Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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UNCLASSIFIRFM 1-15
WAR DEPARTMENT
~JRAEDUNCLASSIFIED S,
AunMaOIDOD DIR. 5200. I R
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FM 1-15
UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON: 1942
WAR DEPARTMENT,
WASHINGTON, April 10, 1942.
FM 1-15, Army Air Force Field Manual, Tactics and Tech-
nique of Air Fighting, is published for the information and
guidance of all concerned.
[A. G. 062.11 (3-10-42).]
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:
G. C. MARSHALL,
Chief of Staff.
OFFICIAL:
J. A. ULIO,
Major General,
The Adjutant General.
DISTRIBUTION:
R and H 1-7, 17(6); Bn 1(8), 17(5); IBn 7(5); IC 7(5),
11(5).
(For explanation of symbols see FM 21-6.)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. Objectives of air fighting. Paragraphs Page
Section I. General -_____________!____________ 1-4 1
II. Pursuit aviation in defense_______ 5-8 3
III. Penetrations of pursuit defense...____ 9-10 6
CHAPTER 2. Tactical plans _________-____________ 11-15 9
CHAPTER 3. Factors affecting air fighting____--- __ 16-20 11
CHAPTER 4. Organization of pursuit aviation.
Section I. General _____-------------------- 21 14
II. Components_----____ _____________ 22-25 14
CHAPTER 5. Employment of pursuit aviation.
Section I. General _________________________ 26-29 17
II. Methods of pursuit defense________ 30-32 18
III. Pursuit aviation in local defense___ 33-39 19
IV. Pursuit aviation in general defense_ 40-48 22
V. Interception ____________________
-- 49-55 27
VI. Technique of interception ________ 56-60 34
VII. Support of air striking forces______ 61-62 37
VIII. Support of ground forces__________
-- 63-67 38
IX. Pursuit in night operations--______ 68-71 40
CHAPTER 6. Air tactics of pursuit aviation.
Section I. General _____-__--_------ _________ 72-73. 43
II. Pursuit formations ______________- 74-79 44
III. Combat tactics------------------- 80-81 49
IV. Individual offensive tactics________ 82-88 50
V. Light offensive tactics____________
- - 89-94 52
VI. Squadron offensive tactics_______- _ 95-99 55
VII. Group offensive tactics__________ 100-106 58
VIII. Pursuit defensive tactics________ 107-112 63
CHAPTER 7. Tactics of aircraft fighting defen-
sively _______-------_-_ _________ 113-117 66
INDEX _________--
- ---______________________________
- -- 69
III
FM 1-15
RESTRICTED
CHAPTER 1
SECTION I
GENERAL
1
2-4 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
2
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 5
SECTION II
4
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 6-7
452056'--42 2 5
7-9 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
SECTION III
6
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 9-10
7
10 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
8
CHAPTER 2
TACTICAL PLANS
9
14-15 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
10
CHAPTER 3
of-fire to the path of the target and with the rate of change
of that angularity.
(b) Motion of the firing airplane about any of its three
axes reduces accuracy of fire.
(3) Accuracy of firing weapon.-Projectiles from weapons
with a high degree of inherent accuracy follow more closely
and consistently the mean trajectory upon which sighting is
based, thereby increasing fire power of individual weapons.
In all weapons that accuracy will vary with range. Other
factors being equal, each combatant endeavors to gain the
range that will be most favorable to the accuracy of his own
weapons and least favorable to the accuracy of his opponent's
weapons.
(4) Individual marksmanship.-A high degree of individual
skill is an essential requirement for successful air fighting.
Correct estimation of the range; accurate aiming; and, for
the fixed gun installation, skillful piloting of the airplane are
the most important factors. Camera guns should be used
in conjunction with firing weapons for the purpose of in-
struction and improvement of technique of attack; a check
of the developed film will indicate the cause of errors, such
as firing at ineffective ranges and improper approach.
(5) Volume of fire.-The rate of fire of each weapon and
the total number of weapons available are factors beyond the
tactical control of the combat commander in air combat.
Volume of fire is tactically controlled by the proportion of
the available weapons that are actually brought to bear upon
the target. Every effort is made through maneuver and dis-
position to use the maximum number of weapons simulta-
neously.
