LTEXELFO MJ[TGFO

TKQEKY @FXF C[OEFB

\cjr geofe=

( ^KGIFT[B C[FX FT[\

FT[\ OE\XTEC ^KGIKOF\FG XKTBFHF^
XKTBFHF^ CKCKTF\FG OF^E\FG OF\FG 
OF\FG 

F<61 )
 ^FHF DFMF F\X@ F<61 

 GF@F @FBF\E\YF = FGHTE \FGMFUF ^[TDF

 GE@ = ;69<644>>4

HJ\KG ^KGIF@^[ = Hrs. Beher Kakghe, @.^h

^TJITF@ \X[HE ^KGHEHECFG XKCGEC JXJ@JXEA

AFC[OXF\ XKCGEC 

[GEQKT\EXF\ GKIKTE @KHFG

 Duofg @ke 
@ke  4>65
 4>65
 

CFXF ^KGIFGXFT 

^ume hfg syucur sfyf ulfpcfg ckpfhf Xubfg Ufgi @fbf Ksf, cfrkgf ftfs dkrcft hfg
Tfb`
Tfb`ft
ftGy
Gyff skbe
skbegii
giiff sf
sfyf
yf hf
hfpft
pft `kguo
`kguoes
es tuif
tuifss `fcf
`fcfof
ofb
b `ftf
`ftf cuoef
cuoefb
b eg
ege,
e, yfetu
yfetu X[IF
X[IF\\
LTEXELFO MJ[TGFO TKQEKY. \fyf dkrtkre`f cfseb ckpfhf Dfpfc hjskg yfgi dkrsfgicutfg
yfgi suhfb `k`dkrecfg de`degifggyf.

\fyf muif `kgyfhfre dfbwf tuifs ege `fseb dfgyfc ckcurfgifg jokb cfrkgf etu sfyf
`egtf `ffa mecf fhf cksfofbfg hfof` pkguoesfg hfg sfyf muif `kgibfrfpcfg cretec hfg sfrfg
yfgi `k`dfgiug iugf cksk`purgffg tuifs ege.

@ke, 4>65

Fghre \fgmfyf ^urdf

e
 

HFAXFT E\E

Cftf pkgifgtfr....
pkgifgtfr...........
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
..........................
.......................
... e

Hfatfr ese...............................................................................................................
ese......................................................................... ...................................... ee

DFD E. ^KGHFB[O[FG.................................................................................
^KGHFB[O[FG.......................................................... .........................
.. 6

F. Tfsejgfoes
Tfsejgfoesfse
fse pkgtegigyf
pkgtegigyf LMT........
LMT...............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.................
........... 6
D. Xumufg pkguoesfg
pkguoesfg LMT......
LMT.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
.....................
..................
.... 6
L. @fgafft
@fgafft LMT...........
LMT..................
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
......................
...........................
............ 6
H. Ehkgtetfs
Ehkgtetfs Frtecko
Frtecko hfg Murgfo
Murgfo yfgi herkvekw....
herkvekw..........
.............
..............
....................
......................
......... 6

DFD EE. TEGICF\FG E\E FTXECKO...............................................

FTXECKO........................................................
.................
........ <

F. Murgfo [tf`f.......
[tf`f..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
.........................
.................. <
D. Murgfo ^k`dfghegi..
^k`dfghegi........
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
..............
....... ;

DFD EEE. ^K@DFBF\FG/

^K@DFBF\FG/FGFOE
FGFOE\E\....
\E\...........
..............
.............
.............
...................
................................
.................... 9

F. ^k`dfbfsfg
^k`dfbfsfg ese murgfo
murgfo.......
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.....................
...............................
................ 9
D. Ckokdebfg
Ckokdebfg hfg
hfg ckcurfgif
ckcurfgifg
g ese
ese Mjurgfo
Mjurgfo yfgi herkvekw...
herkvekw......................
..........................
....... 9

DFD EQ. ^KG[X[^...............................................................................

