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THE

PUNJAB SANSKRIT SERIES

No. VI.

THE

PUNJAB SANSKRIT SERIES

OR

A COLLECTION OF RARE AND UNPUBLISHED

SANSKRIT ~ PRAKRIT WORKS

EDITED BY

THE WELL·KNOWN &: EMINENT SCHOLARS

OF

INDIA, EUROPE and AMERICA.

No.6

LAHORE (INDIA) _

THE PUNJAB SANSKRIT BOOK DEPOT 19240

••••• ~., •• ~ •• "",,,,,,,,,,.-,.,, •• , •• ,,,,_,,--. " ..... ':' •• ~ .... ~ ...... - .... ~- ... _.' '.- ""'. • ••• _ -~'., ...... -~. ~-.~,",.-.' •• ~ &_ ........... - .--,.. ..... _- .- ---_--_._---_._

'$ITq~<tI-~tftRrq~

'" It'f~~~ tfT



ATHARVANA JYOTISAM

• •

OR

THE VEDA~GA JYOTI:?A OF THE ATHARVA VEDA

Edited for the first time

'BY

. Pandit, Bh.a~avad Datta B. H.

PROFESSOR OF SANSKRIT AND SUPERINTENDENT RESEARCI{ DEPARTMENT D. A. V. COLLEGE LAHORE.

PUBUSHED BY .

MOTI LAL BANARSI DASS

P,-ojrulon

The PunJab. Sanskrit Book Depot, Lahore." .192".

A lML35s.2 (b)

If

PUBLISHED BY

lt10tJ La' Banarsi Dass Pro}1 ietars.

Tit, Ptmjtlb &-.kl'u lJuok DepoJ • SAID MITHA STREET LAHORE,

(All Righi' Rese,vea hy the Publishe,s) 1924.

PRINTED BY Sardarl Lal Jain Manager

2'''' Do""'"' &,.,ir4, P~ ..

BAlD IIITHA STREET

LAHORE •

..... .... - ..... -- .. --_

INTRODUCTION.

I. Manuscript Material.

(I) P. It is contained in the codex numbered 405, according to the catalogue of 1916 of The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. This codex contains the text of the Ma9"ukr Sik~, which ~as collated by me for the edition of that work as ms. q. The peculiarities of the codex are the same throughout. The reader may, therefore. look for these on pages I an<!_:1 of the introduction of my edition of the Ma9~iikl Sik~

(2) D. The codex which contains this ms. is 69/1884-86 of The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Ms. cr of my edition of the Ma9"nkr Sik~ forms a part of this codex. Its peculiarities may also be studied in the introduction above referred to •

. There is only one more ms. ef AtharvaJ)a Jyoti~a known to me. It forms a part of the codex No. 400 of the catalogue of 1916 of the B. O. R. Unfortunately the first 24 leaves of this codex, which contain a part of our text .. are entirely damaged." Hence its loan for collation work was not asked.

Ms. P. was copied at the end of Nov. 1920, while the variants of D. were noted during the last days of March 1921.

II. The Text.

The present text based as it is on two mas. only, can not be regarded as a final one. However, in the absence of any new materials forthcoming I thought



Atharflar:aa jyott~a

it advisable to present to the student of jyotisa literature even this faulty text. The Ved:lnga jyotisa's of the Rig and the Yajur Vedas are procurable in good editions, and the text of the AtharvaJ;la jyotisa is now put before the scholars in print for the first time. It will help them to judge about its value, inspite of the apparent grammatical mistakes, which have been left quite unaltered.

III. The name of the text and its author.

At the end ofthe work the writer calls this text by the name of "wmJNllfl'a'''"I,'' XIV. II 1 have, however, given it the title of AtbarvaJ;la jyotisa, as in harmony wit h the already known Area jyotisa and the Yaju~ jyoti~a's.

