%flow percentage 0f DP rage applied mA signal

0 0 4
10 1 4.16
20 4 4.64
30 9 5.44
40 16 6.56
50 25 8
60 36 9.76
70 49 11.84
80 64 14.24
90 81 16.96
100 100 20

DP is equal to the (square of the mass flow)/((square of (pipe CSA X square of beta
ratio))x density).

Cross Sectional Area

Cross-sectional Area of a Steel Pipe can be calculated as

A = 0.785 di 2 (1)

where

A = cross-sectional area of pipe (Square Inches)

di = inside diameter (inches)

BETA RATIO is the ratio of orifice plate bore divided by pipe I.D. is referred to as the Beta Ratio or d/D
where d is the plate bore and D is the pipe I.D.

Pipe Size OD ID Schedules Wall

1/8" .405 .307 10, 10S .049
1/8" .405 .269 40, ST, 40S .269
1/8" .405 .215 80, XS, 80S .095
1/4" .540 .410 10, 10S .065
1/4" .540 .364 40, ST, 40S .088
1/4" .540 .302 80, XS, 80S .119
3/8" .675 .545 10, 10S .065
3/8" .675 .493 40, ST, 40S .091
3/8" .675 .423 80, XS, 80S .126
 1/2" .840 .710 5, 5S .710
1/2" .840 .674 10, 10S .674
1/2" .840 0.622 40, ST, 40S .622
1/2" .840 0.546 80, XS, 80S .546
1/2" .840 0.464 160 .464
1/2" .840 0.252 XX .252
3/4" 1.050 .920 5, 5S .065
3/4" 1.050 .884 10, 10S .083
3/4" 1.050 .824 40, ST, 40S .113
3/4" 1.050 .742 80, XS, 80S .154
3/4" 1.050 .612 160 .219
3/4" 1.050 .434 XX .308
1" 1.315 1.185 5, 5S .065
1" 1.315 1.097 10, 10S .109
1" 1.315 1.049 40, ST, 40S .133
1" 1.315 .957 80, XS, 80S .179
1" 1.315 .815 160 .250
1" 1.315 .599 XX .358
1 1/4" 1.660 1.530 5, 5S .065
1 1/4" 1.660 1.442 10, 10S .109
1 1/4" 1.660 1.380 40, ST, 40S .140
1 1/4" 1.660 1.278 80, XS, 80S .191
1 1/4" 1.660 1.160 160 .250
1 1/4" 1.660 .896 XX .382
1 1/2" 1.900 1.770 5, 5S .065
1 1/2" 1.900 1.682 10, 10S .109
1 1/2" 1.900 1.610 40, ST, 40S .145
1 1/2" 1.900 1.500 80, XS, 80S .200
1 1/2" 1.900 1.338 160 .281
1 1/2" 1.900 1.100 XX .400
2" 2.375 2.245 5, 5S .065
2" 2.375 2.157 10, 10S .109
2" 2.375 2.067 40, ST, 40S .154
2" 2.375 1.939 80, XS, 80S .218
2" 2.375 1.687 160 .344
2" 2.375 1.503 XX .436
 2 1/2" 2.875 2.709 5, 5S .083
2 1/2" 2.875 2.635 10, 10S .120
2 1/2" 2.875 2.469 40, ST, 40S .203
2 1/2" 2.875 2.323 80, XS, 80S .276
2 1/2" 2.875 2.125 160 .375
2 1/2" 2.875 1.771 XX .552