^KG[X[^.................................................... ....................................
.............
.... 2

F. Ckse`puofg.
Ckse`puofg........
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
.................
..........................
................ 2
D. \frfg........
\frfg...............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
..........................
.............................
......... 2

HFAXFT ^[\XFCF.............................................................................
^[\XFCF.................................................. ....................................
.............
.... 5

ee
 

DFD E. ^KGHFB[O[FG

F. Tfsejg
Tfsejgfoe
foesfs
sfsee pkgtegig
pkgtegigyf
yf LMT

Hkgifg fhfgyf Lretelfo Murgfo Tkvekw ege hfpft `k`dfgtu `fbfseswf hfof` dkofmfr 
cfrkgf hehfof` suftu murgfo suhfb tkrducte ckdkgfrfggyf tegiifo pk`dflf `kgicretec fpf
ckcurfgifggyf murgfo sftu hkgifg yfgi ofeggyf, hfg muif `kofteb cktkrf`peofg `fbfseswf
ugtuc
ugtuc dk
dkof
ofmf
mfrr df
dfif
ife`
e`fg
fgff `kof
`kofcuc
cucfg
fg su
suft
ftu
u pkgko
pkgkoet
etef
efg.
g. Hfre
Hfre mu
murg
rgfo
fo tk
tkrs
rskd
kdut
ut ce
cetf
tf desf
desf
`kgik`dfgicfg sksuftu bfo yfgi dfru.

D. Xumu
Xumufg
fg pkgu
pkguoe
oesf
sfg
g LMT
 [gtuc `k`kgube sfofb sftu tuifs Lretelfo Mjurgfo Tkvekw Xkcgec ^kgikofsfg


@kgf`dfb `egft `k`dflf.
 @kgegicftcfg rfsf egieg tfu pk`dflf hfof` bfo-bfo pkgkoetefg.

 @kgiuftcfg pk`dflf hkgifg bfseo pkgkoetefg he hfof` suftu pkgkoetefg.

L. @fga
@fgaff
fftt LM
LMT 
 ^kgkoetefg ege hebfrfpcfg hfpft `kgmfhe rkakrkgse pkgkoetefg skofgmutgyf fifr desf okdeb
sk`purgf
 @kofteb `fbfseswf hfof` `k`duft Lretelfo Mjurgfo Tkvekw,hfg


@kgf`dfb wfwfsfg pk`dflf

H. EHKGXEXF\ M[TGFO

6. Murgfo
gfo [tf
[tf`
`f
Muhuo Murgfo = ^KGIFT[B C[FX FT[\ OE\XTEC ^KGIKOF\FG
XKTBFHF^
XKTBFHF^ CKCKTF\FG
CKCKTF\FG OF^E\F
OF^E\FG
G OF\FG
OF\FG ^FHF
DFMF F\X@ F<61
Mkges Murgfo = Murgfo Hegf`ecf Qjcfsejgfo Xkcgec @kseg

 Gj E\\G = 4;82-9;5>

6
 

^kguoes =Hjhy ^rfyetgj, Bfrry Hfgeko Butfifougi, Hfes`fg ^.D. Fme

Qjou`k = Qjou`k <, Gj`jr 6,
Xfbug = Fpreo 4>62
Mu`ofb Bfof`fg = 1 Bfof`fg

Dfbfsf Murgfo = Dfbfsf Eghjgksef

4. Mu
Murg
rgfo
fo ^k`d
^k`dfg
fghe
hegi
gi
Muhuo Murgfo = ^K
^ KGIFT[B C[
C [FX FT
F T[\ OE
O E\XTEC ^K
^ KGIKOF\FG
XKTBFH
XKTBFHF^
F^ CKC[FX
CKC[FXFG
FG XFTEC
XFTEC HFG \XT[CX
\XT[CX[T 
[T 
@ECTJ OF\ \@FY HKGIFG KOKCXTJHF K9>61
Mkges Murgfo = M[TGFO XKCGEC @K\EG,
 Gj E\\G =-
^kguoes = Xregjvf Duhe \fgtjsj, \joelbeg, ^rebfgtj Xre Butj`j
Qjou`k = 4 XFB[G 4<, GJ. 6,
Xfbug = F^TEO 4>6;
Mu`ofb Bfof`fg = 5 Bfof`fg
Dfbfsf Murgfo = Dfbfsf Eghjgksef

