Review on Electrostatic

Electromagnetism
Lorenz force law
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Some short notes on EM

Or Ming Chun

Apr 28th, 2011

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Lorenz force law
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Table of contents
1 Review on Electrostatic
2 Electromagnetism
Magnetic field for different case
3 Lorenz force law
Cross product
Lorenz force law
4 Magnetic Force and EM induction
Example : Motor
Induction
Example : Generator
5 Summary
M.C. Or Some short notes on EM
 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Lorenz force law
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Electrostatic

E-field of charges is simply given by

q
E=
4π0r 2
Electric forced experienced by charges
F = qE

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Lorenz force law Magnetic field for different case
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Magnetic field for bar magnet

Figure: Magnetic field for a bar magnet

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Lorenz force law Magnetic field for different case
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Magnetic field for current carrying wire

µ0 I
Figure: Magnetic field for current carrying wire B = 2πr

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Lorenz force law Magnetic field for different case
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Magnetic field for current carrying wire

µ0 I
Figure: Magnetic field for current carrying wire B = 2πr
M.C. Or Some short notes on EM
 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Lorenz force law Magnetic field for different case
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Solenoid

µ0 NI
Figure: Magnetic field for Solenoid B = l

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Cross product
Lorenz force law
Lorenz force law
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Cross product

2 vector a and b can be

crossed to form new
vector a × b
the direction of the new
vector are shown in the
Figure: Right Hand’s fig.
rule for Cross product
|a × b| = |a||b| sin θ

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Cross product
Lorenz force law
Lorenz force law
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Cross product

Here show the direction of the

cross product
remember to use right hand!
Note that when 2 vector are
parallel (θ = 0), the cross
product are 0
Figure: Direction
of cross product

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Cross product
Lorenz force law
Lorenz force law
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Lorenz force law

How do charged particle move in Electromagnetic
field?
Lorenz force law
F = q(E + v × B)
This consider both the effect of E-field and
B-field
That’s why I introduce Cross product
Most important : This concept can apply to
both left/right hand rule in the textbook to
help you remember
M.C. Or Some short notes on EM
 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism Example : Motor
Lorenz force law Induction
Magnetic Force and EM induction Example : Generator
Summary

Magnetic Force
For a current carrying wire inside a B-field,
What is the Magnetic Force it experienced?
Current → moving of charge
Thus the direction of force experienced is
F ∼I ×B
more explicit F = I × B = IB sin θ (per unit
length)

Magnetic force ∼ current × B-field

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM
 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism Example : Motor
Lorenz force law Induction
Magnetic Force and EM induction Example : Generator
Summary

Turning effect

Turning effect of coil in B-field can be

increased by:
1 increase the current
2 increase the number of turns in the coil
3 increase the area of the coil
4 increase the strenght of the B-field

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism Example : Motor
Lorenz force law Induction
Magnetic Force and EM induction Example : Generator
Summary

Induction
so far we consider the Force on current wire by
B-field, but to fill up the theory
Faraday’s Law
A changing Magnetic flux induce e.m.f
Lenz’s Law
Induced current oppose the change in
Magnetic flux

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism Example : Motor
Lorenz force law Induction
Magnetic Force and EM induction Example : Generator
Summary

Induction

Mathematically, Magnetic flux is given by:

Definition
Magnetic flux Φ = B · a = Ba cos θ
And Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law is :
Definition
Faraday’s Law − dΦ
dt = e.m.f.

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM

 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism Example : Motor
Lorenz force law Induction
Magnetic Force and EM induction Example : Generator
Summary

Direction of induced current

We can also find the direction of induced
current by cross product
consider a wire moving in a region of B-field
v is the moving direction of the wire (charge)
then the charge will experience a force in
direction F = v × B
this give the direction of the induced current
Thus, we have

Induced current ∼ motion × B-field

M.C. Or Some short notes on EM
 Review on Electrostatic
Electromagnetism
Lorenz force law
Magnetic Force and EM induction
Summary

Direction of induced current

You have learned
magnetic field line of typical items
direction and magnetiude of magnetic force
How to remember Left/Right hand rule by
using only Lorenz force law, F = qv × B
Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law
One final remark (Out syll but just want to tell
you more):
Changing B-field induce E-field ;
Current or Changing E-field induce B-field
M.C. Or Some short notes on EM