Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ii) Give, using diagrams, the electronic structure of a calcium atom and a calcium ion. [7]
b)
' An isotope of calcium has a mass number of 40. Another isolo-pe of.c.alcium has a mass
ir
numb er'o| 44, What does the nucleus of each isotope contain? t3l
n rrl r2, tv,n - 6A ? nl dliyy| - I+tl ,,/#f\. I I
{
.#'"; Ca ion
) electrons. lr5:r
{a} complete Fig. 6.1 to describe the particles in the calclum iort.
number lrt
electrical charg€
one Caz+ ion
positive chorge
neuiraI
cha
Fig.6.1 t5l
(b) How does the formafion of the calcium ion show that calcium is a metal?
Page I of6
Nov 04/ P3/ Q9
a) Atoms with two e!gq!q!g sell can combine with atoms with seven
electrons in tFeii ouEimost shell. Draw cross' diagrams to show such
combination. Name tne atoms and the compounds formedl BefY[iUm F\Uffide t6]
b) t*o'"tn#lil"n
ionic compounds win conduct etectricig,tvnlflP ims ,{ree to condqct tKiytdty
iD solid ionic compounds will not conduct electricity. t4l
n6 yltbile io{tJ r not frft fo - . -.
t/vlc\^e {o oncluct elecv(q
Nov Oil P3/ QG
' Fig. 6.1 contains drawings of the nuclei of five diflerent atoms, l, J, K, L and M.
IJK
L ro. o
oo
I o.^, o
o a" o
key
proton O
t
neulron O
Fig.6.l
Which ol the atoms l, J, K, L and M
r$n no =somg l rM i\
t1l ' -/
(b) has a nucleon number of thre6,
L
tl l
Page 2 o1'6
Nov Oil P3/ QT
Fig.7.1showe the arrangement of elsctrons of an element from one of the Groups of the
Periodic Thble shourn on paga 12.
key
electron a
nucteus
@
Fig.7.1
(a) Draw in the space below the arangement of electrons of another alemenl in the oame
Group.
- c
0/cuP
2- A'6
tzl
(b) The element shown in Fig.7.1 reacts wlth hydrogen. Draw a diagram in the space below
to show th€ arrang€ment of electrons in the compound formed in this reaction.
€- of ||ydt"ogzrt
e- of oxYOen
{av t3I
--'-=-/ W il-o{
n
carbcvr
( Nov061P3/ Qe i e o{ cxrlSeh
\ -----ii1
u)
il Name the type oJ chemical bond found in a molecule of carbon dioxide. COVAtehf
Draw a ' dot and cross' diagram to show the anangement of electrons in a carb-ori
dioxide molecule. Only the outer electron shells need to be shown. tn
b) Substances with the chemicalbond found in carbon dioxide normally have a relatively
low boiling point. Explain why, t3l
rha covql€ht rnotecu(e ie he{d +ogether lry r.reqk irte!'vnoteetpF-.+gl8s
ot oftracten . onry qe.,'narl 4 rnewJy '(*rql.rirel
3*ynt ro o$€ncqyla
1!rr wwE {rce of offruct{on .
Nov 07/ P3/ Q7
Fig.7.1 ehov*a the structure ol solid sodium chlorlde and Fig.7.2 shows the structure of
gasecus hYdrogen ctlbrid€-
%-#ffi
Flg.7.1 Flg.7.2
solid ga$€ous
sodium chloride hydrogen chloride {)
key
(a) Explain why sodium chloride has a very high meltlng point.
llDlten sfiIr.r..f9K
r!1 t9.-Msyl . t31.tr. lrgJg nsp
1o o,Auct etrc{ricdy t,
(ll) When allorrved to soliclify sodium chtorlde loses the ablllty to c.onduct olectriclty.
Explain why,
l1^4rc n no rrroblle irlrrr to m114.t'.,gn9!...ccn9l$SJ..f !9Jlr-i31y.,,...,...
t3l
Page 4 of 6
Nav 07/ P3/ Q9
An element has an isotope with fte nucleon nurnhar 9,
Fach of tha isotopa'e neutral etorrs hag foqrr elec#ons and a nucleus containing tm different
tps*rt p$fide,
(*) Sive ffre namss of lfreee. pafiicles and the. numbgr of aath partlde presenlin each nuclaus.
' Frotoyl, hetfron t rsutope fl | K6t?eiz
I 4grctons t4l
I a6, 5 neqtohJ I
(b) Gompare the masses and compare lhe etectrical changre of these particles. l3l
{c} Ths elemant has another isotope wilh atoms that have a nucleon number of ten.
3 This table shows some intormalion about atoms ol the elements W, X, Y and Z.
{The letters do not represent th€ atomlc symbols of the elements,)
w 16 16 16 g2 2.8.6
x 7 7 7 14 2.5
Y 1 1 1 2 1
z 11
ll 12 23 2.8. I
{a} (i) Complete the table by filling in the information for element Z. t3l
(ii) Give a reason why element Z is likely to be a metal. r
lvretal andro t0s€ iff valence..r:..,j:.,g..T...pgsjl.*...i.ft../..........
"iiitt if "Air'+ddt1A' "Alinp'i .4,ir r. 11l
ih
(bl (ll Describe the change In elec#onlc configuration that occurs to an atom of element
W when itforms an ion.
................t11
Page 5 of6
x : e-ol x
e ; e- o€ Y
1
n
I A verv imoortant usa of salt is to provlde tho huge
E of chlorine that are used every day' Chlorine is Na* @ cl- C
*7,."*ountt
made industrially by electrolysis of concentrated'
produces chforine as
f. aqueous soolum cnnride, This
ift an elemsnt.
-_
i
. .9,g,n^,gl..qgg.t.{. -e!9:Y.,:Y..i...,. .. . .
cry$tals to be 'very
tb) Explain why the lattice structure ol sodium chloride cau$ee the
hard'and have 'regular shapee" ,.
T.F-ll* s .r*.{s.*P..* l-o-'$r.r\..?\?w..!ttll .iss %4 I. ion'
,T\4e force 4 attractiun beftveevr 0.PP..0rqJY.,,9.h9.fE:*.....(q\c...??-..Y:Y
S\To\nq
......'..'rif
anot herre +tt\e kr'rs qr€ ?y!W{....9.ftn.*....,.............. rzt \ )
etrucilre- +\^a't OMe K its l"egrtOr sharg'
6iqnt{afrtice
cvytqt
Page 6 of6