IAD 2331-Fundamental of Computer Network

4G P1 WIMAX

Name: Matric no.

MUHAMMAD SHAH FITRI BIN AMRAN 3101023821

AHMAD MARZUKY BIN YUSUF 3101002241

RAZ HAFIZUDDIN BIN RAZALI 3101002321

KYAW HTOO THWIN 3101002031

INTRODUCTION

The first generation (1G) and second generation (2G) of mobile telephony were intended
primarily for voice transmission. The third generation of mobile telephony (3G) will serve both
voice and data applications.
The original analog cellular systems are considered the first generation of mobile
telephony (1G). In the early 1980s, 1G system was deployed. At the same time, the cellular
industry began developing the second generation of mobile telephony (2G). The difference
between 1G and 2G is in the signaling techniques used: 1G used analog signaling, 2G used
digital signaling. As experience shows, the lead-time for mobile phone systems development is
about 10 years. It was not until the early to mid 1990s that 2G was deployed.
Primary thinking and concept development on 3G generally began around 1991 as 2G systems
just started to roll out. Since the general model of 10 years to develop a new mobile system is
being followed, that timeline would suggest 4G should be operational some time around 2011.
4G would build on the second phase of 3G, when all networks are expected to embrace Internet
protocol (IP) technology.

3G or 3rd generation mobile telecommunications, is a generation of standards for mobile

phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling the International Mobile
Telecommunications-2000 (IMT — 2000) specifications by the International
Telecommunication Union. Application services include wide-area wireless
voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.
To meet the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak data rates of at least
200 kbit/s. Recent 3G releases, often denoted 3.5G and 3.75G, also provide mobile
broadband access of several Mbit/s to smartphones and mobile modems in laptop computers.
 During the last year, companies such as Ericsson, Motorola, Lucent, Nortel and
Qualcomm came up with “3G-plus” concepts that would push performance of approved, though
still emerging, standards beyond current ones.

CHRONOLOGY

On 14 December 2009, the first commercial LTE deployment was in the Scandinavian
capitals Stockholm and Oslo by the Swedish-Finnish network operator TeliaSonera and its
Norwegian brandname NetCom (Norway). TeliaSonera branded the network "4G". The modem
devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710), and the network
infrastructure created by Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm). TeliaSonera plans to roll
out nationwide LTE across Sweden, Norway and Finland. TeliaSonera used spectral bandwidth
of 10 MHz, and single-in-single-out, which should provide physical layer net bitrates of up to
50 Mbit/s downlink and 25 Mbit/s in the uplink. Introductory tests showed a TCP throughput of
42.8 Mbit/s downlink and 5.3 Mbit/s uplink in Stockholm. On 25 February 2010,
Estonia's EMT opened LTE "4G" network working in test regime.

Sprint Nextel released the first WiMAX smartphone in the US, the HTC Evo 4G on 4
June 2010. In July 2010, Uzbekistan's MTS deployed LTE in Tashkent. Latvia's LMT opened
LTE "4G" network working in test regime 50% of territory on 25 August 2010. On 6 December
2010, at the ITU World Radiocommunication Seminar 2010, the ITU stated
that LTE, WiMax and similar "evolved 3G technologies" could be considered "4G". In
December 2010, VivaCell-MTS launches in Armenia 4G/LTE commercial test network with a
live demo conducted in Yerevan. Lithuania's Omnitel opened LTE "4G" network working in 5
biggest cities 28 April 2011.
What is 4G technology ?

When talking about 4G, question comes to our mind is what is 4G Technology. 4G is short
for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology. 4G Technology is basically the extension in the 3G
technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G. But at this time nobody exactly
knows the true 4G definition. Some people say that 4G technology is the future technologies that
are mostly in their maturity period. The expectation for the 4G technology is basically the high
quality audio/video streaming over end to end Internet Protocol. If the Internet Protocol (IP)
multimedia sub-system movement achieves what it going to do, nothing of this possibly will
matter. WiMAX or mobile structural design will become progressively more translucent, and
therefore the acceptance of several architectures by a particular network operator ever more
common.

Many Technologies appear in many different flavours and have many diverse tags attached to
them, but that does not really indicate that they are moving in dissimilar tracks. The technologies
that fall in the 4G categories are UMTS, OFDM, SDR, TD-SCDMA, MIMO andWiMAX to the
some extent.

4G Technology offers high data rates that will generate new trends for the market and prospects
for established as well as for new telecommunication businesses. 4G networks, when tied
together with mobile phones with in-built higher resolution digital cameras and also High
Definition capabilities will facilitate video blogs.

After successful implementation, 4G technology is likely to enable ubiquitous computing, that

will simultaneously connects to numerous high date speed networks offers faultless handoffs all
over the geographical regions. Many network operators possibly utilize technologies for
example; wireless mesh networks and cognitive radio network to guarantee secure connection &
competently allocates equally network traffic and bandwidth.