4
 

DFD EE TEGICF\FG E\E FTXECKO

F. Murg
Murgfofo [t
[tf`
f`ff
^KGHFB[O[FG
^kgifturfg foerfg aouehf pfhf suftu egstfofse pepf heofcucfg jokb skdufb ljgtrjo vfovk .
^fhf skdufb ljgtrjo vfovk tkrhfpft skft hfg poui yfgi skofou dkrikskcfg. ^oui skregi `kgifof`e
ckfusfg ftfu tkrkrjse. \fofb sftu upfyf ugtuc `kgiu`kgiurfgie
rfgie ckfusfg ofcucfg bfrhaflegi
bfrhaflegi (Oegljgg
Kokltrel
Koklt rel Lj`pfgy,
Lj`pfgy, 4>68).
4>68). Bfrhaflegi
Bfrhaflegi `krupfcfg
`krupfcfg pkgf`dfbfg
pkgf`dfbfg `ftkrefo
`ftkrefo pfhf ojif` ojif` eghuc 
hkgifg `fcsuh `kgegicftcfg ckckrfsfg pkr`ucffg dfsk `ktfo. ^kgf`dfbfg `ftkrefo hfpft
heofcu
heofcucfg
cfg hkgifg
hkgifg pkgiko
pkgikofsf
fsfgg \@FY.
\@FY. FrusFrus oes
oestre
trec
c `krupf
`krupfcfg
cfg sfofb
sfofb sfsftu
tu pfrf`k
pfrf`ktkr
tkr yfgi
yfgi
 dkrpkgifrub tkrbfhfp ckckrfsfg wkoh `ktfo. ^kgegicftfg frus oestrec fcfg `kgegicftcfg
ckckrfsfg wkoh `ktfo ftfu ofpesfg ofsfg. Hkgifg frus pkgikofosfg skdksfr 2> F`pkrk, ckckrfsg
wkoh
wk oh `ktf
`ktfoo pf
pfhf
hf sf`d
sf`dug
ugif
ifg
g \X <9 hf hfg
g \\ <> <>88 fhfo
fhfofb
fb 54.;
54.; BT
BTDD (Uji
(Ujiee Gf
Gfsrsruo
uo,, 4>61
4>61).
).
^kgegicftfg frus f`pkrk hfre 66> F ck 6<> F fcfg `kgegicftcfg ckckrfsfg wkoh `ktfo hfre 6>;
B ck 68> BD (Tehwfy Dfofcf, 4>61). Xumufg pkgkoetefg fhfofb u ugtuc
gtuc `kgiktfbue pkgifrub
pkgifrub frus
oes
oestre
trec
c pkgiko
pkgikofsf
fsfg
g tkr
tkrbfh
bfhfp
fp ckckrf
ckckrfsfg
sfg ofpesf
ofpesfgg ofsfg.
ofsfg. @ktjhk
@ktjhk pkgkoe
pkgkoetef
tefg
g he`uo
he`uofe
fe hkgif
hkgifg
g
`kgyefpcfg dfmf tfbfg cfrft (F\X@ F<61) heiugfcfg skdfife `ftkrefo poui hfg `ftkrefo steooetk
1 skdfife `ftkrefo pkgf`dfb. \teooetk 1 dkrupf kokctrjhf dkrhef`ktkr <.4 ``. ^kgikofsfg hkgifg
 pjsese hftfr heiugfcfg skdfife prjsks lofhhegi.
lofhhegi. Qfrefse frus pkgikofsfg fhfofb 64> F, 68> F hfg
61> F. ^kgium
^kgiumefg
efg ckckrf
ckckrfsfg
sfg heofcu
heofcucfg
cfg pkr`uc
pkr`ucffgffg ofpesf
ofpesfg
g ofs
ofsfg.
fg. Bfrhaf
Bfrhafleg
legii `krupf
`krupfcfgcfg
 pkgf`dfbfg `ftkrefo pfhf ojif` eghuc hkgifg `fcsuh `kgegicftcfg ckckrfsfg pkr`ucffg
 dfsk `ktfo. ^kgf`dfbfg `ftkrefo desf heofcucfg hkgifg pkgikofsfg \@FY. Dkdkrfpf
ckugtugifg hfre pkgiiugffg pkofpesfg pkr`ucffg bfrhaflegi (Hfves, 655<) fhfofb bfseo ojif`
ofsgyff `k`pugyfe
ofsgy `k`pugyfe cktfbfgfg yfgi tegiietegiie tkrbfhfp
tkrbfhfp fus hfg `k`ugiceg
`k`ugicegcfg cfg heiugfcfg
heiugfcfg pfhf
sk`uf cjghese yfgi `kgifof`e fus.
Dfmf tfbfg cfrft `krupfcfg ckoj`pjc hfre dfmf pfhufg yfgi `k`pugyfe seaft ftfu
cfrfctkresfse cbusus. Lere u`u` hfre dfmf tfbfg cfrft fhfofb cfhfr crj`eu` (Lr) yfgi tegiie
tehfc curfgi hfre 61%. Crj`eu` (Lr) hkgifg dkse (Ak) hfof` dfmf `k`dkgtuc ofrutfg pfhft hfg
sjoeh.
sjo eh. \eaft
\eaft utf
utf`f
`f hfre
hfre dfmf
dfmf tfbfg
tfbfg cfrft
cfrft fhfofb
fhfofb cktfbf
cktfbfgfg
gfggyf
gyf yfgi
yfgi tegii
tegiiee tkr
tkrbfh
bfhfpfp cjrjse
cjrjse,,
hesf`pegi `k`eoece seaft cktfgiiubfg yfgi tegiie, `uhfb hedkgtuc, hfg `k`pugyfe seaft `f`pu
ofs yfgi tegiie. \pkseaecfse dfmf tfbfg cfrft stfegokss stkko yfgi heiugfcfg hfpft heoebft pfhf
Xfdko 6.

