Introduction

Pollution is contamination by a chemical or other agent that renders part of

the environment unfit for intended or desired use. These uses also and very
importantly include all wildlife and ecological requirements to sustain life in
all its natural forms.

Pollution damages the Earth's land, water and air. It results in contamination
of the earth’s environment with materials that interfere with human health,
the quality of life, and the natural functioning of ecosystems (living
organisms and their physical surroundings).

It deserves emphasis that the environment also refers to the place where you
live. Natural processes have released toxic chemicals into the environment
throughout the history of the earth. Currently, the pollution generated by
human activities presents the most serious problem.

Pollution Crisis is a major problem all around the world. It has adversely
affected the lives of millions of people and caused many deaths and health
disorders. Pollution is usually caused by human actions, but can also be the
consequence of natural disasters. Pollution can also occur from disruption or
damage to wastewater collection and treatment infrastructure due to severe
natural events like hurricanes or flooding. Most types of pollution affect the
immediate area surrounding the source, and reduce as you move away from
the source.

To fulfill our demand we pollute our environment continuously which stated

below:
Air pollution

An air pollutant is known as a substance in the air that can cause harm to
humans and the environment. Pollutants can be in the form of solid particles,
liquid droplets, or gases. In addition, they may be natural or man-made.

Particulates of both natural and human origin also cause pollution. Smoke
both natural from fires and human activities cause from industries and other
sources are major and cause much damage. The chemicals that are most
trouble-some in air pollution are formed in the atmosphere by gases. The
pollutant introduced into the atmosphere in the largest quantities by human
activity is carbon monoxide.

Industrial or gray smog is considered the most serious type of air pollution.
Smoke and oxides of that are released by burning coal and oil containing
minor amounts of sulfur is the cause.

Cause

Air Pollution - Each year industrially developed countries generate billions

of tons of pollutants. Many pollutants come from directly identifiable
sources; for example, comes from electric power plants burning coal or oil.
Principal stationary pollution sources include chemical plants, coal-fired
power plants, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, nuclear waste disposal
activity, incinerators, PVC factories, metals production factories, plastics
factories, and other heavy industry. The increasing number of vehicles has
also lead to an increase in Air Pollution, due to the harmful gases like
Carbon Monoxide emitted from these vehicles.
Effect

Throughout the world the damage cause by air pollution is enormous. In

money alone it represents a loss of billions of dollars each year. Many
flower and vegetable crops suffer ill effects from air pollution caused by
exhaust gases. Trees have been killed by pollution. Cattle have been
poisoned. Air pollution causes rubber tires on automobiles to crack and
become porous. Pollutants in the air make it hard for people to breathe
causing lung disease. When it rains the chemicals in the air cause acid rain
hurting the animals and plants

Pollution Control

There are various air pollution control technologies and land use planning
strategies available to reduce air pollution. At its most basic level land use
planning is likely to involve zoning and transport infrastructure planning. In
most developed countries, land use planning is an important part of social
policy, ensuring that land is used efficiently for the benefit of the wider
economy and population as well as to protect the environment.

Efforts to reduce pollution from mobile sources includes primary regulation

(many developing countries have permissive regulations), expanding
regulation to new sources (such as cruise and transport ships, farm
equipment, and small gas-powered equipment increased fuel efficiency
conversion to cleaner fuels.
Water pollution
It covers 71% of the earth's surface and makes up 65 % of our bodies.
Everyone wants clean water-- to drink, for recreation, and just to enjoy
looking at. If water becomes polluted, it’s lost its value to us economically
and aesthetically, and can become a threat to our health and to the survival
of the fish living in it and the wildlife that depends on it.
Although some kinds of water pollution can occur through natural processes,
it is mostly a result of human activities. We use water daily in our homes
and industries. The used water of a community is called wastewater, or
sewage. If it is not treated before being discharged into waterways, serious
pollution is the result. Water pollution also occurs when rain water runoff
from urban and industrial areas and from agricultural land and mining
operations makes its way back to receiving waters (river, lake or ocean) and
into the ground.

Cause

The wastewater and liquids from plants and factories are linked with nearby
river water, which are polluted when they release disposal from these units.
People in Developing/Undeveloped countries also pollute rivers by using the
water in these rivers for washing clothes, utensils, bathing and other
activities. Many companies dump their toxic waste in many rivers and
lakes. Ships spill oil in oceans and rivers. People throw litter in water.
Effect

Water pollution infects the water and renders it unfit for drinking and other
purposes. It is also a major cause of most of the water-borne diseases. Water
pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to
contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing
countries. Toxic waste and oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes and
also cause many animals and plants to die. Litter also is eaten by animals or
they get caught in the litter like six pack plastics causing the animals death.

Pollution control

To keep our used water from spoiling our water resources, we have to
remove the pollutants before the water gets back into the environment.
Industries located in areas where they are not connected to a sewer can
discharge directly into a waterway, but will need a permit, and will probably
have to have their own treatment plants. Homes in non-urban areas that are
not connected to a sewer are usually required by their town to have on-site
treatment systems, which consist of a buried tank connected to a set of
perforated pipes, embedded in gravel, which distribute the water into the
soil.
Noise pollution
Noise is probably the most frequently forgotten of the environmental
pollutants, yet its effects can be many and far-reaching. Noise pollution is
unwanted human-created sound that disrupts the environment. Millions of
people on all continents are exposed to unhealthy levels of noise live in
areas where the daily average noise levels exceed the safe noise level of an
average of 55 decibels. What is a truly safe level of noise is controversial;
levels of between 55 and 65 dB have been used for planning purposes have
been called "acceptable".