Now. as regards the author. If the authority of the text is to be believed, tben tbe author of the Atma jyotj~ is Svayambhu Brabma; and the whole subject was related by him to some descendant of KaSyapa. But this is doubtful, rather impossible. According to Aryan tradition Svayambhu Brahma is a personality of Adi sr~~i, and at that time the four Vedas did not possess their sakMs. Now the Atma jyoti,am ends with the colophon :_

"1tCi' ~""~I\'frqt·· '·11"

,!hich shows that our text is closely related to the Saunw sakha of the Atharva Veda, and not the AthaTVa Veda proper, Hence i~ is a compilation of an age much posterior to that of S .. ayambhu Brahma. ]t is probable that some one has compiled this small treatise by extracting certain material from the original law- book of Manu, the descendant of Svayambhu

Introduction

3

Brahma, and later on adding to it some new and quite recent notions. It is on this account that we find so many sloka's of Manusmrti in the present text. Cf. ~IIJ. 1-4 with Manu lIT. 46-49. Chapter XII, and parts of XIII and XIV of Atma jyotisa although not taken from Manu, are still a compilation from some old grhya paddhatis= and minor smrti's.

IV. The date of the work.

Nothing can be said with certainity about the date of the present work. It appears to be a new work, although I do UQt deduce this result from the mention in it of the names of the week days. These names may be as old as Aryan civilization itself and may not have been extensively used in Vedic or Sanskrit literature 011 account of tbe requirements of the lithi system in the Yajna affairs. There is on the other hand, the general theme of the work, which attaches to it a ··lateness in the history of Sanskrit literature, and shows that it has little or no connection with the other Ved:wlga jjotisa's, Another important fact may be mentioned here. Atharva Veda being a Veda, which deals with medicine and household life especially, required a Vedanga jyotisa to help in the performance of t he duties of a good grnfzstha "'" householder. For this purpose there may have been an ancient AtharvaJ;la jyotisa, and if it did not exist, or was lost, then some body has tried to 611 ~!1 this gap

.. MODthl after tho abovo lines _ ",uro wrifteD, I leoured a ma. of n •• u UrikK ou the Prrukara Grb,a 8iUra. Thil Kiriki baa been w·ril&eD in UlB S'~. ,ear li88. it doritain. (leaf2~ .-'100 ~7b-33.) tbe IAtIle ,,'lok.'1 wiLb Imall varlaU&iJ u~ly, a •• r4tto~wl iJl our iox' XUI. 5-11.

..

Atharvar.za Jyott~a

Introduction

5

by this Atma jyotisa, compiled according to the notions of his own age, which may be very recent. The text of this Atma jyotisa is not very old may also be inferred from another fact. Atma jyotisa VII. 6 says:-

~: ~st!'(fiI'11 ~ ~ ~ II

These jyotiea treatises are very recent. Hence the work quoting them, cannot be very old. Again Atma jyotip IX. I states r=-

'IIqqJt~ ~~ =if ~rt ~~ II

The context shows that here also the neo-Bhrguism is referred to and not the old one. All these things put together strengthen the view that the treatise is not a very old one.

v. The division of time Into days, muhurtas etc., in this and other ancient works.

Atma jyotisa I, 4 and 5 states the division of a muhfirta into its smaller parts. This division is found in other works of Sanskrit literature, and it will be interesting to compare them all here.

The idea of dividing a muhnrta ioto its smaller parts is not a new one. It is found in a mantra of some lost Sakha of the Vedas. This mantra has been preserved by the Taittiriya Aral;lyaka. It is as follows:-

~ f.Ilm ~ ~: ~"f I ~ ~: cmr .. i(l(t'Sl'" m: II

aRl<\ca ~q""", 1(0 ~o lo~ II:; H It is this division which has been later on accepted by a good many authorities on this subject.

(I) Mannsmrti in its present form is certainly

prior to the 15th century B. C.· It has the following verse on thls subject :-

A~ CW ~ =if ;mn ~ or: iIi~T I

~ ..... .! ... ~

~t'fi~ff 5{CI: ~1a:(I(I(5I g ffiCm "

. Jolly's edition I. 64·

i. e. 18 nimesa's - 1 ka~~\la 30 kll~t\ta's =0 I kala

30 kala's ... 1 muhnrta

30 muhnrta's e I day and night.

(2) Mahabharata, if devoid of certain Akhyana's and certain other portions such as sahasra-nama's etc., will belong to a period anterior to tbe 6th century B. C. It contains the following sloka :-

CfiIlfT f.FAr cw qv ~Cf i«JJ'J <mT ~ ~ ij"f'l.1 n.~t«6d'I",ftr ~~at lWT: ~~r a:~&l ~l ~ II Bombay edition, Santi parva, Adh. 231, 12.