Pipe Size OD ID Schedules Wall

3" 3.500 3.334 5, 5S .154
3" 3.500 3.260 10, 10S .219
3" 3.500 3.068 40, ST, 40S .308
3" 3.500 2.900 80, XS, 80S .065
3" 3.500 2.624 160 .109
3" 3.500 2.300 XX .133
3 1/2" 4.000 3.834 5, 5S .083
3 1/2" 4.000 3.760 10, 10S .120
3 1/2" 4.000 3.548 40, ST, 40S .226
3 1/2" 4.000 3.364 80, XS, 80S .318
3 1/2" 4.000 2.728 XX .636
4" 4.500 4.334 5, 5S .083
4" 4.500 4.260 10, 10S .120
4" 4.500 4.026 40, ST, 40S .237
4" 4.500 3.826 80, XS, 80S .337
4" 4.500 3.624 120 .438
4" 4.500 3.438 160 .531
4" 4.500 3.152 XX .674
4 1/2" 5.000 4.506 40, ST, 40S .247
4 1/2" 5.000 4.290 80, XS, 80S .355
4 1/2" 5.000 3.580 XX .710
5" 5.563 5.345 5, 5S .109
5" 5.563 5.295 10, 10S .134
5" 5.563 5.047 40, ST, 40S .258
5" 5.563 4.813 80, XS, 80S .375
5" 5.563 4.563 120 .500
 5" 5.563 4.313 160 .625
5" 5.563 4.063 XX .750
6" 6.625 6.407 5, 5S .109
6" 6.625 6.357 10, 10S .134
6" 6.625 6.065 40, ST, 40S .280
6" 6.625 5.761 80, XS, 80S .432
6" 6.625 5.501 120 .562
6" 6.625 5.187 160 .719
6" 6.625 4.897 XX .864
8" 8.625 8.407 5S .109
8" 8.625 8.329 10, 10S .148
8" 8.625 8.125 20 .250
8" 8.625 8.071 30 .277
8" 8.625 7.981 40, ST, 40S .322
8" 8.625 7.813 80 .406
8" 8.625 7.625 80, XS, 80S .500
8" 8.625 7.437 100 .594
8" 8.625 7.187 120 .719
8" 8.625 7.001 140 .812
8" 8.625 6.875 XX .875
8" 8.625 6.813 160 .906

