it is better you to use T89C5121 micro controller instead of the

ordinary AT89C51 or 52 .T8xC5121 is a high-performance

derivative of the 80C51 single chip micro - controller. it includes a
multiprotocol Smart Card interface that is certified with dedicated
firm ware according to ISO7816, EMV2000, GIE-CB,
GSM11.12V and WHQL standards. The T89C5121 also
implements features that support terminal operation like card
detection, automatic de-activation sequence.the T89C5121is
awilable with code RAM and 16 Kbytes of in-system
programmable EEPROM. Rex

Hello Everyone.im looking to do my final year project on

automatic class attendance system using RFID.I have gone
through lot of details regarding the project but still there are
lot of things which i dont understand.Here are few:

1.Which RFID reader is most sutible for this Project?

I think the operating frequency sutiable for this project is
13.5 Mhz but i dont know which reader gives optimum
performance with minimum cost.

2.Once the reader is selected,How to connect it?..either via

RS 232 or USB and why?

3.I have read somewhere that a microntroller is required as

well..but i dont get my around that why do we need it?..why
cant we trasnmit the data directly to PC via RS232.

once these doubts are clear,i can start this project.i have 3
months to complete this project. these are the modules.

Readiung RFID tags with reader

Interfacing to PC.
Creating a database
Sending the data wirelessly to University administration..
Hi shery_mz2002 u can build ur own RFID reader using
copper wires, microcontroller etc. I think Ajay has put up a
rfid syatem in this site so pls go through itas it might help u
a bit. This is bit complicated so u can go for a RFID modules
with RFID cards which is readily available in MARKET.

Usually u get UART interface for RFID reader. which can be

directly interfaced to ur computer..if u wana go for USB u
can u the same reader with UART along with FTDI chip which
acts as a UART to USB BRIDGE.

u can directly interface RFID reader TO ur PC through UART

COM PORT. in Many Application like u hav to keep ur RFID
reader in REMOTE place at that time u cant dedicate a PC for
reading instead of dat u can u a MICRO controller with UART
interface to read the card number and transmit it to a
computer where u can maintain a database.

u can write a code in MATLAb or VB to maintain the database

of a particular student or staff like wat time they entered
,wat time they left the class r something lik dat.

it will be a great help if anyone of u clear my doubts and

gives me more detail regarding the project and how to do it
efficiently.thanks

i dont understand what is the difference between RFID

reader and RFID modules?..and which reader model will be
good for this project..

There isn't an official difference, although an "RFID reader"

will only read,
but an "RFID module" *might* be able to read and write
tags.

Members may be able to recommend a particular reader, but

the key points as I see it are:
Cost of reader.

Cost of tags.
Tags for higher security systems can be expensive if you
need a lot.

Range of reader.
Higher security systems tend to have short ranges, making it
harder to swipe a lot of
tags quickly.

Ease of use.
You want a reader that is easy to connect to and outputs a
simple code.
I expect most will be easy to use but it is worth checking as
a few have
odd interfaces.

The 125Khz systems seem to be cheaper, with better range

than the 13.5 Mhz.

How 125khz provides a better range than 13.5 mhz as i believe higher the
frequency ,higher the power and hence more range.

AND do we have to use the reader and tags of same company?..which reader
do u guys recommend me for my project.

Not necessarily. you can look for card reader which have MIFARE ICs inside.
and use any 125Khz RFID cards. when you bring card closer to reader you will
get its ID.
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/ 42
Download this Document for Free
9
Table 4.2 Pin connections of LCD Display.
EEPROM
EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
and is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power is removed. In
ATMEGA 8515, the data EEPROM and Flash program memory is readable and
writable
during normal operation (over the full VDD range). This memory is not directly
mapped in
the register file space. Instead, it is indirectly addressed through the Special
Function
Registers.
10
There are six SFRs used to read and write this memory:
1. EECON1
2. EECON2
3. EEDATA
4. EEDATH
5. EEADR
6. EEADRH
When interfacing to the data memory block, EEDATA holds the 8-bit data for
read/write and EEADR holds the address of the EEPROM location being accessed.
These devices have 128 or 256 bytes of data EEPROM (depending on the device),
with an
address range from 00h to FFh.
On devices with 128 bytes, addresses from 80h to FFh are unimplemented and
will wraparound to the beginning of data EEPROM memory. When writing to
unimplemented locations, the on-chip charge pump will be turned off. When
interfacing the
program memory block, the EEDATA and EEDATH registers form a two-byte word
that
holds the 14-bit data for read/write and the EEADR and EEADRH registers form a
two-byte
word that holds the 13-bit address of the program memory location being accessed.
These devices have 4 or 8K words of 17 programs Flash, with an address
0000h to 1FFFh for the ATMEGA 8515. Addresses above the range of the
respective device
will wraparound to the beginning of program memory.
11
CHAPTER 5
MICROCONTROLLER
5.1 INTRODUCTION
The new ATMega8515 Controller is the ideal solution for use as a standard
controller in many applications. The small compact size combined with easy program
updates
and modifications make it ideal for use in machinery and control systems, such as
alarms,
card readers, real-time monitoring applications and much more. This board is ideal
as the
brains of your robot or at the centre of your home-monitoring system. Save time and
money,
by simply building your ancillary boards and monitoring circuits around this
inexpensive and
easy to use controller.
5.2 FEATURES OF ATMEGA 8515
1. High-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-bit Microcontroller
2. RISC Architecture
a. 130 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
b. 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
c. Fully Static Operation
d. Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz
e. On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier
3. Non-volatile Program and Data Memories
a. 8K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash
b. Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
c. Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock bits
d. In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program
e. True Read-While-Write Operation
f. 512 Bytes EEPROM
g. Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles
h. 512 Bytes Internal SRAM
i. Up to 64K Bytes Optional External Memory Space
j. Programming Lock for Software Security
12
4. Peripheral Features
a. – One 8-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode
b. One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and
Capture Mode
c. Three PWM Channels
d. Programmable Serial USART
e. Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
f. Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
g. On-chip Analog Comparator
5. Special Microcontroller Features
a. Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
b. Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
c. External and Internal Interrupt Sources
d. Three Sleep Modes: Idle, Power-down and Standby
6. I/O and Packages
a. 35 Programmable I/O Lines
b. 40-pin PDIP, 44-lead TQFP, 44-lead PLCC, and 44-pad QFN/MLF
7. Operating Voltages
a. 2.7 - 5.5V for ATmega8515L
b. 4.5 - 5.5V for ATmega8515
8. Speed Grades
a. 0 - 8 MHz for ATmega8515L
b. 0 - 16 MHz for ATmega8515
13
5.3 PIN CONFIGURATION OF ATMEGA 8515
FIGURE 5.1 PIN CONFIGURATION
PIN DESCRIPTION
VCC
Digital supply voltage.
GND
Ground.
14
Port A (PA7...PA0)
Port A is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up
resistors (selected for each bit). The Port A output buffers have
symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and
source capability. When pins PA0 to PA7 are used as inputs
and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the
internal pull-up resistors are activated. The PortA pins are tri-
stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock
is not running.
Port A also serves the functions of various special features of
the ATmega8515
Port B (PB7...PB0)
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up
resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have
symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low
will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The
Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
Port B also serves the functions of various special features of
the ATmega8515.
Port C (PC7..PC0)
Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up
resistors (selected for each bit). The Port C output buffers have
symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and
source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally
pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are
activated.
The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes
active, even if the clock is not running.

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