Buying Practices for Food, Clothing

and Consumer Durables among Lovely

Students

ASSIGNMENT NO:1

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mr. CHANDER SHEKAR DOGRA Rohit Sharma

Roll No.:
RR1002A26

Reg. No.:
11002890

Section: R1002
 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION

 OBJECTIVES

 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 CONCLUSION

 LIMITATIONS

 RECOMMENDATIONS

 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Everyone who spends money income to buy goods and services from the
market is a buyer, but buyer who makes use of goods and services for his / her
living to maintain good physical and mental health is a consumer. A common
man as a consumer has a wide range of expectations such as price, correct
weight and measurement, purity or genuiness, packaging, service during and
service after the sale.
. There is nobody in the world who is left out of the class of consumers.
Immediately after a baby’s birth the need arises for baby food, clothing,
feeding bottle, garments, medicines, toiletries etc., and thus bringing the baby
to the consumer community. Consumer play very important role in the
economy. They are largest economic group in any country, and present day
activities are because of consumer only. Consumers are the pillars of the
economy. The philosophy of marketing is based on consumer. The consumer
is not only the heart of marketing but also the controller of marketing
functions. Now consumer is completely dependent on the market to meet his /
her needs. Hence, purchasing becomes an inevitable activity in every family.
Purchasing is dynamic science and most important function of every family
and homemaker must devote time, attention and energy on it.
Consumer has the right to expect that the food he/she buys is fresh and
wholesome, the drugs are pure and effective, the products are safe and work
well, the air he/she breaths, the water he/she drinks is pure and unpolluted, can
travel safely and in time from place to place, his/her letters reach the
destination within the expected time, the electricity supply is uninterrupted etc.
are very few and scanty. Hence, the present study has been taken up with the
following objectives. The findings of the present study facilitate to
take up an immediate necessary step to educate the rural consumers on various
aspects.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

  To study the buying habits of the students of lovely professional
university

 To analyze and compare their purchasing behaviour within and from

outside the campus.

 To know the growing demand of changing trends among products like

food and clothing

Review of literature

1.Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing (2004) 12,

213–230; doi:10.1057/palgrave.jt.5740110. The study examines the
phenomenon of national identity and economic ethnocentrism in consumer
buying behavior. Analysis of data collected from a representative sample of
adult Slovenian consumers reveals only moderately expressed ethnocentric
tendencies. Similar moderation was revealed in the preferences of Slovenian
consumers for patriotic purchasing behavior, whereby the domestic origin of
products was more important in the case of nondurable goods and services
than in the case of durable goods. Consumers evaluated various characteristics
of products made in the EU more favorably relative to those made in Slovenia

2. C. Vignali, E. Gomez, M. Vignali, T. Vranesevic, (2001) "The influence of

consumer behaviour within the Spanish food retail industry", British Food
Journal, Vol. 103 Iss: 7, pp.460 – 478. This study shows the food journal upon
the influence of consumer behaviour within the Spanish food retail industry
reveals that in Spain, food distribution has been revolutionised over the past 15
years. Traditional food stores are in the process of slowly disappearing, while
hypermarkets and supermarkets are increasing their presence, and more
importantly, their market share. To understand better the causes behind this
revolution, examines the existent literature on distribution trends, generally, in
Spain. The Spanish distribution industry is marked by governmental
deintermediation, consumers’ orientation toward value and competitors’ quest
for efficiency through centralisation, as well as the development of new
services and micro marketing actions, with the objective of increasing
customer loyalty. Focuses on Spanish food product distribution, marked by the
progressive drop in the number of traditional stores, the appearance of
discounters specialising in the sale of own-brands and having aggressive
prices, the notable growth of hypermarkets Traditional food stores are in the
process of slowly disappearing, while hypermarkets and supermarkets are
increasing their presence, and more importantly, their market share.
positioning themselves between hypermarkets and discounters.

3. O’Cass, A. (2001). Consumer self-monitoring, materialism and

involvement in fashion clothing. Australian Marketing Journal 9 (1), 46-60.
According to the construct of consumer involvement is important in
understanding consumer behaviors related to consumer possessions and there
are several broad types of consumer involvement that can be related to the
product, to the message, or to the perceiver.

4. Auty, S. and Elliot, R. (1998). Fashion involvement, self-monitoring and

the Meaning of brands. Journal of Product and Brand Management 7 (2), 109-
123. Since the young adults pay more attention to fashion, this age group must
figure highly in any study of clothing .In a study of fashion involvement, self-
monitoring and the meaning of brands; perceptions of brands. it was found that
they were perceived differently according to the age and sex of the respondent.
The Results s suggested that women and younger people were most positive
about their trendiness.
5. Elissa Dickey. McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Washington: Aug 28,
2009.While shopping at Menards, our guests are now able to purchase their
home improvement products and save time by picking up a few groceries such
as frozen pizza, milk, boxed dinners, cereal, canned foods, snacks and more.
Customer service , lady said she doesn't think of their business as a one-stop
shop the way some are because it doesn't sell food products.