Pipe Size OD ID Schedules Wall

10" 10.750 10.482 5S .134
10" 10.750 10.420 10S .165
10" 10.750 10.250 20 .250
10" 10.750 10.136 30 .307
10" 10.750 10.020 40, ST, 40S .365
10" 10.750 9.750 60, XS, 80S .500
10" 10.750 9.562 80 .594
10" 10.750 9.312 100 .719
10" 10.750 9.062 120 .844
10" 10.750 8.750 140 1.000
10" 10.750 8.500 160 1.125
12" 12.750 12.438 5S .156
12" 12.750 12.390 10S .180
12" 12.750 12.250 20 .250
12" 12.750 12.090 30 .330
12" 12.750 12.000 ST, 40S .375
12" 12.750 11.938 40 .406
12" 12.750 11.750 XS, 80S .500
12" 12.750 11.626 60 .562
12" 12.750 11.374 80 .688
12" 12.750 11.062 100 .844
12" 12.750 10.750 120 1.000
12" 12.750 10.500 140 1.125
12" 12.750 10.126 160 1.312
14" 14.000 13.624 10S .188
14" 14.000 13.500 10 .250
14" 14.000 13.376 20 .312
14" 14.000 13.250 30, ST, 40S .375
14" 14.000 13.124 40 .438
14" 14.000 13.000 XS, 80S .500
14" 14.000 12.812 60 .594
14" 14.000 12.500 80 .750
14" 14.000 12.124 100 .938
14" 14.000 11.812 120 1.094
14" 14.000 11.500 140 1.250
14" 14.000 11.188 160 1.406
16" 16.000 15.624 10S .188
16" 16.000 15.500 10 .250
16" 16.000 15.376 20 .312
16" 16.000 15.250 30, ST, 40S .375
16" 16.000 15.000 40, XS, 80S .500
16" 16.000 14.688 60 .656
16" 16.000 14.312 80 .844
16" 16.000 13.938 100 1.031
16" 16.000 13.562 120 1.219
16" 16.000 13.124 140 1.438
16" 16.000 12.812 160 1.594
Pipe Size OD ID Schedules Wall
18" 18.000 17.624 10S .188
18" 18.000 17.500 10 .250
18" 18.000 17.376 20 .312
18" 18.000 17.250 ST, 40S .375
18" 18.000 17.124 30 .438
18" 18.000 17.000 XS, 80S .500
18" 18.000 16.876 40 .562
18" 18.000 16.500 60 .750
18" 18.000 16.124 80 .938
18" 18.000 15.688 100 1.156
18" 18.000 15.250 120 1.375
18" 18.000 14.876 140 1.562
18" 18.000 14.438 160 1.781
20" 20.000 19.564 10S .218
20" 20.000 19.500 10 .250
20" 20.000 19.250 20, ST, 40S .375
20" 20.000 19.000 30, XS, 80S .500
20" 20.000 18.812 40 .594
20" 20.000 18.376 60 .812
20" 20.000 17.938 80 1.031
20" 20.000 17.438 100 1.281
20" 20.000 17.000 120 1.500
20" 20.000 16.500 140 1.750
20" 20.000 16.062 160 1.969
24" 24.000 23.500 10, 10S .250
24" 24.000 23.250 20, ST, 40S .375
24" 24.000 23.000 XS, 80S .500
24" 24.000 22.876 30 .562
24" 24.000 22.624 40 .688
24" 24.000 22.062 60 .969
24" 24.000 21.562 80 1.219
24" 24.000 20.938 100 1.531
24" 24.000 20.376 120 1.812
 24" 24.000 19.876 140 2.062
24" 24.000 19.312 160 2.344
30" 30.000 29.376 10 .312
30" 30.000 29.250 ST, 40S .375
30" 30.000 29.000 20, XS, 80S .500
30" 30.000 28.750 30 .625
48" 48.000 47.250 ST, 40S .375
48" 48.000 47.000 XS, 80S .500

For all pipe sizes the outside diameter (O.D.) remains relatively constant. The variations in wall
thickness affects only the inside diameter (I.D.).

Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

To distinguish different weights of pipe, it is common to use the Schedule terminology from
ANSI/ASME B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe:

• Light Wall
• Schedule 10 (Sch/10, S/10)
• Schedule 20 (Sch/20, S/20)
• Schedule 30 (Sch/30, S/30)
• Schedule 40 (Sch/40, S/40)
• Standard Weight (ST, Std)
• Schedule 60 (Sch/60, S/60)
• Extra Strong (Extra Heavy, EH, XH, XS)
• Schedule 80 (Sch/80, S/80)
• Schedule 100 (Sch/100, S/100)
• Schedule 120 (Sch/120, S/120)
• Schedule 140 (Sch/140, S/140)
• Schedule 160 (Sch/160, S/160)
• Double Extra Strong (Double extra heavy, XXH, XXS)

Note that many of the schedules are identical in certain sizes.

Stainless Steel Pipe

For stainless steel pipes thru 12-inch, schedule numbers from Schedule 5S to schedule 80S are
used as published in ANSI/ASME 36.19M Stainless Steel Pipe.

• Schedule 5S (Sch/5S, S/5S)

• Schedule 10S (Sch/10S, S/10S)
 • Schedule 40S (Sch/40S, S/40S)
• Schedule 80S (Sch/80S, S/80S)

Density of Water (g/mL) vs. Temperature (°C)

(from Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 53rd Edition, p. F4)

Whole degrees are listed down the left hand side of the table, while tenths of a
degree are listed across the top.
So to find the density of water at say 5.4 °C, you would first find the whole degree
by searching down the left hand
column until you reach '5'. Then you would slide across that row until you reach the
column labeled '0.4'.
The density of water at 5.4 °C is 0.999957 g/mL.