Some of the companies trying 4G mobile communication at 100 Mbps for mobile users and up to
1 Gbps over fixed stations. They planned on publicly launching their first commercial wireless
network around 2010. As far as other competitor’s mobile communication companies working
on 4G technology even more quickly. Sprint Nextel was planned to launch WiMAX over 4G
broadband mobile network in United States. Some of the other developed countries like United
Kingdom stated a plan to sale via auction of 4G mobile frequencies couple of years back. The
word “MAGIC” also refers to 4G technology which stands for Mobile multimedia, Any-where,
Global mobility solutions over, Integrated wireless and Customized services.
Objective and approach

Objectives
4G is being developed to accommodate the quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set
by further development of existing 3G applications like mobile broadband access,Multimedia
Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mobile TV, but also new services like HDTV. 4G may
allow roaming with wireless local area networks, and may interact with digital video
broadcasting systems.

In the literature, the assumed or expected 4G requirements have changed during the years
before IMT-Advanced was specified by the ITU-R. These are examples of objectives stated in
various sources:

 A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the client physically moves at high
speeds relative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s while client and station are in relatively fixed
positions as defined by the ITU-R[21]
 A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world
 Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks
 Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks
 High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio,
high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc.)
 Interoperability with existing wireless standards
 An all IP, packet switched network
 IP-based femtocells (home nodes connected to fixed Internet broadband
infrastructure)
Approaches
Principal technologies

 Physical layer transmission techniques are as follows:

 MIMO: To attain ultra high spectral efficiency by means of spatial processing
including multi-antenna and multi-user MIMO
 Frequency-domain-equalization, for example Multi-carrier modulation (OFDM)
in the downlink or single-carrier frequency-domain-equalization (SC-FDE) in the uplink:
To exploit the frequency selective channel property without complex equalization.
 Frequency-domain statistical multiplexing, for example (OFDMA) or (Single-
carrier FDMA) (SC-FDMA, a.k.a. Linearly precoded OFDMA, LP-OFDMA) in the
uplink: Variable bit rate by assigning different sub-channels to different users based on
the channel conditions
 Turbo principle error-correcting codes: To minimize the required SNR at the
reception side
 Channel-dependent scheduling: To utilize the time-varying channel.
 Link adaptation: Adaptive modulation and error-correcting codes
 Relaying, including fixed relay networks (FRNs), and the cooperative relaying
concept, known as multi-mode protocol
Data Comparison

This figure is about the data comparison

WiMAX update IEEE 802.16m expected to offer peak rates of at least 1 Gbit/s fixed speeds
and 100Mbit/s to mobile users.
About the P1 WIMAX

Packet One Networks (P1)

Packet One Networks (P1) is a Malaysian converged telecommunications, broadband and

Wimax service provider. The company was founded in 2002 and is a subsidiary of Green Packet
Berhad. In March 2007, P1 was one of four companies awarded 2.3 GHz spectrum licenses by
the Malaysian Government to deploy WiMAX services throughout Malaysia. In August 2008, P1
became the first company to launch commercial WiMAX services in Malaysia.

P1 Products and services

P1 W1MAX

P1 W1MAX is presently a fixed portable broadband service that runs on the 2.3 GHz
WiMAX spectrum and 802.16e 2005 standard, which is known as Mobile WiMAX. It enables
wireless broadband access up to 30 miles (50 km) from the base station.

P1 W1MAX offers three type of modems:

• P1 W1MAX DS300 Shared Modem

• P1 W1MAX DV230 Shared Modem that integrates WiMAX, 802.11 b/g WiFi and voice
functionality into one device.
• P1 W1MAX DX230 New 3-in-1 Modem that integrates WiMAX, 802.11 b/g/n WiFi and
voice .

WIGGY

P1 W1MAX's On-the-Go Portable Modem is called WIGGY

P1 W1MAX offers three packages:

• WIGGY 129 which has speeds up to 3 Mbit/s;

• WIGGY 89 which has speeds up to 1.5 Mbit/s.
• WIGGY 58 which has speeds up to 600 kbit/s

The WIGGY is also available in prepaid.

Initially, the WIGGY was advertised to offer speeds of up to 10Mbps. At the time the
package was offered, it was the fastest wireless package offered in Malaysia. However this
package was quickly pulled when the company received backlash after many of the subscribers
found that they were unable to achieve the 10Mbps speed.

 WiMAX for Embedded Devices

P1 W1MAX also offers WiMAX subscription for Intel powered Netbook and Notebooks
that are WiMAX ready.

4G WiMAX Network

P1 occasionally advertises it's network as a '4G' network. However, this is primarily a

marketing gimmick as WiMAX does not meet the ITU's specification of 4G which requires
attaining a download speed of 1Gbps for tabletop transceivers and 100mbps for mobile
transceivers. However, P1 isn't alone in this misleading marketing gimmick, two other WiMAX-
based ISPs also market the technology as 4G.

The fact that the upcoming WiMAX Release 2 aka IEEE 802.16m specification does adhere
to the 4G specifications and is officially recognized by the ITU as a 4G system only further adds
to the confusion.