I. e. I 5 nimesa's = I ka~~\ta 30 ka~~\ta's = I kala

30 kala's = I muhnrta.

(3) Vi~ou purana which may be placed circa 5th century B. C. copies the 0 Mahabbarata with small changes, thus :--.

mt fiiJrfr W q!if \C( fir~ emf qqr~ ~~ I fi\~~~raCf ~it"'!lla~tmral u-~r(Wft m II Kri'J)a Sastri's edition, I I, 8, 59.

• I &Gtally diller with occideDtal ICbolara ia auilrDiDIr t"e obrollololrieal datea ~ his&Grical eTeDu aDd literary work. of SauIkrit lUeruure. They Ibould, therefore, ... my other works aDd arUolea, whioh e!uoitl.to lDy vi.wlI 011 theall points, hefor~ eritlcillill. .e.

__ ~a.. ...•.•. : - ",;,..-~-,---- __ • __ _ ~., ._ looo:.o _

6

A

Athuruana jyotl~a

,: e. I 5 nimesa's = 1 k:l~~\la

.30 k31;1~~:1's ... ] kala

30 kala's = I muhnrta

30 muhnrta's ... I day and night.

(4) Matsya PUr3J;la 14z, 4 has the same thing m almost the same words.

(5) Kau~ilya's Artha BAstra (atleast 4th century B. C.) gives the fcllowing r-«

iT ~ ~:. I ~ ~ft r~: I lN~,: ctiTfjr t M*ltctiIUT: ~ I ~R-QNi~1 ~qij I If;: ;n~'1iT ~: I

,'. e.

M ysore edition p. 107. - I lava

2 truti's

2 lava's "" I nimesa 5 nimesa's ! = I ka,~\ta .30 kllll~\la's :: I kala

40 kala's = I na4:ka

2 na.«)ika's = 1 muhtirta.

(6, Susruta proper anterior to 4th century B. C. contains the following passage:-

~ ~~r.r~qr«) .s~Ah: I 1J'.F{.IJr~~~: 'iT8T I fij~~181: 'MIT I fcl~r ~: I

i, e. )5 nimep's = 1 ka't~a

.30 ka.~t,tla.'s = I kala

20 kala's = I muhnrta.

(7) Ktirma purllJ;la (circa 1st century B. C.) has:-

• "Ifeoftq~ij((~d "~t(T.41 ~ I ~~e-«~: ~«~ ~~: II ~(t:~~:

Q1lo," by Siyana i. hia com. ·on TaiUiriylo AranYlob X. L 8.

. .

Introduction

7

<tiT!T qvere ~r (q"'c(*ll(~ ) ~r tFlmr~: I . ~ R1t<J(('1iElI ~*l(('1i~1 ~<tt tTfcr: II

B. I. edition V. 4.

I. e. 15 nimesa's ... Ik:l$t~a 30 kll~t\ta's .. I kala

30 kala's "" I muhtirta,

(8) The astronomer Parasara (circa rst century B. C.) as quoted by Bhattotapala in his com. of Brhat Samhita says:-

~ ifiT~ ~'eJ(!l.IQ « r-itr'f: I Pt'lt"a4 !IIg: I -r'tFi ~: I ~ ~~: I ~ ~~: ifillJT I ({~.

-a -a

<tiTUT ~ , ere ~ ~ I "IT~CfiIi1~ ~: I

Benares edition p, 24.

;. e. 2 ninte~'s. I truji 2 truti's ... I lava

2 lava's = I k~J;la 10 k~al}a's = J ka~~ba 10 k1~~ba's .. I kala

10 kala's == I na~ika

2 na4lka's = I muhnrta

(9) Soma siddhanta says:-

~~: 1tf~: ~: sr~Cfir I

~ If!"iTT ifT~ ~ "Ilci"!"ilr ~rf;t~'J.1I Chaukhamba edition p. I.

i. e, 10 guru ak~ra'8 - r prlll}a

6 pral}a's = 1 vina<}ika

60 vinll4ika's = I n1l4iklt

60 na~ika's =Iday & night (30muhftrta's).

(10) Sarya siddhanta, I. II-I:,! has;-



8

""": If,~~,,'ci ~1'<It1~r;rr~ ~ lit til ~ 'f1IaIlT ~ iflf{f~"{r~ffl''I; I

i. 6. 6 prllJ)a's = vinA«:1i .

