NANOTECHNOLOGY

Dr. MOHAMMAD IMRAN AZIZ

Assistant Professor(Sr.)
Department of Physics,
Shibli National Post Graduate College,
Azamgarh- 276001
E-mail: aziz_muhd33@yahoo.co.in
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS

SALIENT FEATURES

APPROACH, CONCEPTS & STRUCTURE

APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSION
 Nanotechnology Is Not A New Phenomenon

The Lycurgus Cup: 4th Century A.D.

Green = Reflected Light

Red = Transmitted Light

Image of silver/gold
nanoparticle in the
Lycurgus cup

The British Museum. http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/ (March 2004)

 Nanotechnology in medieval
period( 17th centuary)
•The steel of Damascus blades, which were first encountered by the Crusaders
when fighting against Muslims, had features not found in European steels

• A characteristic wavy banding pattern known as damask, extraordinary

mechanical properties, and an exceptionally sharp cutting edge.

• Here we use high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to examine a

sample of Damascus sabre steel from the seventeenth century and find that it
contains carbon nanotubes as well as cementite nanowires.

Nature 444, 286 (16 November 2006)

“There’s Plenty of Room at the
Bottom”
(Richard Feynman’s Presentation – Dec 29, 1959)
Why Is NanoScience Popular Now

 Development of Tools – “Seeing” and

“Manipulating” at the Nano-
Nano-Level
– STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy)
– AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy)
– Other tools
 NANOTECHNOLOGY

THE
REVOLUTION
OF ENDLESS
POSSIBILITIES
NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS
BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY
TECHNOLOGY
 UNDERSTANDING SIZE

How big (small) are we talking

about?
UNDERSTANDING SIZE
1 meter
UNDERSTANDING SIZE
 10 centimeters
UNDERSTANDING SIZE
1 centimeter
UNDERSTANDING SIZE
 100 micrometers
UNDERSTANDING SIZE
 10 micrometers
UNDERSTANDING SIZE
1 micrometer
UNDERSTANDING SIZE
 100 nanometers
UNDERSTANDING SIZE
 10 nanometers
UNDERSTANDING SIZE
1 nanometer
 NANOMETER………..(nm)
 A nanometer is one billionth of a
meter (10-
(10-9 m). This is roughly ten
times the size of an individual atom.
 SO WHAT IS IT?
Nanotechnology is basically
mechanisms that have been built
by nanoscale components using
to place every atom and
molecule in a desired place
Nanofabrication: Top-
Top-Down vs.
Bottom--Up
Bottom
You could make one slice 1 nm
size and smallest size is part of
Nanostructure of bulk material
 Why Is Nanotechnology So Cool?
Bulk Gold
mp = 1064° C
Color = gold

1 nm gold particles 20 nm gold particles 100 nm gold particles

mp = 700 °C mp = ~1000 °C mp = ~1000 °C
λmax = 420 nm λmax = 521 nm λmax = 575 nm
Color = brown-yellow Color = red Color = purple-pink
 nanostructures
 Nanostructures are defined as any
material which has one or more
dimensions which are measured on the
the scale of nanometers. This definition
has been applied for structures that have
a conning dimension ranging from 600 nm
in size to structures which are only one or
two atoms in size (less than a
nanometer). These structures vary widely
in form and can consist of slabs, wires,
dots, rings, tubes,hollow spheres and
more
Nanotubes
Nanowires
Nanoslab
Nanodots
APPLICATIONS
Nanotechnology Applications
Information Technology Energy
• More efficient and cost
• Smaller, faster, more
effective technologies for
energy efficient and
energy production
powerful computing
− Solar cells
and other IT-based − Fuel cells
systems − Batteries
− Bio fuels

Medicine Consumer Goods

• Cancer treatment • Foods and beverages
−Advanced packaging materials,
• Bone treatment sensors, and lab-on-chips for
• Drug delivery food quality testing
• Appetite control • Appliances and textiles
• Drug development −Stain proof, water proof and
• Medical tools wrinkle free textiles
• Diagnostic tests • Household and cosmetics
• Imaging − Self-cleaning and scratch free
products, paints, and better
cosmetics
 CONCLUSION
 Improvements and developments in
existing products, such as stronger
and lighter materials.

 Potentialto initiate completely new

products and industries that do not
exist today
 + -
[B ][NO ]

Thank You!