* 18. TRAINING.-Tactical situations which may confront
combat aviation units are so numerous and varied that defi-
nite tactical rules of procedure cannot be set down to cover
them. It is for this reason that they must depend to a high
degree on training and indoctrination for the successful
accomplishment of their missions. Drilled in fundamental
principles of aerial combat, the pilots are trained to think
and act as a unit. The ultimate aim of indoctrination is to
enable the commander to exercise tactical control with the
minimum of commands. Indoctrination develops its maxi-
12
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 18-20
SECTION I
GENERAL
COMPONENTS
14
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 23-25
16
CHAPTER 5
EMPLOYMENT OF PURSUIT AVIATION
Paragraphs
SECTION I. General ______________________________________ 26-29
II. Methods of pursuit defense --___--____--------- 30-32
III. Pursuit aviation in local defense________________ 33-39
IV. Pursuit aviation in general defense____________
- - 40-48
V. Interception __________________________-___ 49-55
VI. Technique of interception____________________
- -56-60
VII. Support of air striking forces____________________ 61-62
VIII. Support of ground forces-_______________________ 63-67
IX. Pursuit in night operations ___________________
-- 68-71
SECTION I
GENERAL
* 26. MISSION OF PURSUIT.-The mission of pursuit aviation
is to deny to the hostile air force freedom of action in the air.
* 27. DENIAL OF FREEDOM OF ACTIoN.-The denial of freedom
of action to enemy air forces is accomplished in three ways:
a. Destruction.-Total destruction of the enemy forma-
tions by offensive action in the air, thereby depriving the
enemy of weapons with which to continue air warfare.
b. Attrition.-Reducing the enemy air forces by casualties
in air combat to such an extent that-
(1) Their operations become expensive in personnel and
matdriel;
(2) Their morale is lowered; and
(3) Their will to continue air warfare is adversely affected.
c. Threat.-The mere fact that pursuit forces are present
and are likely to attack at any time within their operating
zones will limit the freedom of action of the enemy in those
zones. This threat causes the enemy to carry defensive
armament which reduces the load of offensive weapons or
fuel, or both. Furthermore, it requires the enemy to fly in
large formations for mutual support, thereby reducing their
freedom to maneuver and restricting the number of targets
that might otherwise be attacked.
17
28-31 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
SECTION III
19
33-36 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
SECTION IV
PURSUIT AVIATION IN GENERAL DEFENSE
* 40. GENERAL.-A general defense is provided for the purpose
of defending a number of objectives that are located within
a specified area or defensive sector. It gives security to ob-
jectives that have no active defenses, or that are weakly
defended, and supports all local defenses within the defended
area. Although not as effective as a local pursuit defense
in providing security for particular objectives, a general de-
fense can provide a measure of security for many more
objectives within a given force than it would be possible to
defend by local defense.
* 41. CHARACTER OF DEFENSE.-a. A general defense is an
extended defense, consequently the probability of making an
interception without the assistance of an aircraft warning
service is remote. The distance from the alert station at
which pursuit aviation operating with an aircraft warning
service is capable of engaging the enemy in combat is deter-
mined by the extent of the aircraft warning service, the course
flown by the enemy force, the relative performance of enemy
and friendly airplanes, the altitude of enemy penetration,
and the effect of wind.
b. Pursuit operates in general defense by ground alert, air
alert, or patrol methods. Ground alert should be used when-
ever time and space factors will permit. If the situation
precludes the use of ground alert pursuit, air alert, or a
combination of air alert and ground alert methods should be
adopted. Pursuit patrols are relatively ineffective in estab-
lishing a screen to resist enemy penetrations, and are em-
ployed only when an aircraft warning service is lacking or
is so limited in extent that it does not provide time for effec-
tive interception by the air alert method, and the importance
of the target makes it imperative that the'defended objective
be provided pursuit defense.
22
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 42-44
25
46-48 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
INTERCEPTION
* 49. GENERAL.--. In order to alert pursuit defense units and
effect interception of hostile aircraft penetrating a defended
area, information of the approach and progress of the enemy
is necessary. The technique of interception for either local
or general defense is similar except that in general defense
no restriction is placed on the allowable distance at which
interceptions are made whereas, in local defense, operations
are limited to the immediate vicinity of the defended objec-
tive. The technique of interception in local defense is
described below.
b. Information required by the pursuit force commander in
order to intercept and attack a hostile air force includes-
(1) What.-Type, strength, and disposition of hostile air-
craft.