Xfdko 6. \pkseaecfse `ftkrefo \tfegokss \tkko <61

% L @g \e ^ Lr @j
@j Ge G
@eg. - - - - 61 4 6> -
@fx >.>2 4 >.>8 >.>< 62 < 68 >.6

<
 

. ;

 
@ftkrefo kokctrjhf stkooetk 1 `krupfcfg mkges dfmf tfbfg fus B\OF (Beib \trkgitb Ojw Foojy).
Dfmf ege tkrijojgi ck hfof` mkges `ftkrefo dfru skbegiif tehfc `k`eoece kquevfokgt he hfof`
F\X@ ftfupug stfghfr `ftkrefo ofeggyf. @ftkrefo kokctrjhf stkooetk 1 ehkfo ugtuc fpoecfse pfhf
eghustre pkrtf`dfgifg, eghustre sk`kg, pk`duftfg dfmf, hfg `kseg-`kseg hfg cj`pjgkg hfre
vfovk. Mkges `ftkrefo ege sksufe ugtuc sk`uf tepk fdrfse, ikskr ftfu e`pfc pfhf `khef ckregi ftfu
 dfsfb, tkr`fsuc muif fdrfse tk`pkrftur tegiie (begiif <;>>¾L). ckckrfsfg dfmf ege skcetfr <2>
-85> BQ. Cj`pjsese ce`ef kokctrjhf stkooetk 1 hetf`peocfg pfhf Xfdko 4 (Hkokrj, 4>69).

