Version 169 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53580) 1

This print-out should have 27 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on 5. 31◦ C
the next column or page – find all choices
before answering. 6. 135◦ C
Explanation:
McCord 1pm T1 = 25◦ C +273 = 298 K K2 = 2 K1
∆H = 11570 J/mol
for 0 = ax2 + bx + c
√ K2 ∆H 1

1

−b ± b2 − 4ac ln = −
x= K1 R T1 T2
2a
R K2 1 1
ln = −
∆H K1 T1 T2
 −1
001 10.0 points 1 R K2
T2 = − ln
Consider the reaction T1 ∆H K1
 −1
1 8.314
2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g) . = − ln 2
298 11570
At equilibrium at a certain temperature, the = 349.94 K = 77◦ C
concentrations of SO3 (g), SO2 (g), and O2 (g)
are 0.12 M, 0.86 M, and 0.33 M, respectively.
Calculate the value of Kc for this reaction. 003 10.0 points
Pure liquids or solids do NOT appear in the
1. 0.42 equilibrium constant expression.

2. 0.059 correct 1. True correct

3. 0.87 2. False

4. 1.31 Explanation:

5. 0.014 004 10.0 points

What is the pH of a solution containing 10−9
Explanation: M HClO4 ?
002 10.0 points 1. 6.996 correct
A certain reaction has ∆H equal to 11.57
kJ/mol. This reaction is normally run at 2. 9.000
room temperature (25◦ C). At what new tem-
perature should the reaction be run so that K 3. 5.232
is twice its value at 25◦ C?
4. 5.000
1. 65◦ C
5. 8.768
2. 94◦ C
Explanation:
◦
3. 77 C correct
005 10.0 points
4. 50 C◦
 Version 169 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53580) 2
What happens to the concentration of [NaOH] = 0.15 M VNaOH = 25.0 mL
HI(g) when the total pressure on the equi- To determine the pH of the final mixture,
librium reaction we need to determine how much H or OH is
left over after the reaction. Remember that
2 HCl(g) + I2 (s) ⇀
↽ 2 HI(g) + Cl2 (g) for complete neutralization we need H and
OH in equal molar amounts:
is increased (by compression)?
H+ + OH− → H2 O
1. decreases correct
First calculate how many moles of H+ and
2. remains the same OH− we have:

3. Unable to determine 0.026 mol HCl

? mol H+ = 0.075 L ×
1L
4. increases 1 mol H+
×
1 mol HCl
Explanation:
Increasing the total pressure on the sys- = 1.95 × 10−3 mol H+
tem by decreasing its volume will shift the 0.15 mol NaOH
equilibrium toward the side of the reaction ? mol OH− = 0.025 L ×
with fewer numbers of moles of gaseous com- 1L
1 mol OH −
ponents. If the total number of moles of ×
gas is the same on the product and reactant 1 mol NaOH
sides of the balanced chemical equation, then = 3.75 × 10−3 mol OH−
changing the pressure will have little or no ef- Now we can see that we have more OH− than
fect on the equilibrium distribution of species H+ so H+ will be consumed and OH− will be
present. left over. Let’s find out by how much:
006 10.0 points ? mol OH− = 3.75 × 10−3 − 1.95 × 10−3
If 75.0 mL of a 0.026 M HCl solution is mixed
= 1.8 × 10−3 mol OH−
with 25.0 mL of a 0.15 M NaOH solution,
what is the pH of the final mixture?
The next step is to calculate the [OH− ]:
1. 2.74 1.8 × 10−3 mol OH−
? M OH− =
0.075 L + 0.025 L
2. 1.74
= 0.018 M OH−
3. 4.15
pOH = −log[OH− ] = 1.74
4. 3.13 pH = 14 − pOH = 14 − 1.74 = 12.26

5. 10.37
007 10.0 points
6. 13.09 Consider the famous ammonia preparation

7. 12.26 correct 3 H2 (g) + N2 (g) ⇀

↽ 2 NH3(g)

