor. Since
the power factor of the generator is within bounds(around 0.92) and the voltage regulation is
acceptable.

g)
Operating with one circuit on Outage:
In order to carry on with this analysis I opened the 2nd transmission line as shown below.
From the Simulation that appears above we realize that the voltage at the load has increased
and the 250 MW power is still supplied to the load.
The results I get are not convincing I believe that there is a certain mistake.
The results should show some voltage and power change at the load in this case a shunt
capacitor is the best choice to bring the load voltage and power to within 10% limit of its
nominal value.

h) Operating at Minimum Load:

i) The active power sent by the generator is 253MW whereas the power received by the load is
250 MW. The percent loss is 253-250/250 = 1.2%. This is a great result for transmission loss. The
reactive power of the load is j155, while the reactive power supplied by generator is j96 this is
also a very good result and we can figure that the power factor of the generator is 0.93 ( this is a
typical value).
Furthermore the voltage at the generator is 1pu and that at the load is 1.13 pu thus this is a
good design .