Xfdko 4. \pkseaecfse kokctrjhf stkooetk 1

\bekohkh @ktfo Frl Ykohegi fhfofb prjsks pkgikofsfg `fgufo he`fg

he`fgff dusur oestrec tkrleptf

% Lr Y L Ge @j Ak \e
@eg. - 8 - - - - -
@fx. <> ; 6.4 < 6 < 4

Dksfrgyf frus pkgikofsfg yfgi hepkroucfg tkrifgtugi pfhf hef`ktkr kokctrjhf, tkdfo dfbfg yfgi
heofs,, mkges
heofs mkges kokctrjhf
kokctrjhf yfgi heiugfcfg
heiugfcfg,, ikj`ktre
ikj`ktre sf`dugifg
sf`dugifg,, hef`ktkr
hef`ktkr egte kokctrjhf,
kokctrjhf, pjsese
pjsese
 pkgikofsfg. Hfkrfb ofs `k`pugyfe cfpfsetfs pfgfs tegiie `fcf hepkroucfg frus yfgi tegiie.
Frus ofs `krupfcfg pfrf`ktkr ofs yfgi ofgisugi `k`pkgifrube pkgk`dusfg hfg cklkpftfg
 pkglferfg ojif` eghuc. @fceg tegiie frus ofs `fceg dksfr pkgk`dusfg hfg cklkpftfg
 pkglferfggyf. Dksfr frus pfhf pkgikofsfg `k`pkgifrube bfseo ofs deof frus tkrofou rkghfb `fcf
 pkrpeghfbfg lferfg hfre umugi kokctrjhf
kokctrjhf yfgi heiugfcfg sfgift suoet hfg dusur oes
oestrec
trec yfgi tkrmfhe
te
tehf
hfc
c ststfd
fdeo
eo.. ^f
^fgf
gfss yf
yfgi
gi tk
tkrm
rmfh
fhee te
tehf
hfc
c lu
lucu
cup
p ug
ugtu
tuc
c `kok
`kokok
okbc
bcfg
fg ojif
ojif`
` hfhfsf
sfr,
r, sk
skbe
begi
giif
if
`kgibfseocfg dkgtuc reie-reie ofs yfgi ckleo hfg tehfc rftf skrtf pkgk`dusfg curfgi hfof`. Mecf
frus tkrofou dksfr, `fcf fcfg `kgibfseocfg `fgec `kokdfr, duterfg ckleo, pkgktrfse hfof`, skrtf
 pkgiuftfg `ftrec ofs tegiie (\urft`fg, 4>>6). Ckcuftfg tfrec `kgegicft hkgifg `kgegicftgyf
frus pkgikofsfg hfre 6>> F ck 61> F skdfife`fgf bfseo pkgkoetefg Mjcj \fgtjsj (4>>1) hfg
Xregjvf Duhe \fgtjsj (4>6;).
(4>6;). Cklkpftfg pkgikofsfg sfgift
sfgift sfgift hepkgifrube
hepkgifrube jokb dksfr cuft
frus yfgi hepfcfe, mkges kokctrjhf, hef`ktkr egte kokctrjhf, `ktfo yfgi fcfg heofs, hfg dkgtuc 
ikj`ktre sf`dugifg. Cklkpftfg pkgikofsfg yfgi tegiie fcfg dkrhf`pfc pfhf dkrcurfgigyf
 pkgktrfse, skbegiif ckcuftfg sf`dugifg `kgurug, hesf`pegi `kgifcedftcfg `fsucfg pfgfs
yfgi hetkre`f pkrsftufg pfgmfgi fcfg `kgmfhe okdeb ckleo. Cklkpftfg pkgikofsfg yfgi tehfc muif
 dkrhf`pfc tkrmfhegyf pkghegiegfg yfgi lkpft skbegiif hfpft `k`pkrckrfs hfkrfb tkrpkgifrub
 pfgfs. Cklkpftfg ofs yfgi tkrofou tegiie fcfg dkrpkgifrub pfhf dkgtuc `fgec ofs yfgi
`kgyk`pet hfg pkgiuftfg `fgec yfgi rkghfb. \kofeg etu hfpft `krudfb seaft `kcfgec hfkrfb
ofsfg yfgi dkrupf gfecgyf ckcuftfg tfrec hfg pkrpfgmfgifg yfgi rkghfb (Yeryjsu`frtj, 4>>2).
^kgifrub cklkpftfg pkgikofsfg hfpft heoebft pfhf Xfdko <. ^kgegicftfg cklkpftfg pkgikofsfg
`kgurugcfg ckcuftfg tfrec ofsfg (@jbruge, 4>6<).