6.Stephen Shepherd. GP. London: Jun 10, 2005. pg. 72, 1 pgs.When buying a
suit, start with a classic navy suit and then 1 move on to darker grays. Such a
dark-coloured suit can usually be worn by anyone. Alternative colours,
particularly light colours, can be more difficult. With such suits, remember
that your colouring and build have to be taken into account.

7. Journal of Contemporary ChinaVolume 7, Issue 18, 1998, Pages 351 –

368.This study shows the 1980 China's economic revolution has enabled more
households to allocate labor to market-related activities to earn more income.
In 1992 an even greater surge in market economy growth took place when
urban households began abandoning state-related occupations and took their
chances in the marketplace. The increase in consumer spending that followed
reflects a new pattern of household spending for the first time in China since
1949: the share of spending for food relative to spending for other categories
of goods and services is fast declining. This new trend, already strongly
evident among high income-earning households, is rapidly being replicated by
other households as their incomes rise. During the 1990s new consumer
patterns have emerged in the cities of the coastal provinces that strongly
indicate that a consumer revolution is under way. This revolution has revived
traditional gift-giving between the Chinese people, thus facilitating the
strengthening of their social, economic, and political ties and encouraging
people to emphasize social and political stability.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research Design : Descriptive Research

Research Instrument : Structured, un-disguised questionnaire

Sample Method : Non-Probability Sampling

Sample Element : People of different different religion and country are

respondents to Questionnaire

Sample frame : Addresses of all the people who fill the Questionnaire

Sample Size : Different in every article.

Sampling Design : Convenience and snow ball Sampling

Sources of Data : Secondary data

The research design in this study is Descriptive. Descriptive research studies

are those studies, which are concerned with describing the characteristics of a
particular individual, or of a group. The studies concerned with narration of
facts and characteristics concerning individual, group or situation are all
examples of descriptive research studies.

TYPE OF SAMPLING USED

We used non-probability type of sampling.

In non-probability sampling, the chance of any particular unit in the population

being selected is unknown. Since randomness is not involved in the selection
process, an estimate of the sampling error cannot be made. But this does not
mean that the findings obtained from non-probability sampling are of
questionable value, if properly conducted their findings can be as accurate as
those obtained from probability sampling.

Convenience and Snowball Sampling

As the name implies, a convenience sample is one chosen purely for

expedience (e.g., items are selected because they are easy or cheap to find and
measure.

In snowball sampling we (researcher) has to find only 2-3 persons related to

his or her topic and then they will able to know another persons related to
their research because every person know some other person in same field.

Conclusion
1 From the above studies we conclude that only moderately expressed
ethnocentric tendencies are acceptable in buying behavior of people.
2 Traditional food stores are in the process of slowly disappearing, while
hypermarkets and supermarkets are increasing their presence, and
more importantly, their market share because of their diversified
offering and near cost prices and to open multiple point of sale
3 Mostly women and younger people are most positive about their
trendiness in buying clothes etc.
4 Due to rising income of middle class people the people are shifting to
purchase new trend clothes
 5 Customer want to purchase all the daily cosuming goods at one stop
shop.
6 When customer is buying the clothes,he firstly sees the colour of the
cloth and then decides to buy it or not.

Limitations of the study

1 This study does not compare the buying habits of the students of lpu and
other colleges students. It studies the people of different countries and
religions
2 Most of the study showing the cosumer behavior in buying the clothes.it
talks less about the consumer behavior in purchasing food items
3 This study does not compare the purchasing behavior of students outside
the campus and inside the campus.
4 This study does not talk about the price of the product which the
customer taken into account to buy a product.

Recommendations
1 In the next few years the customer prefer one stop shop where he can
buy all the consumer durable and non durable goods like big bazaar,
vishal megamart etc. Therefore there is suggestion for the stores to
positon themselves between hypermarkets and discounters.
2 Due to rising income of middle class people, there should be increase in
the demand of new trend clothes.
3 Stores must have large variety of clothes with different colours

REFERENCES
• The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer
Research, Volume 14, Issue 4 October 2001 , pages 389 – 406.

• Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for

Marketing (2004) 12, 213–230; doi:10.1057/palgrave.jt.5740110.

• C. Vignali, E. Gomez, M. Vignali, T. Vranesevic, (2001) "The influence

of consumer behaviour within the Spanish food retail industry", British
Food Journal, Vol. 103 Iss: 7, pp.460 – 478.

• O’Cass, A. (2001). Consumer self-monitoring, materialism and

involvement in fashion clothing. Australian Marketing Journal 9 (1),
46-60.

• Elissa Dickey. McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Washington: Aug

28, 2009

• Stephen Shepherd. GP. London: Jun 10, 2005. pg. 72, 1 pgs.

• Journal of Contemporary ChinaVolume 7, Issue 18, 1998, Pages 351 –

368