(2) Where.-Location, altitude, direction of flight, and
speed of the enemy.
(3) When.-Time of the observation.
*] 50. OBSERVATION STATIONS.-A continuous watch must be
kept in a large area surrounding the defended objectives.
Such a watch performed by airplanes on patrol would require
the use of an enormous number of aircraft which would con-
sequently not be available for combat use. Therefore, a net
of ground observation stations must be established about the
defended objective.
* 51. EXTENT OF WARNING SERVIcE.-The distance to which
the net of observation stations must extend outward from the
airdromes of defending pursuit forces is governed by time
and space factors. These in turn involve the time required
for the transmission of information, operation and movement
27
51-52 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
of the defending pursuit forces, air combat, and for the move-
ment of the hostile aviation force.
* 52. DESIRED LINE OF INTERCEPTION.--. The technique of in-
terception is based upon the requirements that friendly air-
craft intercept the enemy aircraft while the latter are still
at a distance from the objective. In local defense the line
connecting points at which interception is desired is called
the "desired line of interception" and is abbreviated and re-
ferred to as the "desired L. I." A schematic presentation of
a defended objective and the desired L. I. about that objec-
tive are shown in figure 2.
*bjec##W
28
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 52-53
452056°-42 5 29
53-54 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
30
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 54
GROUND
31
54-55 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
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SECTION VI
TECHNIQUE OF INTERCEPTION
36
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 60-62
SECTION VII
37
62-64 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
SECTION VIII
38
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 65-66
39
66-68 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
SECTION IX
40
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 69-71
41
71 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
42
CHAPTER 6
GENERAL
43
73-75 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
PURSUIT FORMATIONS
45
77-79 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
46
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 79
+4
+ 4
+ *
+4
*+
PLANVIEW
SIDEVIEW
FIGURE 6.-Three-ship V.
4 4
+ PLANVIEW
51DE VIEW
47
79 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
PLANVIEW +
SIDEVIEW
* *
PLAN VIEW
SIDE VIEW
FiGTuRE 9.-String.
48
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 80-81
SECTION III
COMBAT TACTICS
* 80. GENERAL.-a. In the performance of its defensive mis-
sion in antiaircraft security, pursuit aviation in all circum-
stances adopts the most strenuous tactical offensive. Combat
tactics are based on the infliction of the maximum casualty
effect upon the enemy forces with minimum losses to its own
forces.
b. In the direct defense of other aviation forces, pursuit
provides security by escort. Combat tactics are based on
providing the freedom of action required by the escorted force
in the execution of its mission.
* 81. PHASES OF COMBAT.-a. Approach to combat.-The ap-
proach to combat has a greater influence on the result of the
combat than any other phase of operations. Surprise affords
a tremendous advantage. Approach to attack from the most
vulnerable or blind sector of the hostile formation confuses
the enemy as to the proper counteraction to be taken.
Fighter pilots must be thoroughly familiar with the military
characteristics and most vulnerable sectors of enemy aircraft
and formations. When the enemy is sighted, the attack or
the maneuver for attack position should be initiated without
delay.
b. The combat.-The combat must be carried out with
speed and determination. The first blow is very important.
Sustained fire beginning at ranges where effective fire or
hits may be reasonably scored and continued through to close
ranges is most effective. Every effort is made to maintain
the organization of the force and prevent the development
of the engagement into a melee of individual combats.
c. Exploitation or withdrawal.-Determined effort is made
to take advantage of any confusion and dispersion of the
enemy force which may result from the initial assault. If
the assault has been indecisive or unfavorable, a withdrawal
is effected in such manner as to minimize losses while
regaining the tactical advantage.
49
82-83 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
SECTION IV
51
86-89 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
53
ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL 92-93
55
96-98 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
57
99-102 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
SECTION VII
GROUP OFFENSIVE TACTICS
* 100. ORGANIZATION.-The pursuit group is normally com-
posed of three tactical squadrons. The group formation
provides a strong fighting force with ample reserves for
operations against large enemy aviation forces.
* 101. PuRPos.--a. The pursuit group provides a large con-
centration that has sufficient strength to-
(1) Force a favorable decision in the air against large
enemy concentrations.
(2) Effect penetrations of enemy territory against strong
hostile fighter resistance.
(3) Provide security and reserve detachments without un-
duly detracting from the effectiveness of the main force.