The equation
8. 7.38
Explanation: [x]2
K=
[HCl] = 0.026 M VHCl = 75.0 mL [0.1 − 3x]3 [0.7 − x]
 Version 169 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53580) 3
is not a possible correct description of the
equilibrium situation because 009 10.0 points
The equilibrium constant Kp is 5.00 × 1017 at
1. [0.7 − x] in the denominator should be 25◦ C for the reaction
[0.7 − 3x].
C2 H4 (g) + H2 (g) ⇀
↽ C2 H6 (g) .
2. the denominator and numerator should From this information, calculate ∆G0 at
be inverted. 25◦ C.
3. the 0.1 and 0.7 in the denominator are 1. 101 kJ/mol
incompatible.
2. −101 kJ/mol correct
4. The equation is correct.
3. +43.9 kJ/mol
5. [x] in the numerator should be [2x]. cor-
rect 4. −996 J/mol
Explanation:
5. −517 kJ/mol
3 H2 (g) + N2 (g) ⇀↽ 2 NH3(g)
ini, M 0.1 0.7 0 6. −43.9 kJ/mol
∆, M −3x −x +2x
eq, M 0.1 − 3x 0.7 − x 2x 7. insufficient information
Explanation:
[NH3]2 Kp = 5.00 × 1017 T = 25◦ C + 273 = 298 K
K=
[H2 ]3 [N2 ]
(2x)2 ∆G0 = −R T ln K
= = (−8.314 J/mol · K)(298 K)
(0.1 − 3x)3 (0.7 − x)
× ln 5 × 1017

008 10.0 points = −1.01 × 105 J/mol

You can assume that the plain K in this prob- = −101 kJ/mol
lem is the same as Kp .
Consider the reaction
010 10.0 points
NH4 (NH2 CO2 )(s) → 2 NH3 (g) + CO2 (g) . The equilibrium constant given on this is Kc .
The equilibrium constant for thermal dis-
What is the relationship between K and sociation of F2
Kc ?
F2 (g) ⇀
↽ 2 F (g)
3
1. K = (R T ) Kc correct
is 0.300. If initially 1.00 mol F2 is placed in
a 1.00 L container, which of the following is
2. K = R T Kc
the correct number of moles of F2 that have
dissociated at equilibrium?
3. K = (R T )2 Kc
1. 0.548 mol
4. Kc = (R T )3 K
2. 0.176 mol
5. Kc = (R T )2 K
Explanation: 3. 0.239 mol correct
 Version 169 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53580) 4
M = 0.015 M pH = 2.63
4. 0.130 mol Analyzing the reaction with molarities,

5. 0.474 mol
↽ H3 O+ + NO−
HNO2 + H2 O ⇀ 2
6. 0.418 mol 0.015 − 0 0
−x − x x
7. 0.956 mol 0.015 − x − x x

8. 0.213 mol
Explanation: [H3 O+ ] = [NO−
2 ] = 10
−pH

Kc = 0.300 [F2 ]ini = 1 M = 10−2.63 = 0.00234423 mol/L .

The Ka is
F2 (g) ⇀
↽ 2 F(g)
Initial, M 1 0 [H3 O+ ][NO−
2]
Change, M −x +2 x Ka =
[HNO2 ]
Equilibrium, M 1 − x 2x
(0.00234423)2
=
0.015 − 0.00234423
= 0.000434222
[F]2
Kc =
[F2 ] and the pKa is
(2x)2 4x2
0.3 = = pKa = − log(0.000434222) = 3.36229 .
1−x 1−x
Using the quadratic equation, x = 0.239.
If you substitute x back into the equilibrium 012 10.0 points
concentration (1 − x) of F2 , you get 0.761. What is the conjugate base of ammonia?
That means that there are still 0.761 moles
of F2 at equilibrium; therefore, only 0.239 1. NH2 OH
dissociated.
2. NH+
4
011 10.0 points
The pH of 0.015 M HNO2 (nitrous acid) aque- 3. NH3
ous solution was measured to be 2.63. What
is the value of pKa of nitrous acid? 4. NH−
2 correct

1. 0.97 5. OH−
Explanation:
2. 2.90
013 10.0 points
3. 3.36 correct Calculate the pH of 0.1 M Na2 HAsO4 (aq).
pKa1 = 2.25, pKa2 = 6.77, and pKa3 = 11.6.
4. 2.63
1. None of these
5. 3.59
2. 4.51
6. 4.24
Explanation: 3. 9.63
 Version 169 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53580) 5
Q > K, therefore the reverse reaction will
4. 5.62 predominate until equilibrium is established
and equilibrium shifts to the left.
5. 9.18 correct
Explanation: 015 10.0 points
Initially the salt dissociates into two Na+ If a solution containing dissolved AgNO3 is
and HAsO2− ions. Na+ is an extremely added to a solution containing NaCl, then
4
weak acid and does not affect the equilib- AgCl precipitates (forms a solid). The reac-
rium. There are three equilibria to consider tion can be written as
for the anion but as we start with HAsO2− NaCl(aq) + AgNO3 (aq) ⇀ ↽
4 ,
the second and third dissociations are most AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)
important; we use these to calculate the pH: Remembering that NaCl(aq) and AgNO3 (aq)
are both strong electrolytes, the equilibrium
1 constant for the reaction is best described by
pH = (pKa2 + pKa3 )
2
1 1
= (6.77 + 11.6) 1. K =
2 [Na+ ]2
= 9.185 . [AgCl][Na+][NO− 3]
2. K = + +
[Na ][Cl ][Ag ][NO−
−
3]
+
[AgCl][Na ]
014 10.0 points 3. K =
Suppose the reaction [Na ][Cl−][Ag+ ][NO−
+
3]
1
A+ 3B → 2C 4. K = correct
[Cl ][Ag+ ]
−