Green Packet brings WiMAX to life for P1, Malaysia’s first and leading WiMAX Operator

Packet One Networks (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. (P1) is Malaysia’s first and leading WiMAX
telecommunications company, offering the country’s widest WiMAX network, innovating
technology, products and services to advance the way people work, live, learn and play. P1 is
also the first WiMAX Operator in Southeast Asia to roll out commercial WiMAX services under
the 802.16e Mobile WiMAX variant.
Malaysia’s Broadband Climate

Malaysia’s broadband penetration rate of 8.6% is relatively low compared to other Asian
countries such as Singapore (19%), Korea (31%) and Taiwan (21%). As such, several initiatives
were introduced by the Malaysian Government to boost the ICT arena of the nation, declaring
that ICT constitutes an important component for progress.

Echoing the Malaysian Government’s goal, P1 is determined to bridge the digital divide by
ensuring access to Internet is universal, ubiquitous and affordable for every Malaysian. P1 hopes
to play a major part in realizing the Malaysian Government’s vision to have 50% broadband
penetration by 2010, in line with the nation’s ICT plan, MyICMS 886.

The Uphill Climb for P1

Though having a strong first mover advantage, Mobile WiMAX 16e is a completely new
technology to Malaysians, hence, it is important for P1 to convince and convert its prospects to
long-term subscribers. To maintain its leadership position in Malaysia’s WiMAX space, it is
critical for P1 to sustain the quality of its services and extend unparalleled user experience.
Additionally, the WiMAX service tendered has to be easy-to-use and affordable.

How Green Packet Rose to the Occasion

To meet the high expectations of WiMAX in terms of delivering high quality wireless
broadband services and a level of user experience unmatched by any other WiMAX Operator in
Malaysia, P1 chose Green Packet’s WiMAX Solutions to offer WiMAX services to residential
and enterprise users in Malaysia.

Award-winning Plug ‘n Play WiMAX Modems

Green Packet extended its complete range of WiMAX Modems comprising of Indoor,
Outdoor and USB Modems that support various usage scenarios of subscribers. These modems
are aesthetically pleasing and promise best-in-class performance through the combination of
unique antenna design, advanced RF and MIMO technology. Additionally, customization was
included to re_ect P1’s branding.

In particular, our Indoor and USB Modems are designed to be truly plug and play, enabling
subscribers to enjoy instant WiMAX access minus the complexity. This is achieved through
automatic provisioning whereby subscribers’ login details and pro_les are preloaded into the
modems.

As such, subscribers can immediately access WiMAX without having to handle authorization
and authentication mechanisms on their own. Instead, these audits are performed securely behind
the scene by the modems, creating a user-friendly environment and reducing reliance
on P1 Customer Support.
Unified Connection Manager to Represent a Consistent“P1 Experience”

” The wide array of end user devices (laptops, netbooks) and availability of different
WiMAX chipsets can jeopardize P1’s ability to extend a consistent experience to subscribers.
However, Green Packet’s unifieed connection manager supports multiple operating systems and
is compatible with most major end-user devices and chipsets.

As such, P1 only needs to offer one connection manager to all subscribers. This simples
customer service efforts as only one connection manager software needs to be supported.

World-class R&D

Besides our global presence that extends over 8 offices around the world, P1 was impressed
with Green Packet’s world-class R&D efforts globally, in particular our Taiwan R&D Center.

This center is dedicated to advancement in the WiMAX arena where a team of WiMAX
specialists engage in consistent research and development activities to design and provide state-
of-the-art WiMAX Modems with unrivaled performance and quality.

Gearing Towards the Next Phase

Green Packet’s relationship with P1 is built on a long-term strategic partnership. This is

demonstrated via our commitment to continuously provide new and innovative solutions that
supports P1’s vision.

Coverage Improvement Tips

Green Packet’s Coverage Map Solution (an integration between Green Packet’s Connection
Manager, Google Map and P1 Coverage Compass) guides subscribers on how to best position
their modem (facing the nearest base station) to receive optimum coverage.
P1’s Challenges

• WiMAX is a new technology to Malaysians – aggressive educational efforts are required to

gain traction
• Enhance user experience via trendy, plug‘n play WiMAX Modems at attractive
packages
• Sustain the quality and performance of its WiMAX service
• Maintain leadership in Malaysia’s WiMAX space

Green Packet’s Strengths

• Award-winning, best-in-class WiMAX Modems with high aesthetic value

• Connectivity solutions that improves subscriber experience
• Over-the-air update mechanisms
• Dynamic coverage information that assists in sales growth initiatives
• Global reputation with localized support
• Strong grounding in WiMAX R&D activities
Conclusion

In conclusion, 4G wimax is better in capacity, high speed than the previous network
technology. The price for 4G is not cheaper than the other 2G and 3G wimax. However, it will
be affordable cost. And also soon it will be used in single worldwide cellular network.

4G networks may eventually deliver on all the promises. At times, it seems that technological
advances are being made on a daily basis. These advances will make highspeed data/voice-over-
Internet-protocol (VoIP) networks a reality. In the meantime, it is important for industry to
develop a strong 3G offering that is palatable for the general public. Equally as important,
industry must ensure that expectations are realistic and that services meet and exceed those
expectations. If all goes according to what the industry envisions, it may be sooner, rather than
later that we will see wireless communications evolve. This evolution will give the general
public as well as the public safety community amazing functionality from the convenience of a
single handheld device.