(4) Provide air security to an area by continuous patrols;
by an alerted force; or by a combination of both without
resulting in excessive fatigue to personnel.
b. The group is the largest tactical pursuit organization
that can be controlled in the air by an individual. The group
commander exercises this control through the squadron com-
manders. It is the largest pursuit command that can be
maneuvered into position for a coordinated attack on an
appropriate hostile formation.
* 102. POSITION OF GROUP COMMANDER.-TO exercise tactical
control of a pursuit force during combat it is essential that
the commander be able to observe directly the disposition
and conduct of his command. The position of the group
commander in a group formation will depend upon the situa-
tion and upon his own judgment. He may actually lead
the group by attaching himself to the leading unit or by
leading a command flight and requiring the group to con-
form to his movements. In actual combat he will place
58
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 102-104
59
104-105 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
avoided, draw the enemy away from the main body. For
this reason it is essential that communication be maintained
with the main body. The security detachments normally are
flight elements dispatched from one squadron. After the
main body is committed to the attack the security detach-
ments assemble over the scene of combat and join the reserve.
(2) The main body.-The assault echelon is the guide for
the entire formation. The support and reserve echelons,
taking position above and slightly to the rear of the assault
echelon, conform to its movements and remain in quick sup-
porting distance at all times.
b. Pursuit versus bombardment.-In operations against
bombardment formations, where normally no pursuit pro-
tection is expected, security detachments are not necessary.
However, a part of the group is thrown out in front of the
main body for conducting search. The strength of the
search force is dependent upon the amount of information
available as to the enemy location and movements. If little
information is available, the entire group may assume the
search formation with squadrons echeloned laterally and in
altitude. The squadron making contact with the enemy re-
ports, immediately reassembles, and takes up the main as-
sault position from the rear. The remaining squadrons as-
semble and take up positions to the flanks. If equipped for
bombing, one squadron takes a position above and initiates
bombing attacks.
* 105. ATTACK ON FORMATIONS.--. Pursuit formations.-Sur-
prise attacks by a group on a hostile fighter formation will
seldom be effected. When the enemy fighter formation is
contacted and combat is to be initiated the security detach-
ments assemble with the reserve echelon while the main body
maneuvers for position.
(1) Upon equal or inferior numbers the initial attack is
made by the assault and support echelons in a rapid suc-
cession with the aim of causing the maximum casualties and
disrupting the formation. If disruption of the enemy for-
mation occurs, superior numbers are used to overwhelm the
disrupted elements. The reserve, meanwhile, retains its alti-
tude over the scene of combat under control of the group
commander. It is not committed until needed to support
60
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 105
61
105-106 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
62
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 107-110
SECTION VIII
63
110-111 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
64
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 111-112
65
CHAPTER 7
66
TACTICS AND TECHNIQUE OF AIR FIGHTING 115-117
67
117 ARMY AIR FORCE FIELD MANUAL
68
INDEX
Paragraph Page
Aim of pursuit force fighting on defensive________ 108 63
Air-
Alert defense _________________-____________ 38 21
Defense by air attack forces -- _______________ 9 6
Fighting -_______________1______........ I 1
Striking forces, support ___--_____----______ 61, 62 37
Tactics of pursuit aviation. (See Pursuit
aviation.)