has a value of K = 10.0 at a certain tempera- [AgCl]2 [NaNO3]

5. K =
ture. If 0.5 moles of A, 0.5 moles of B and 0.5 [NaCl][AgNO3]
moles of C are placed in a 5 L solution, the [NaNO3 ]
6. K =
reaction [NaCl][AgNO3]

1. shifts to the right. Explanation:

2. shift cannot be determined without the 016 10.0 points

temperature. Which of the following can exhibit amphoter-
ism?
3. is at equilibrium.
1. NH+
4
4. shifts to the left. correct
Explanation: 2. MnO−
4
0.5 mol
K = 10.0 [A] = [B] = [C] = 3. HCO−
5L 3 correct

[C]2 4. H3 O+
Q=
[A][B]3

0.5 mol
2 5. NO−
3
5L
=  3 Explanation:
0.5 mol 0.5 mol Of these species, only HCO− 3 can undergo
5L 5L acid- as well as base-type reactions.
= 100 > K = 10.0 as a base: HCO− 3 + HCl ↔ H2 CO3 + Cl
−
 Version 169 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53580) 6
2− +
as an acid: HCO−
3 + NH3 ↔ CO3 + NH4
5. 2.174 correct
017 10.0 points
The equilibrium constant for the reaction 6. 2.043

4 NH3(g) + 5 O2 (g) → 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) 7. 11.851

is K. Calculate the equilibrium constant for
the reaction 8. 3.533
5 Explanation:
2 NO(g) + 3 H2 O(g) → 2 NH3(g) + O2 (g) . Ka = 8.4 × 10−4 [C2 H5 OCOOH] = 0.06
2
You MUST use the quadratic formula to
1. −2 K solve this one. If you use the approximation,
your answer will be more than 5% off.
2. −K C2 H5 OCOOH + H2 O ⇀ ↽
Initial 0.06
1 Final 0.06 − x
3.
K C2 H5 OCOO− + H3 O+
1 Initial − −
4. √ correct
K Final x x
K
5. −
2 C2 H5 OCOO− H3 O+
  
Explanation: Ka =
[C2 H5 OCOOH]
x 2
018 10.0 points = = 8.4 × 10−4
Adding NH4 ClO3 to pure water would result 0.06 − x
in what kind of solution? x2 + 8.4 × 10−4 x − 5.04 × 10−5 = 0

1. acidic correct To solve the quadratic equation,

√
−b ± b2 − 4 a c
2. basic x=
2a
3. neutral Since

2
Explanation: b2 − 4 a c = −8.4 × 10−4


− 4 (1) −5.04 × 10−5
019 10.0 points
The buildup of lactic acid in muscles causes = 2.02 × 10−4 ,
pain during extreme physical exertion. The then
Ka for lactic acid (C2 H5 OCOOH) is 8.4 ×
10−4. Calculate the pH of a 0.06 M solution √
of lactic acid. (−8.4 × 10−4 ) ± 2.02 × 10−4
x=
2 (1)
1. 1.926 = (0.00669, −0.00753) ,
x = H3 O+ = 0.00669, so
 
2. 2.149
pH = − log H3 O+
 
3. 2.297
= − log(0.00669)
4. 6.348 = 2.174
 Version 169 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53580) 7
1. H2 A−
020 10.0 points
In the reaction 2. A3−
CO2−
3 + H2 O → HCO3 + OH
− −

what is the role of the bicarbonate ion? 3. H3 A

1. base 4. H3 O+

2. conjugate base 5. OH−

3. conjugate acid correct 6. HA2− correct

Explanation:
4. acid Any pH between 8 and 12 will have the
Explanation: monoprotic species as the major species.
The bicarbonate ion is HCO−3 . It is the con-
jugate acid of CO3 . The base CO23 − gains
2− 023 10.0 points
an H+ to form its conjugate acid, HCO− You should assume that the standard refer-
3.
ence state for gases is 1 bar on this problem.
021 10.0 points Consider the following decomposition reac-
The introduction of a catalyst into a reaction tion at 700 K.
mixture would 2 CaSO4 (s) → 2 CaO(s) + 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)
1. change ∆G0 of the reaction. If Kp = 0.032 at this temperature, what
will be the equilibrium overall pressure start-
2. change ∆S 0 of the reaction. ing from pure CaSO4 (s)?