8
 

BF\EO HFG ^K@DFBF\FG

 Geofe rftf-rftf ckckrfsfg ofpesfg ofsfg hkgifg frus pkgikofsfg skdksfr 64> F hfg 68> F `fsegi
 “ `fsegi fhfofb 81; BQ hfg ;68.9 BQ. Deof frus pkgikofsfggyf 61> F `fcf geofe rftf-rftf
ckckrfsfg ofpesfg ofsfg fhfofb 84< BQ. ^kgegicftfg frus pkgiko
pkgikofsfg
fsfg hfre 64> F `kgmfhe 68> F
fcfg `kgfeccfg ckckrfsfg ofpesfg ofsfg hfre 81; Bv `kgmfhe ;68.9 B ftfu gfec 66 pkrskg.
^kgf`dfbfg frus pkgikofosfg dkrecutgyf hfre 68> F ck 61> F `kgykdfdcfg ckckrfsfg ofpesfg
ofs `kgurug
`kgurug hfre ;68.9
;68.9 BQ `kgmfh
`kgmfhee 84< BQ ftfu turug skdksfr
skdksfr 62 pkrskg
pkrskg.. Geofe
Geofe rftf-rft
rftf-rftff
ckckrfsfg `ftkrefo poui fcedft pkgikofsfg h hkgifg
kgifg frus 64> F hfg 6868>
> F `fsegi `fsegi fhfo
fhfofb
fb
4;5.9 BQ hfg 484.< BQ. Geofe rftf-rftf ckckrsfg dfsk `ktfo hkgifg frus pkgikofsfg 61> F
fhfofb 4;4 BQ. ^kgegicftfg frus pkgikofsfg hfre 64> F ck 68> F `kgykdfdcfg geofe ckckrfsfg
 dfsk `ktfo `kgurug hfre 4;5.9 BQ ck 484.< B ftfu turug 1.9 pkrskg. ^kgurugfg skdksfr 1.9
 pkrskg hfpft hecftfcfg tehfc seigeaecfg.
seigeaecfg. ^krudfbfg frus pkgikofsfg dkrecutgyf hfre 68> F ck 61>
F `kgykdfdcfg ckckrfsfg dfsk `ktfo `kgegicft sklfrf hfre 484.< BQ `kgmfhe 4;4 BQ ftfu
gfec 8 pkrskg. ^kgegicftfg skdksfr 8 pkrskg hfpft hefdfecfg. ^kgegicftfg frus pkgikofsfg hfre
64> F `kgmfhe 68> F begiif `kglfpfe 61> F tehfc dkrhf`pfc pfhf geofe ckckrfsfg dfsk `ktfo.
 Geofe rftf-rftf ckckrfsfg dfsk
dfsk `ktfo rkfotea tktfp skcetfr
skcetfr 484-4;5.9 BQ
^kgf
^kgf`d
`dfbfbfg
fg `ftk
`ftkre
refo
fo stko
stkooe
oetk
tk 1 skdf
skdfif
ifee of
ofpe
pesf
sfg
g of
ofss hk
hkgi
gifg
fg `ktj
`ktjhk
hk pkpkgi
giko
kofs
fsfg
fg `f`p
`f`pu u
`kgegicftcfg ckckrfsfg dfsk `ktfo sklfrf @uofe ^krsefpfg `ftkrefo @ftkrefo ^oui

(F\X@ <61) @ftkrefo Kokctrjhf (stkooetk 1) ^kgikofsfg (\@FY) 64> F 68> F 61> F
^k`jtjgifg sf`pko [me ckckrfsfg pfhf Lofhhegi Hftf hfg Fgfoesf \e`puofg
\koksf
\koksfee seige
seigeaec
aecfg
fg dkrifg
dkrifgtug
tugii pfhf
pfhf frus
frus pkg
pkgiko
ikofsf
fsfg
g yfgi
yfgi hei
heiug
ugfcf
fcfg.
g. ^kgifp
^kgifpoec
oecfse
fsefg
fg frus
frus
 pkgikofsfg skdksfr 64 F`pkrk `f`pu `kgegicftcfg ckckrfsfg dfsk `ktfo skdksfr 2> pkrskg.
\k`kgtfrf
\k`kg tfrf pkgi
pkgiiugff
iugffgg frus pkgikofsfg
pkgikofsfg skdks
skdksfr
fr 68> F `kgyk
`kgykdfdc
dfdcfg
fg ckckr
ckckrfsfg
fsfg dfsk `ktfo
`ktfo
`kgegicft 66> pkrskg. ^kgf`dfbfg frus pkgikofsfg `kgmfhe 61> F `kgykdfdcfg ckckrfsfg
 dfsk `kgtfo gfec 9> ^krskg.
^krskg.
 
\E@^[OFG
Dkrhfs
Dkr hfsfrc
frcfg
fg pkgyfm
pkgyfmefg
efg hf
hftf
tf hfg pk`dfb
pk`dfbfsf
fsfg
g he ftfs
ftfs `fcf
`fcf hfpft
hfpft hese`p
hese`puoc
uocfg
fg dfbwf=
dfbwf= 6)
^kgf`d
^kg f`dfbf
fbfgg `ftkre
`ftkrefo
fo stk
stkooe
ooetk
tk 1 hkg
hkgifg
ifg `kgiiu
`kgiiugfc
gfcfg
fg `ktjhk
`ktjhk pkg
pkgiko
ikofsf
fsfg
g \@FY
\@FY `f`pu`f`pu
`kgegicftcfg ckckrfsfg pkr`ucffg `ftkrefo poui, 4) ^kgegicftfg frus pkgikofsfg hfre 64> F ck

68> F `f`pu `kgegicftcfg ckckrfsfg hfre 81; B ck ;68.9 BQ, <) ^kgf`dfbfg frus pkgikofsfg
hfre 68> F ck 61> F fcfg `kgurugcfg ckckrfsfg hfre ;6.89 BQ ck 84< BQ, hfg 8) Ckckrfsfg
tehfc dkrudfb hkgifg `kgegicftcfg frus pkgikofsfg hfre 64> F ck 61> F.