Aircraft (see Reconnaisance aircraft):
Performance _______________-_______________ 16 11
Tactics of fighting defensively______________ 113-117 66
Warning service___ -------_--- ___________ 6,8,33, 69 4,
6, 19, 41
Airplane:
Tactics of single __________--_____________ 109, 116 63, 67
Types ______-_----- -____________--__-______ 22, 73 14, 43
Alerting pursuit at night _______-- ______________ 71 41
Altitude _____-___--- __________---_. .......-----
20 13
Of interception ____________.----___________ 54 30
Antiaircraft artillery zone, pursuit in, at night...__ 71 41
Armament ____________----------------- ---- _-- - 17 11
Characteristics_______-____---- ------------- 7 5
Effect on air tactics -_----_----------------- 15 10
Armor____________________________________
-15 10
Artillery zone, pursuit in _____---- ________ -_____ 71 41
Assault-
At night___-________--___------------------ 71 41
Echelon ----------------------------------- 96 55
Attack forces, air defense by air _---------------- 9 6
Attack on-
Captive balloons______-- __----------------- 88 52
Formations -___________.------
- ------------ 87 52
Flight ___--- _____---------------------- 93 54
Group__-------------- __ --------------- 105 60
Squadron__ __-------------------------- 98 56
Multiseater ___---------------------------- 86, 92 51, 53
Single-seater ________----------------------- 86,91 51,53
Two-seater_______-_--- -------------------- 85 51
Attacks:
Methods -------------------------------- 10 7
On ground personnel and targets_____________ 65 39
Balloons, attack on captive ______----------------- 88 52
Basis for effective pursuit employment __----____ 6 4
Blind spots__------------------- ---------------- 15 10
Bombardment:
Aviation forces, air fighting tactics___________ 113 66
Formations:
Group attack _________----------------- 105 60
Squadron attack____-------------------- 98 56
Pursuit versus__ __------------------------- 104 59
69
INDEX
Paragraph Page
Bombing attacks by hostile pursuit_______________ 117 67
Bombs_-___________________________________ 65, 97, 105 39, 56, 60
Camera guns________-___----___-----__________
- -17 11
Captive balloons, attack_____________________
- - -88 _ 52
Character of defense-------_______._____________ 41 22
Circle, Lufberry______________________________ 110, 111 63, 64
Climb_______________--
- - - ___________________
- -- 54 30
Clouds __--- - ______________________________
- - -- 19 13
Code, use in interception_ -_____ -_______________
57 34
Combat-
Disposition, group_________________-----___- 104 59
Forces, size of pursuit ______________________
-- 7 5
Formation______--------.---.--- ______--__ 90, 96 53, 55
Fundamentals -___________-__--____________ 83 50
Patrols _________--------------------------- 39 21
Phases______-------------------------------- 81 49
Tactic s____
---------------..---------- ___- 80, 81 49
Time--______-- _...----------___ ________- -- _ 52 28
Communication _______----- ______ 25, 33, 57, 68, 71, 103 15, 19,
34,40,
41,59
Compact defensive formations, attack by group___ 105 60
Composition of formations______________________ 77 45
Concentrations_-----____________ _____________'_ 67 40
Conduct of-
Air striking forces _________________________ 46 25
Defense____
----------- ____
- --- ____________ 46 25
Control:
In interception_---------------------------- 57 34
Methods___ __-_-------------- - _____________ 103 59
Controlling factors in employment of pursuit_____ 28 18
Cooperation, searchlight________________________ 70 41
Coordinated air attacks______________-------- _ _ 10 7
Coordination of defense means _________________ 35 20
Counterreconnaissance mission___________________ 64, 65 38, 39
Data keeper, in interception_____________________ 59 35
Defending pursuit limitations_ -- _______________ 46 25
Defense:
Air alert_----------------------------------- 38 21
Air attack forces -__---____-_-______________ 9 6
Area or installations-________ ______________ 30 18
Character_______--------------------------__ - 41 22
Conduct------------------------- ------
- 46 25
General ----- _________-----
--- - -___-_ - -__ 32 19
Pursuit aviation in___________________
- -40-48 22
Ground alert -____------_________________--. 37 21
In depth -------------------.--------- ---. 46 25
Local-_____-___ ...------------------------ _ 31, 33 18, 19
Pursuit aviation in ____________________
-- 33-39 19
Means, coordination _-______--- __--- - _____- 35 20
Methods of pursuit------------------------- 30-32 18
Mobility, necessity -------------------------- 46 25
Penetrations of pursuit-____________---_____ 9, 10 6, 7
Pursuit aviation in ___________________---
-- - 5-8 3
Scope____________-----------------...