Cause

The overarching cause of most noise worldwide is generated by

transportation systems, principally motor vehicle noise, but also including
aircraft noise and rail noise. Besides transportation noise, other prominent
sources are office equipment, factory machinery, appliances, power tools,
lighting hum and audio entertainment systems. Other sources include the
noise in occupational settings or even the noise of simultaneous
conversations. It also seems from a number of studies that intermittent noise
is more of a problem than noise of a similar intensity which is constant. The
machines used in factories make noise throughout the day, and this disturbs
the peaceful atmosphere in the vicinity, as machines used without proper
covering lead to sound pollution. This puts heavy mental strain on the
people staying in the nearby areas. Noise is the most pervasive pollution in
America.
Effect

Noise pollution affects nearly every aspect of life and probably has
damaging physical effects as well. The best-studied and best-defined effect
on physical health is the effect of noise on hearing. Several research studies
suggest that noise can cause high blood pressure. Others say that psychiatric
diseases can be caused by noise. Noise affects us in another significant way;
people exposed to noise feel a greater sense of frustration and annoyance
than people whose environment is not as noisy. Noise induced hearing loss
is hearing loss arising from repeated exposure to moderate noise. The latter
is the more common form of hearing loss due to noise pollution

Pollution control

There are some of the techniques described in our section on Stress to lessen
the impact unpleasant sounds may have on us. When we are more relaxed in
general, big annoyances become little annoyances and may disappear
altogether. When we learn to truly relax, we may find that sounds which
were once of great concern simply faded away into the background.

We should aware from reducing the volume of the sound, which is

unfavorable to others.
Land pollution
Land pollution is where our land may be as far as being
contaminated. All of the bad toxic chemicals and waste, that is left
or dumped on our land, causes it to become polluted. All types of
waste can be found on land. Some is left behind after human
activities and some is washed ashore from boats and sewage outlets.
Also, acid rain can pollute our land.

Cause

We are creating too much waste due to in particular to much

unnecessary packaging. In addition to this, we do not adequately
recycle the waste we create. Many of the resources we use in our
everyday lives are disposed of quickly. Food is wrapped in paper or
plastic bags, drinks are in throw-away bottles or cans, batteries are
disposed of after a short life

Pollution sources include chemical plants, coal-fired power plants,

oil refineries, nuclear waste disposal activity, large animal farms,
metals production factories, plastics factories, and other heavy
industry. Landfills are also the source of many chemical substances
entering the soil environment. With the rising standards of living,
we are throwing away more things and there is an increase in the
quantity of solid waste.
Effect

Nowadays, there is an excess of waste being dumped. The long term

effects of this could be the pollution of new building ground.
People live or work in nearby areas, could suffer from health
problems. The health problems that could occur from land pollution
are not very well known at this time. But the problems the amount
of toxic chemicals , coming from this waste, are going to cause, are
health issues such as deformities or cancers. This is the worrying
issue and it is not quite clear yet about the way in which to prevent
health problems from land pollution .

Pollution Control

The solution to land pollution is reducing, re-use and recycle. We

can try to prevent land pollution by disposing of some waste
correctly.

We can cut down on waste in our dustbins with a little thought and
effort. We can separate household waste at home for recycling . It
would make recycling easier, if waste collection authorities set up a
system for householders to separate their rubbish into paper, glass
and metal. Separate collections would be more expensive in the
short term, but save resources, disposal costs and immeasurable
environmental damage.
Greenhouse Effect

The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon whereby greenhouse gases create a

condition in the upper atmosphere causing a trapping of heat and leading to
increased surface and lower tropospheric temperatures. Heat from the sun
passes through the atmosphere, warming it up, and most of it warms the
surface of the planet. Some of this heat is trapped by the atmosphere, but the
rest escapes into space. The so-called "greenhouse gases" make the
atmosphere trap more of this radiation, so it gradually warms up more than it
should, like a greenhouse.

The greenhouse effect causes trouble by raising the temperature of the

planet. Recent studies have investigated the potential for long-term rising
levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to cause slight but critical increases in
the acidity of ocean waters, and the possible effects of this on marine
ecosystems. Most of the countries, which would suffer most from a rise in
sea levels, are poor countries.

We have possible solution of Greenhouse effect by reduce carbon dioxide by

reducing or eliminating pollutants such as fossil fuels. Find alternative
energy sources, such as solar energy or wind energy. Research alternative
fuel choices, such as hydrogen fuel. Turn off lights, appliances, and
electrical equipment when not in use. Use timers for various appliances that
are used every day. Consider purchasing a hybrid vehicle. For short
distances, walk or ride a bike instead of driving your car. Plant trees in your
area. This helps absorb some of the carbon dioxide that can’t escape back
into space due to the greenhouse effect.
Conclusion

To protect the environment from the adverse effects of pollution, many

nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of
pollution as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution. Awareness
among masses, regarding the adverse effects of pollution around the world,
can also help in reducing the intensity of pollution. This awareness can be
created through various media like newspapers, television, radio, flyers,
seminars, etc. There are many efforts are begin held for environment
protection. But there is one more important thing must be cared about: we
must stop harmful to our environment actions, before taking any effort to
protect it.