3. change ∆H of the reation. 1. 0.011 bar

4. cause none of these changes. correct 2. 0.60 bar correct

5. change the value of the equilibrium con- 3. 0.20 bar

stant.
4. 0.22 bar
Explanation:
A catalyst increases the rate at which equi-
5. 0.40 bar
librium is achieved but it does not affect the
equilibrium nor the thermodynamics of the Explanation:
2
system. Kp = PSO P
2 O2
PSO2 = 2x PO2 = x
022 10.0 points 0.032 = (2x) x = 4x3
2

A 0.15 M solution of a weak triprotic acid is x = (0.032/4)1/3

adjusted (base added) so that the pH is 9.27
(you can assume minimal volume change).
The triprotic acid (H3 A) has the following
acid ionization constants: Ka1 = 1.0 × 10−3 ,
Ka2 = 1.0 × 10−8 , Ka3 = 1.0 × 10−12 . Which
species given below is present in the highest
concentration in this pH 9.27 solution?
x = 0.2 bar
Ptotal = PSO2 + PO2
Ptotal = 0.4 + 0.2 = 0.6 bar
024 10.0 points
In a sample of pure water, only one of the fol-
lowing statements is always true, at all con-
ditions of temperature and pressure. Which
 Version 169 – Exam 2 – McCord – (53580) 8
one is always true? Which of
1. [OH− ] = 1.0 × 10−7 M Acid X [HX] = 10−3 M Ka = 1.32 × 10−6
Acid Y [HY] = 10−3 M Ka = 3.47 × 10−3
2. [H3 O+ ] × [OH− ] = 1.0 is the stronger acid?

3. pH = 7.0 1. Acid Y is stronger. correct

4. pOH = 7.0 2. Acid X is stronger.

5. [H3 O+ ] = [OH− ] correct 3. I would have to know if X or Y is a strong

Explanation: acid.
The value of Kw = [H3 O][OH− ] changes
with temperature. In a neutral solution 4. They have the same strength.
[H3O+ ] always equals [OH− ]. Only when Explanation:
Kw = 1.0 × 10−14 will pH and pOH equal 7.0 Acid Y has a larger Ka value and is there-
and [H3 O+ ] and [OH− ] equal 1.0 × 10−7 M. fore stronger.

025 10.0 points 027 10.0 points

The reaction What is the [H3 O+ ] in a 0.050 M solution of
Ba(OH)2?
Br2 (g) + 3 F2 (g) ⇀
↽ 2 BrF3 (g)
1. 5.0 × 10−10 M
is exothermic in the forward direction. An
increase in the partial pressure of BrF3 in
2. 2.0 × 10−5 M
this reaction at equilibrium would be favored
by a (higher, lower) total pressure and by a
3. 1.0 × 10−13 M correct
(higher, lower) temperature.
4. 5.0 × 10−2 M
1. higher; higher
5. 1.0 × 10−5 M
2. lower; lower
6. 2.0 × 10−13 M
3. lower; higher
Explanation:
4. higher; lower correct [Ba(OH)2] = 0.050 M
Ba(OH)2 is a strong base and completely
Explanation:
ionizes in aqueous solution.
LeChatelier’s Principle states that if a
Ba(OH)2 → Ba2+ + 2 OH−
change in conditions occurs to a system at
ini, M 0.05 0 0
equilibrium, the system responds to relieve
∆, M −0.05 +0.05 +2(0.05)
the stress and reach a new state of equilib-
fin, M 0 0.05 0.10
rium. There is more gas on the reactant side
of the reaction equation, so adding pressure [OH ] = 0.10 = 1.0 × 10 M
− −1

will cause the reaction to move to the right.

Kw = [H3 O+ ][OH− ] = 1 × 10−14
The reaction is exothermic; it releases heat.
Heat is a product of the reaction. Decreasing Kw
[H3 O+ ] =
temperature will cause the reaction to move [OH− ]
to the right. 1.0 × 10−14
= = 1.0 × 10−13 M
1.0 × 10−1
026 10.0 points