60 vina«;1i's = I na~i

60 na«:1i's = I day and night.

(II) Vrddha Vasi!1~ha siddhanta says:-

i(lJg~ijJu"I('ile: smQ'f ~ I

Qc{ ~I:l ~ 'fCSaJU omt'f1S2JU .s~~ ~ It. II t YII

Benares edition p. 3.

J. e. J 0 guru aksara's = I pra))a

6 praJ)a's = I pala

60 pala's ... 1 nadi

60 na~lts = I day (and night.)

(12) Brahma siddhanta says:-

~~ fiI~ q)fUf ~~(( ij m: 'i~ II ~ ~II ~f ~ ~ffi .sfil ~ ifTtcfij ~ I

~ ~RlTfij ~Stf~ ~ 1I~~11 ~: srl~fcl;1Ic1 ij 0({ 'f'S?Jff ffl~ a", I stmr: sU(!JI~ rnr dd,,~ffi .. ~ It t su

.. ,tl"Q111 ll(fu;f ( f«m;j ) ~'iwr ~ I

,. lb. p. 2.

i. e. 18 nimesa's 30 ~~ha's 30 kala's

6 kf8~a's

= J k:l~~ba. = kala.

:::: J kl)3J)a

- J na.~i

or

10 guru aksara's = J pr:lJ)a

6 pdOa's - I vina~i

Introd_uction



60 vinl1cWs ... I 8 ha~i1'1 and

60 na~i's = I day and night (30 muhartas). (13) Ahirbudhnya samhita says :-.-

$f1!1i(~ r.iIr",~ iIiTIT mr!, ijf: ~~r I

(fl~ flmt. ~ SI q:aT IT~ ~: 11\)11

IV. 7.

(1-4) The lexicon of Amara repeats the above

thus:- ..

Q(W f.I1Rr~ ~ ~" ai: ~Eff I

...

~ ~~: tt SI Qat iU«T1~ lit t II

IV. If .• Also quoted by S1yal)a in Taittiriya Ara\\yaka X. I. 8.

J. e. 18 nime~'s = I ka~,\la 30 ka,~hats = I kala.

30 kala's = I k~a\\a

12 kpJ)a's = J muhnrta,

Niroaya sagar, edition 1915:

(15) And in the end- according to I. 4,5 of this:

Atma jyoti,a the division of time is the following:-

I

i; e. u ak,i nime,a's. J lava

30 lava's :;; kala

30 kala's = I truti

30 tru-t>i's =- 1 muharta,

Now in the foregoing tables, roughly speaking, there are three types of the division of a muhdrta etc. (a) Th, method adopted by the Dharmdastras, Mahlbharata, Pudoas and the lexicon of Amara.

• Baaid.. tb_ .bl... .ome .ore JIlaJ' be tou.d i. H. H; WilI •• '1 'raDllatioD .f ,be Vilau Purina pp. 22, 23.

. . . .



10

J'na1"DaJ)Q jyol14a

(II) The method of the jyotip works. (c) The method of Kau'tiJya.

These three may agree in some points, but gene-

raJly ,they indicate

(I) either ~ different school

(2) or provincialism ,

(3) or a chronologiCal differ~nce of time, when Dew methods migbt have been introduced.

Nothing can be said with definitness on tbese points. Concerned only with the Atma jjotiea for the time being; as we are, we can say. tbat although mainly agreeing' with type (a), it still ' shows a small difference. nowhere else to be found.

Bow arose this difference is a question for the astronomer to settle. We can only say that the present text is related more to the Dharma~tras. than to jyotifa proper.

I am greatlY,tbankful to Mabamahopadhyaya Pt. ~iv. Datta ji ,who very kindly went through the text, after it hu been printed, proposed emendations, and, helped me in 'making the corrigenda. His emendations' are printed alter the contents list.

Research Dept; }

D. A. V~ ~UBG •• LABOlt ..

J-fI4'1, 19~'" ,

. '

BSAGAVAD DATTA.