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.99989
0 41 47 54 60 66 72 78 84 89 5

0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.99993
1 00 05 09 14 18 23 27 30 34 8

0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.99996
2 41 44 47 50 53 55 58 60 62 4

0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.99997
3 65 67 68 69 70 71 72 72 73 3

0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.99996
4 73 73 73 72 72 72 70 69 68 6

0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.99994
5 65 63 61 59 57 55 52 50 47 4

0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.99990
6 41 38 35 31 27 24 20 16 11 7

0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.99985
7 02 98 93 88 83 77 72 66 61 5

0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.99978
8 49 43 37 30 24 17 10 03 96 9
 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.99970
9 81 74 66 58 51 42 34 26 17 9

0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.99961
10 00 91 82 73 64 54 45 35 25 5

0.9996 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.99950
11 05 95 85 74 64 53 42 31 20 9

0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.99939
12 98 86 75 63 51 39 27 15 02 0

0.9993 0.9993 0.9993 0.9993 0.9993 0.9993 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.99925
13 77 64 52 39 26 12 99 85 72 8

0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.99911
14 44 30 16 02 88 73 59 44 29 4

0.9990 0.9990 0.9990 0.9990 0.9990 0.9990 0.9990 0.9989 0.9989 0.99895
15 99 84 69 54 38 23 07 91 75 9

0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9988 0.9988 0.9988 0.9988 0.9988 0.9988 0.99879
16 43 26 10 93 77 60 43 26 09 2

0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9986 0.9986 0.9986 0.9986 0.99861
17 74 57 39 22 04 86 68 50 32 3

0.9985 0.9985 0.9985 0.9985 0.9985 0.9985 0.9984 0.9984 0.9984 0.99842
18 95 76 58 39 20 01 82 63 44 4

0.9984 0.9983 0.9983 0.9983 0.9983 0.9983 0.9982 0.9982 0.9982 0.99822
19 05 85 65 45 25 05 85 65 44 4

0.9982 0.9981 0.9981 0.9981 0.9981 0.9980 0.9980 0.9980 0.9980 0.99801
20 03 83 62 41 20 99 78 56 35 3

0.9979 0.9979 0.9979 0.9979 0.9979 0.9978 0.9978 0.9978 0.9978 0.99779
21 92 70 48 26 04 82 60 37 15 2

0.9977 0.9977 0.9977 0.9977 0.9976 0.9976 0.9976 0.9976 0.9975 0.99756
22 70 47 24 01 78 55 32 08 85 1

0.9975 0.9975 0.9974 0.9974 0.9974 0.9974 0.9973 0.9973 0.9973 0.99732
23 38 14 90 66 42 18 94 69 45 0
 0.9972 0.9972 0.9972 0.9972 0.9971 0.9971 0.9971 0.9971 0.9970 0.99706
24 96 71 46 21 96 71 46 20 95 9

0.9970 0.9970 0.9969 0.9969 0.9969 0.9969 0.9968 0.9968 0.9968 0.99680
25 44 18 92 67 41 14 88 62 36 9

0.9967 0.9967 0.9967 0.9967 0.9966 0.9966 0.9966 0.9965 0.9965 0.99654
26 83 56 29 03 76 49 21 94 67 0

0.9965 0.9964 0.9964 0.9964 0.9964 0.9963 0.9963 0.9963 0.9962 0.99626
27 12 85 57 29 01 73 45 17 89 1

0.9962 0.9962 0.9961 0.9961 0.9961 0.9960 0.9960 0.9960 0.9960 0.99597
28 32 04 75 47 18 89 60 31 02 3

0.9959 0.9959 0.9958 0.9958 0.9958 0.9957 0.9957 0.9957 0.9957 0.99567
29 44 14 85 55 26 96 66 36 06 6

0.9956 0.9956 0.9955 0.9955 0.9955 0.9954 0.9954 0.9954 0.9954 0.99537
30 46 16 86 55 25 94 64 33 02 1