D. Mu
Murg
rgfo
fo ^k
^k`d
`dfg
fghe
hegi
gi
Qfrefs
Qfrefsee cuft frus
frus pkgikof
pkgikofsfg
sfg `k`dkr
`k`dkrecfg
ecfg pkgifru
pkgifrub
b tkr
tkrbfhf
bfhfp
p geo
geofe
fe ckcuft
ckcuftfg
fg tfr
tfrec 
ec 
sf`dugi
sf`dugifg
fg ofs.
ofs. Ckcuft
Ckcuftfg
fg tfrec
tfrec sf`dug
sf`dugifg
ifg ofs rfw `ftkre
`ftkrefo
fo <1,966
<1,966 cia/``
cia/``4.
4. geo
geofe
fe
ckcuftfg tfrec hkgifg cuft frus pkgikofsfg 6>> F`pkrk `kgifof`e pkgurugfg yfetu
<6,21<
<6,21< cia/``
cia/``4.
4. \khfgic
\khfgicfg
fg hkgifg
hkgifg cuft frus
frus pkgikof
pkgikofsfg
sfg 64; F`pkrk
F`pkrk `kgifo
`kgifof`e
f`e

ckgfecfg 8>,249 cia/``4. ^fhf cuft frus pkgikofsfg 6;> F`pkrk `kgifof`e ckgfecfg

;
 

82,;>< cia/``4. Qfrefse cuft frus pkgikofsfg `k`dkrecfg pkgifrub tkrbfhfp structur 
`ecrj hfkrfb BF] hfg ojif` ofs. \tructur `ecrj ojif` eghuc tkrhere hfre pkroet hfg
akrret, structur `ecrj hfkrfb BF]. \tructur `ecrj hfkrfb BF] hfg ojif` ofs hkgifg
cuft frus pkgikofsfg
pkgikofsfg 6;> F`pkrk
F`pkrk tkrhere
tkrhere hfre dfeget hfg weh`fgstft
weh`fgstfttkg
tkg akrretk.
akrretk. \tructur 
\tructur 

`ecrj hfkrfb BF] hfg ojif` ofs hkgifg cuft frus pkgikofsfg 6>> hfg 64; F`pkrk
tkrhere hfre fsutkget sesf
sesf hfg weh`fgstfttkg akrretk.
akrretk. Hfre bfseo pkgkoetefg mecf
mecf pkgikofsfg
\@FY `kgiiugfcfg kokctrjhf K.9>61 `fcf cuft frus yfgi herkcj`kghfsecfg fhfofb
6;> F`pkrk. \frfg Dfie eghustre pkgikofsfg= (f) ^krou hepkrbftecfg tkgtfgi pk`eoebfg
kokctrjhf pfhf pkgikofsfg \@FY fifr `kghfpftcfg bfseo ofs hkgifg seaft `kcfgec yfgi
 dfec. Hesfrfgcfg `kgiiugfcfg kokctrjhf K9>61 ugtuc `kgifbfseocfg sf`dugifg ofs
hkgifg ckcuftfg tfrec yfgi dfec3 (d) ^krou hepkrbftecfg tkgtfgi pk`eoebfg cuft frus pfhf
 pkgikofsfg \@FY fifr `kghfpftcfg bfseo ofs hkgifg seaft `kcfgec yfgi dfec.
Hesfrfgcfg `kgiiugfcfg cuft frus 6;> F`pkrk ugtuc `kgifbfseocfg sf`dugifg ofs
hkgifg ckcuftfg tfrec yfgi dfec. Dfie pkgkoete skofgmutgyf= (f) ^krou pkgkoetefg okdeb
ofgmut tkgtfgi pkgifrub vfrefse cuft frus pfhf pkgikofsfg \@FY ugtuc `kgibfseocfg
seaft
seaft `kc
`kcfge
fgec
c skpkrt
skpkrtee ckckrf
ckckrfsfg
sfg,, ckcuft
ckcuftfg
fg tkcuc,
tkcuc, ckcuftf
ckcuftfg
g tfr
tfrec
ec hfg ofe
ofeg-o
g-ofeg
feg ugtuc 
ugtuc 
`kgifbfseocfg prjhuc ofs yfgi dfec3 (d) ^krou pkgkoetefg hkgifg spkse`kg okdeb dfgyfc 
skbegiif `kghfpftcfg bfseo yfgi okdeb tkoete