------ 42 23
70
INDEX
71
INDEX
Paragraph Page
Lufberry circle _---___________________________ 110, 111 63,64
Maneuverability__ -- - -_-_-________________ 16 11
Marksmanship, individual ___________-__________ 17 11
Mass attacks __________________…-_______________ 10 7
Measurement of success_________________________ 4 2
Methods:
Control of pursuit group__ _________________ 103 59
Development_----------________--------- 14 9
Operation________________
-. _ . ..........10 7
In support of ground forces______________ 65 39
Pursuit defense_____________________________ 30-32 18
Support of air striking forces ______________ 62 37
Missions:
Pursuit ____________------------------------ 26-29 17
Pursuit forces in support of ground forces -____ 64 38
Mobility, defense, necessity for _________________ 46 25
Moral effect of pursuit defenses ____________----- 5 3
Movement, enemy, in interception_______________ 55 32
Multiseater:
Attack on _-------------------------------- 86 51
Flight---------------------------------- 92 53
Fighter type_____________________-_--------- 22,73 14,43
Formation__ - _-_-___.__-___-______---------- 76,87 45,52
Interceptor type _________------------------ 22 14
Navigation in interception ____________--------- 58 34
Night-
Attacks_____________________________--
------ 10 7
Fighter __------------- --------------------- 5 3
Interceptor ____________________-______-__-- 22, 73 14,43
Operations, pursuit in _______________-__-___ 68-71 40
Pursuit tactics ____------------------------ 71 41
Objectives:
Air fighting _------------------------------ 1-8 1
Observation stations______-_____------------ 50 27
Pursuit _______---_-------. ----------------- 34 20
Offensive as combat fundamental__________------ 83 50
Offensive tactics:
Flight____________-------------- ------------------------ 89-94 52
Group ________-__------------------ __-- -- 100-105 58
Individual __________---------------------- 82-88 50
_
Squadron- ------------------------------
__ 95-99 55
Offensively fighting forces ______-_-------------- 3 2
Organization of pursuit group _______________-- 23, 100 14, 58
Oxygen __________---- -- .---------------------- 20 13
Patrols:
Combat_-------------------- -------------- 39 21
Fighting-__-------------------------------- 66 39
Penetrations of pursuit defense ______________-_- 9, 10 6, 7
Performance, aircraft--__----------------------- 16 11
Personnel, attacks on ground___________-------- 65 39
Phases of combat_------------------------------- 81 49
Plan:
Execution_____-------------------------------- 13 9
Selection of tactical _________-------------- 12 9
Plans, tactical___-__--------------------------- 11-15 9
73
INDEX
74
INDEX
Paragraph Page
Search formations__ _---- ______________________ 97 56
Search in interception___________________________ 60 36
Searchlights -5, ____________________________ 68, 70 3,40, 41
Secondary air attacks____________________________ 10 7
Security:
Combat fundamental_______________________ 83 50
-104
Detachments_____________________________ 59
Formations fighting defensively _-_____- _____ 115 66
Selection of tactical plan ________-________________ 12 9
Signals:
Searchlight__-- ____- ____________________
- -- 70,71 41
Visual________________-__._________________- 103 59
Single-seater:
Attack --__________________________________ 84 51
Flight attack -91____________________________ 53
-
Formations___________________________
-- _- 76 45
Special support for air striking forces_____________ 62 37
Speed factors______________.------------------- 16 11
Squadron-
Defensive tactics _________________---------- 111 64
Offensive tactics ________________________---- 95-99 55
--
Organization_____________ _----------__ _-_ 23 14
Types________________
--- _-------------- 24 15
Stations, observation_______- __--_--_----------- 50 27
Strength of formations____________-__----------- 24,78 15,46
Striking forces, air:
Conduct -_______________---------------- _- 46 25
--..
Support______________----. 61, 62
_----------- 37
Support:
Air striking forces _______________----------- 61, 62 37
Echelon _____-_--.__----_------------------- 96 55
Ground forces _________--
------------------- 63-67 38
Surprise as combat fundamental_________-------- 83 50
Tactical employment of flight ___________--_-----_ 89 52
Tactics (see Defensive tactics; Offensive tactics;
Pursuit aviation):
Combat -------------- _-------------------- 80, 81 49
Night pursuit__________------------------- 71 41
Target plotter in interception ________----------- 59 35
Targets, attacks on ground --------------------- 65 39
Time, combat ---------------------------------- 52 28
Time fuze-
Bombing attacks ___-_---------------------- 117 67
Bombs_----------------------------------- 105 60
Training_--------_----------------------------- 18 12
Two-seater, attack on _____--_------------------ 85 51
Types, airplane__-------------------------------- 22, 73 14,43
Types of formations_____------------------------ 79 46
Visibility…___ ------------------------- 19 13
Visual signals for group control______________---- 103 59
Warning service, aircraft__----____---------------- 6, 8, 33 4, 6, 19
Extent-___----------------------------- 51 27
Night use of -------------------------------- 69 41
Weather conditions ___-------------------------- 19 13
75
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