, , ,

--~

(t) ghrnrf.t

, (~) ~ ~<iRflfir ",,"far

(~) -~, " "

, 'fi(4QSi4\(4Q\ [~] (v) ~iTlmr.rt ~ .. :'Rllf.f ~~ • (l() ~'{ci'ti ~Avrt ~

~(qSl'fi.411( [~]

, «) ra~""I~I~

('It, faiWJ~ 'ti<i~ ~

,f1I{Slifi(t!(1{ [V] (t;) "1('iit1~1~, ~ A~~lfi~l"

" "":tSl'fi«l1( [~]

tt) .,,,#1141"', lPd snrN '!.nA(II'l\. <to) ;W.ilf4.rtI3eittr A\lttI"'~

(to " "

qlt'''.WfSl'fi{CII( [~] (t~) S"1~«t ~ it p1't

(n) ~A ftr~~.

(tv' .. ",,-i\i'tS ",dad ~

sro C sro"

110 of 510 to 1(0 n '

__ ._...~ --..-~ . ...;:.. .... :....:.r. ....

.....

·11 '.!f11ltl

['fJI~-~~]

[ ~lI'ti(QJ'(]

[ ~ ]

1Jr'-l iOOlm ~ ~ i1ql~ijlat(¥( I ""CilI4; ~~: qn:'l~~ II~" Hi !Pnlir ~;ri mU iff 1(~. ~ ~ I

~9"lIR~q.,6 ri:ij .. it·!I1rit·~: "~II

..

~ !PIqat'ijJ~q ~~ lI1R1f;U I

.... ... ..

~ ll.,q'if: ~ U'f =r~~IWf"'f1---~1P{.II~11

P-:." .... .... ~...Q ....

all1>:(IINIWf .. q~ ~ ;rrq jiiiilqij ,

~: m:(IMI ~ Cfi~ IIVII

~ « ... ~fic:(I"J1(~~ Sliti:'''4I:'

~

1,ll1>lJlt~Ul~'~ ~ Slatl~ij: 1I~1I

;mft "~'tCilI"q SRfRt (If SlEfi':(I~(( I ~(~lfflP~CtCilnd I{'i~ ~ 11\11 m:~: e44I~Ia1,~~ 11C(=t]IWit: I

