Kapitel 3: Chemische Bindung in Festkörpern

Radiale Wellenfunktionen: Wasserstoffatom

Orbitale
Radiale Wellefunktionen
Interaktive Orbitalmodelle und Gittermodelle

https://www.chemtube3d.com/
Vom Atom zum Festkörper (H2+ und H2 Molekül)
Elektron-Energie Elektron-Energie
+ Coulombabstossung Kerne

aus http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/
hbase/molecule/hmol.html
 Vom Atom zum Festkörper (H2+ Molekül)

aus https://tomasbzdusek.wordpress.com/tag/bond/
Gerichtete Bindung
 sp3 Hybridisierung

Diamantstruktur Zinkblende-Struktur
sp2 Hybridisierung

Beispiele: Graphit/Graphene, Bohrnitrid

 Ionische Bindung

sodium (on the left) loses its

one valence electron to
chlorine (on the right)

a positively charged sodium ion

(left) and a negatively charged
chlorine ion (right).
Ionische Bindung: Abstand
Berechnung der Madelung-Konstante
Ionenradien
Atomradien
 “Freie” Elektronen in einem Metall

Metallionen Elektronen
(statisch) (beweglich)
Wasserstoffbrücken in Wasser und Eis
 Wasserstoffbrücken in DNA

DNA Doppelhelix
Bindung von Basenpaaren
 Graphitstruktur
Graphitstruktur

Diamantstruktur
van der Waals Materialien
Pyrolytischer Graphit schwebt im starken Magnetfeld

©2011 Peter Märki

 Vergleich Nichtmetalle – Metalle
Nonmetals
Usually have 1-3 electrons in their outer shell.
Lose their valence electrons easily.
Form oxides that are basic.
Are good reducing agents.
Have lower electro negativities.
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle - if a solid.
Nonductile.
Do not possess metallic luster.
Transparent as a thin sheet.
Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature.
Metals
Usually have 4-8 electrons in their outer shell.
Gain or share valence electrons easily.
Form oxides that are acidic.
Are good oxidizing agents.
Have higher electron egativities.
Good electrical conductors and heat conductors..
Malleable - can be beaten into thin sheets.
Ductile - can be stretched into wire.
Possess metallic luster.
Opaque as thin sheet.
Solid at room temperature (except Hg).