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A NEW SENSITIVE DETECTION ALGORITHM FOR LOW AND HIGH IMPEDANCE EARTH
FAULTS IN COMPENSATED MV NETWORKS BASED ON THE ADMITTANCE METHOD
Thomas SCHINERL
Trench Austria GmbH - Austria
thomas.schinerl@trench.at
CIRED2005
Session No 3
CIRED 18th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Turin, 6-9 June 2005
phase current transformers (CT) has a different magnitude / With the ‘network method’ the network fault admittance
angle error than the other two, the measured zero sequence value YF respectively the network fault current IF can be
current is dependent from the actual load current. calculated by means of the measured zero sequence voltage
Vo and the reference parameters of the network model but
L1 L2 L3 without the need of measured zero sequence currents (global
L1 view). A global low or high ohmic earth fault message will be
generated if the network fault admittance value YF exceeds
L2 the threshold for low or high resistive earth faults.
IL3/2 Zs
IL3
Fig. 4 shows a simplified 3 phase model where we assume
LOAD IL1/2
that the series impedance as well as the discharge
IoA= -∆ I
Icircle conductance of the feeders are negligible. The feeder
IL1/2+∆ I Zs
IoB= ∆ I
asymmetry Yai is reduced to one phase.
IL2/2 Zs Iind Io1
load
IL3/2 Zs
IL2/2
CIRED2005
Session No 3
CIRED 18th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Turin, 6-9 June 2005
The global network method high impedance earth faults is achieved by an automatic
recalculation of the reference values and by comparison with
Fig. 5 shows the zero sequence equivalent circuit for the the original set of values.
global network which is used by the global network method.
The total network capacity is represented by the capacitor Ceq. Fig. 6a) shows the reference situation (healthy state of the
The global network asymmetry is represented by the network), fig. 6b) represents the new situation with earth fault
asymmetry current Ia respectively as an asymmetry (changed asymmetry) or a changed detuning / damping of the
admittance Ya and the source voltage Ea that feeds the network. Fig. 6c) is a mixed model for distinguishing between
resonance circuit formed by L, Go and Ceq. earth faults and switching operations.
n
L Go Ceq
IYo IYo
C eq = 3∑ Ci REFERENCE NEW SITUATION DISTINGUISH EARTH FAULTS
i =0 SITUATION RECALCULATION AND SWITCHING OPERATIONS
a.) b.) a.) b.) c.)
The angle of the network asymmetry source voltage Ea can be ∠(E FRECALC − Vo ) = ∠(I FRECALC ) (5)
determined with an additional assumption for the angle of the
asymmetry Ya. We considered a healthy state for the reference If the voltage change was due to a changed detuning /
situation (fig. 5a), eq. 1 must be fulfilled. damping of the network the recalculated fault admittance
I Yo = I a + I eci
YFRECALC is almost zero, if YFRECALC exceeds the preset
{ threshold for high / low ohmic earth faults we can set a global
0
earth fault signal and start searching the faulty feeder with the
VoREF ⋅ YoREF = (E aREF − VoREF ) ⋅ YaREF (1) feeder method.
After that the global network fault admittance value YF can be The feeder method
estimated applying eq. 2 according to fig. 5b).
Fig. 7a) shows the zero sequence equivalent circuit for
I Yo = I a + I F + I eci
{ feeder n in the healthy state.
0
estimated fault admittance values YF > 0. If the zero sequence fig. 7, zero sequence equivalent circuit for feeder n
voltage becomes high it can be reliably concluded that the
reason is a real earth fault, for still low voltages Vo the The asymmetry admittance Yan and the capacity Ceqn of
necessary distinguishing between switching operations and feeder n are also calculated by means of a short-time detuning
CIRED2005
Session No 3
CIRED 18th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Turin, 6-9 June 2005
of the resonance circuit in the healthy state. This values are feeder fault currents, the global network fault admittance and
stored as feeder reference values. With the existing feeder thus the sensitivity of the detection system will not be
reference values Yan, Ceqn of the equivalent circuit and the influenced.
measured zero sequence voltage Vo the setpoint value of the The same is valid for constant angle measurement errors of
zero sequence current IonSET can be calculated. Thus the current transformers.
calculating the feeder fault current IFn is achieved by:
CIRED2005
Session No 3