.... .... ' .,.

~~~: ~:qq~: ,1\9"

~ ·ft ~Ust"! ~IClij(d'" , .

atQlII '!I.f~I'\it"lq ~ ~ safttlUijl lIell

I D .II~ I :I P ~ (!) I

Emendations proposed by Mabamabop1dhyay~ Siva Datta ji in the body of the text.

PI,ge. Line Printed text Emen, proposed.
3 4 riu~ilPmI· "~!lqChI'U"'''o
.. 13 ,,~ ~
'5 .. " "
9 20 !II~dl ~ni~n"
II II oflq'+4' of«qq:_;o¥f{:
~I 11 Af;R1 snmt:
II 18 IR'It a~ CORRIGENDA.
5 20 sN1;R SNl~t
J1 )3 • ~
~
1.3 11 o;r """.q; iiEiChi41.J: .
J4 6 ~ U1If'I.. -_ ... __ ._._-----------------

·3 P D·Pl· I

!lJ . ..ft-Sl~" ~. II ;rn11t«~~leti ~~t ~tr ~«Ilij: I ~l"acr .~ J(~~S~ lieU ~~ flclChI¥fI44 ~~ifi(qi~f(l,,;f: I

e .~~~

wq".q¥t.et.etHferR .I~~~ijli( 1Ia.,1l

~ crn'iRrT ffi f.I"1g"'l'iHII~m ,

. ~: rtqr(l~ 'ti(rliilr(l!lf~: lit 011

~ ij ~ ~ (Cf~¥f'fjQ q.~E( I

~: (1t:q~' m ~ firm ~ It t t II ~ II

"

( l ]

~ !iql(H'4 fitril ;mr ~: I ¥iW'illrq?f ~~: 4::t@Ol"""Pi ,. IItll ~ !l'laijJl"'fmtt'iJ~ I

.. ,,~...... oS

Q: fl+q(ifi~1 ~" e'42(151r.r4(1Q: lI~n

-.:I~ ~ ~ ,,~

cllti4j"t ~a ., .... iill~ IAl Slqlq~( I

ttT~ "'4:(mifR4 "cr~I(Q'ilII~P IiJ II~II ~ ~Q4I1~ flRr fii'lCh ... iflg Ptf'ft'IO: I ~ ~ ~ ~~~{1et ~ li~\lU mRUlIiiI ;fI(i-.t ifiAfl",1 ",fiI~.,a: ·1

~ sr$Sftd ~ 41'lq('5fi~ '11"" ~ ~.cprt jf'4I~ i~bli;\1l{~

lllR mm ~ ~ ~ •• ~f6 U~;lllll

-_._---

• P 'l;ffi'~A '3l'fl: I

I P *,~j ~ I 2 D There is a blackdot 011 10Ag '~t' showing as if it is cancelled. 3 P .«I~~+i .. " I D ~" I

.-.-- _---_._---------'._------------------_ _----

. '1

[ ~~([jsFf .. ~(!J~ ]

[ ~ ]

_Rlqf~~lit' AA tf~ Qq1!lft ~ I '1~~41"'" ~ ~ m stfdCftld 'ti{~" ~ " ti14"I~t ;rcf mr ~ql i'11~ql I

.,.p. .CI ~.-.~ A "-

QI4. dt6f\+i1(1(3H d~qiilC{W ~ II~II

UlIIG+lfij44Jfit 'lfi(4QII"W!t f.IcjJ~ I

mr.r ~~ ~ !4ICa4II5t(: II~II

""'?\:(lIlT: ifi{.q+tl~: 6JS1filQQ(w I .

~ (lSI' \f~i{( \f~1"4fl{lR mI ~ 1I\i1l ~~~~~~~~I

~l crf~ ~ ~mI1Plll~11 ~~;mT~~~~1 ~~ ~~ dl~f4,iiI ~~II~II mtt ~ ~ ;n1{ u;IT 't'qu-if~~~ I

.... .... '" ",' ....

~lIR roQ' liR ~ ~ ~t(9( 11\911

. .... . ~. .... ....

.... {~('QT""II ... I'9YI .. rw" 111\41111 QN4Q1 ~(Ql"'" I

c.,"" f .... SoII.I ....

NICh«t14 ~ ~ ~ 6lf4S1dal:(I':l4d 111=11

~ crllr((tll~4Qt q(~lij~ I

...

ctrot ~;mr ~~ ~ nsu

'EI{l"tC(ll1i ~ rot ~ ~ I

'I':{"" ~ fifhI 5141(11(, ~: II toll «Wi('51ril ~ ifi(1Ilfl!r ij4'4l4dIlWr "({4~ I

1'41 qiiili(=d\ ~ efPT ii{4Q U:gq~ II t t II

I D .lir~ I 2 P ~iI~r.r I 3 P 11f1f.f I 4 1.11i(!iHI"I ,

. '-'-.-.--~'-~- ... ~.- .... ~ ... ---~.----- .. ------_ -- -- - - .-. -- ------------

..

5 P ~q*"1'(ClIlfOf liP ~o I

2 P D 51~lqj, In D this reading is dotted (i. e. cancelled) and rirnt is written instead on the margin.

3 D ~ I .. P m4Ul~ 15 P 6~ 16.J> o~~111 7 P ~ I 8 D ~ I 9 P ~. I

lOP ~1$4(!tK. I D 'PHtl~("'( ell I P ~llII.1

.... ---.~ _, . - _----------_ .. _--_ .. _--_ ..

I P ~ I ]) has 't4"i!lI"I~, but \fof is cancelled and (fiR is written on the margin. 2D has q;Jiilrothis is can-

celled and «Ill is written on tbe DlOlI·gin. 3 P ~ I

.... , ... ~ ).:':-'

c

4 P <r-RPll D ((i!flR, but not clear.

I D ..... fOf , 2 D ..n'4I~"If.\' I 3 P ~ t 4 P ~: I

5 P om:. 6 ]) om. 7 Roth mss. give number 9 on the next line, and go on counting wrongly till sloka 21.

,

7 P D ~ .. ~m " 8 P ~M~ I 9 ~) ~ A1faT I lOP m<f I J I P ~~W'm I

-

.. ..."

~~--.~lii?iq", II a I \9 II

~q~'l..11 J( II '. t •

. ~" """ .

~TQf ~ ~~nl~ TJTIl(SFI~1 ~;r;\T-T~'

liirs~ emir ~ ~ crT ~ ij~fit. *(I~'( "r::" ell [ ;S~stS1~(1!)1( ]

[ t]

a'I'r.:'I'Hr ~ ~;).;. • • '"

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