1
 

DFD EEE ^K@DFBF\FG/FGFOE\E\

F. Ckokde
Ckokdebfg
bfg hfg Ckugi
Ckugiiuo
iuofg
fg Murgfo
Murgfo
6. Ckok
Ckokde
debf
bfg
g Murg
Murgfo
fo

f. Cktkr
Cktkrcfe
cfetf
tfg
g fgt
fgtfr
fr tjpe
tjpec 
c 
Cfmefg fgtfr tjpec pfhf murgfo ege sfoegi tkrcfet, ^kgifrub Cuft Frus Oestrec 
^kgikofsfg Xkrbfhfp Ckckrfsfg Ofpesfg Ofsfg ^fhf Dfmf F\X@ F<61
 d. \estk`ftecf dfbfg cfmefg
\estk`ftecf pkgyusugfg cfmefg murgfo ege hfpft hecftfcfg suhfb dfec hfg suhfb
sksufe hkgifg
hkgifg pkguoesfg
pkguoesfg stfghfr murgfo yfgi tkpft. Murgfo
Murgfo muif hehesfeg
hehesfeg hkgifg
`ktjhk
`ktjhk pkgkoe
pkgkoetfg
tfg yfgi
yfgi dkrvfr
dkrvfrefs
efsee skrtf
skrtf pkgiiug
pkgiiugffg
ffg irfaec
irfaec pkgif`
pkgif`ftf
ftfg
g skrtf
skrtf
cktkrfgifggyf.

4. Ckok
Ckok`f
`fbf
bfg
g Murg
Murgfo
fo
If`dfr yfgi heduft curfgi mkofs skbegiif fifc suoet
suoet hepfbf`e
hepfbf`e if`dfr tkrskdut.
tkrskdut.
@fseb `k`dutubcfg rkakrkgse rkakrkgse ofeggyf skdfife su`dkr pkghucugi. Xkrhfpft
 pkrdkhffg pkguoesfg hfre ckhuf murgfo tkrskdut. ^kgijofbfg hftf pfhf `ktjhk pkgkoetefg
`fseb curfgi.

9
 

DFD EQ E^KG[X[^

F. CK\E
CK\E@^
@^[O[OFG
FG
Murgfo ege hfpft heiugfcfg skdfife pkghucugi ftfu rkakrkgse hfof` `ftfcuoefb Xkcgec 
^kgikof
^kgi kofsfg
sfg `fupug
`fupug hfof`
hfof` `kgiko
`kgikofs,
fs, cfrkgf
cfrkgf cfmefg
cfmefg `ftkre
`ftkre yfgi
yfgi segicft
segicft hfg `uhfb
`uhfb
hepfbf`e.

D. \FTFG
\kdfecgyf cfmefg hfof` murgfo ege hetf`dfbcfg ftfupug hepfhftcfg fifr hfpft heiugfcfg
ugtuc `k`pkrdfece pkgiktfbufg hfof` tkcgec pkgikofsfg yfgi okdeb crkftea.

2
 

HFAXFT ^[\XFCF

^KGIFT[B C[FX FT[\

FT[\ OE\XTEC ^KGIKOF\FG XKTBFHF^
XKTBFHF^ CKCKTF\FG OF^E\FG
OF\FG ^FHF DFMF F\X@ F<61
F<61 (Hjhy ^rfyetgj6, Bfrry Hfgeko Butfifougi4,
Butfifougi4, Hfes`fg ^.D.
Fme<) Murgfo Hegf`ecf Qjcfsejgfo Xkcgec @kseg,
Fme<) Murgfo @kseg, Qjou`k <, Gj`jr 6, Fpreo
Fpreo 4>62

^KGIFT[B C[FX FT[\ OE\XTEC ^KGIKOF\FG XKTBFHF^ CKC[FXFG XFTEC

HFG \XT[CX[T @ECTJ OF\ \@FY HKGIFG KOKCXTJHF K9>61 (Xregjvf Duhe
\fgtjsj6, \joelbeg4, ^rebfgtj Xre Butj`j<)  M[TGFO
 M[TGFO XKCGEC @K\EG, XFB[G 4<, GJ. 6,
 F^TEO 4>6;