‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﺣﻮ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬

‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ و ﺣﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺪد اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

−3x 6 + 2 x 2 + 1 2 x5 + 3 x3 + x 4 3 2
lim ‫و‬ lim ‫ و‬lim − 2 x + 3 x + x − 1 ‫ و‬lim 3 + x − 3x
3 5
x→−∞ x + 3x − 1 x→+∞ −5 x + 2 x − 1 x→−∞ x →2

−2 x + 1 −2 x + 1 2 x2 − 5x + 3 7 x4 + x2 + 1
lim ‫و‬ lim ‫و‬ lim ‫و‬ lim ‫و‬
x→2+ x2 − x − 2 x→1+ x 2 − 3x + 2 x→1 x2 + 2x − 3 x→+∞ − x8 − 2 x − 1
2x −1 −1 −2 x + 1
‫و‬ lim x 2 + x + x ‫ و‬lim x 2 + x − x ‫ و‬lim ‫و‬ lim ‫و‬
x→−∞ x→+∞ x→1 x −1 x →2− x2 − x − 2
x +1 −1 1 sin 5 x x+ x + x x
lim ‫ و‬lim ‫و‬ lim ‫ و‬li m ‫و‬ lim
x→0 tan x x→
π tan 2 x + 2 x →0 sin x x →+ ∞ x +1 x→+∞ x − 2 x +1
2

cos x cos3 x − cos x

lim ‫و‬ lim ‫و‬
π + 1 − sin x x→0 sin 3 x + sin x
x→
2

‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬
‫ﻧﺤﺪد اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬

lim − 2 x 4 + 3x3 + x − 1 = lim − 2 x 4 = −∞ lim 3 + x − 3x 2 = −7 *

x→−∞ x→−∞ x→2

2 x5 + 3 x3 + x 2 x5 2
lim 5
= lim 5
=− *
x→+∞ −5 x + 2 x − 1 x→+∞ −5 x 5
−3 x 6 + 2 x 2 + 1 −3 x 6
lim 3
= lim 3
= lim − 3x3 = +∞ *
x→−∞ x + 3x − 1 x→−∞ x x→−∞

7 x4 + x2 + 1 7 x4 −7
lim = lim = lim =0 *
x→+∞ − x8 − 2 x − 1 x→+∞ − x8 x→+∞ x4
2 x2 − 5x + 3 ( x − 1)( 2 x − 3) 2x − 3 1
lim = lim = lim =− *
x→1 x2 + 2 x − 3 x→1 ( x − 1)( x + 3 ) x→1 x + 3 4

−2 x + 1
lim 2
‫* ﻧﺤﺪد‬
x→1 +
x − 3x + 2
x −∞ 1 2 +∞

x 2 − 3x + 2 + 0 - 0 +

−2 x + 1
lim 2
= +∞ ‫ وﻣﻨﻪ‬lim − 2 x + 1 = −1 lim x 2 − 3 x + 2 = 0−
x→1+ x − 3x + 2 x→1+ x→1+
 lim − 2 x + 1 = −3 ‫ و‬lim x 2 − x − 2 = 0 ‫* ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
x→2 x →2

x −∞ -1 2 +∞

x2 − x − 2 + 0 - 0 +

lim x 2 − x − 2 = 0− ‫و‬ lim x 2 − x − 2 = 0+ ‫وﻣﻨﻪ‬

−
x →2 x →2+
−2 x + 1 −2 x + 1
lim = −∞ ; lim = +∞ ‫إذن‬
x →2 + x2 − x − 2 x →2− x2 − x − 2
2x −1 −1 2x − 2 2
lim = lim = lim =1 *
x →1 x −1 x →1 ( x − 1)
(
2 x − 1 + 1 x→1 ) ( 2x −1 + 1 )
x x x
lim x 2 + x − x = lim = lim = lim ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ *
x→+∞ x→+∞ x→+∞ x→+∞ 1
x2 + x + x  1
2
x 1 +  + x x 1+ + x
 x x

x = x ‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ وﻣﻨﻪ‬x ‫ ﻓﺎن‬+∞ ‫ ﺗﺆول إﻟﻰ‬x ‫و ﺣﻴﺚ‬

x 1 1
lim x 2 + x − x = lim = lim = ‫وﻣﻨﻪ‬
x→+∞ x→+∞  1  x→+∞ 1 2
x  1 + + 1 1+ +1
 x  x

x x x
lim x 2 + x + x = lim = lim = lim *
x→−∞ x→−∞ 2
x +x−x x→−∞  1 x→−∞ 1
x 2 1 +  − x x 1+ − x
 x x

x = − x ‫ ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ وﻣﻨﻪ‬x ‫ ﻓﺎن‬−∞ ‫ ﺗﺆول إﻟﻰ‬x ‫و ﺣﻴﺚ‬

x 1 1
lim x 2 + x + x = lim = lim =− ‫إذن‬
x→−∞ x→−∞ 1 x→−∞ 1 2
−x 1+ −x − 1+ −1
x x
x x x
lim = lim = lim *
x→+∞ x − 2 x +1 x→+∞ 1 1  x→+∞ 1 1
2
x−2 x  + 2  x−2 x +
x x  x x2

x = x ‫ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺔ وﻣﻨﻪ‬x ‫ ﻓﺎن‬+∞ ‫ ﺗﺆول إﻟﻰ‬x ‫و ﺣﻴﺚ‬

x x 1
lim = lim = lim =1
x→+∞ x − 2 x +1 x→+∞  1 1  x→+∞ 1 1
x 1 − 2 +  1− 2 +
 x x 2  x x2

 1   1  1
x 1 + + x x  1 + + 1 1+ +1
x+ x + x  x  x  x
lim = lim = lim = lim =2 *
x→+∞ x +1 x→+∞ x +1 x→+∞ 1 x→+∞ 1
x 1+ 1+
x x
 sin 5 x x sin 5 x
lim = lim × ×5 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ *
x→0 sin x x→0 sin x 5x
x sin x
lim = 1 ‫ وﻣﻨﻪ‬lim = 1 ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن‬
x→0 sin x x →0 x
sin 5 x sin 5 x
lim = 1× 1× 5 = 5 ‫ ﻓﺎن‬lim = 1 ‫و ﺣﻴﺚ‬
x→0 sin x x →0 5 x

1
lim 2
= 0 ‫وﻣﻨﻪ‬ lim tan 2 x = +∞ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬ *
π tan x + 2 π
x→ x→
2 2

x +1 −1 x 1
lim = lim × *
x→0 tan x x→0 tan x x +1 +1
x tan x
lim = 1 ‫ وﻣﻨﻪ‬lim = 1 ‫ﻧﻌﻠﻢ أن‬
x→0 tan x x→0 x
x +1 −1 1 1
lim = 1 × = ‫ إذن‬lim x + 1 + 1 = 2 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
x→0 tan x 2 2 x →0
cos 3 x − cos x −2sin 2 x ⋅ sin x
lim = lim = lim − tan x = 0 *
x→0 sin 3 x + sin x x→0 2sin 2 x ⋅ cos x x →0
cos x (1 + sin x ) cos x 1 + sin x
lim = lim = lim = ‫* ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
π + 1 − sin x π+ 1 − sin 2 x + cos x
π
x→ x→ x→
2 2 2
 π
∀x ∈  −π ;  cos x ≺ 0 ‫ ﻷن‬lim cos x = 0− ‫ و‬lim 1 + sin x = 2 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
 2 π+ π+
x→ x→
2 2
cos x 1 + sin x
lim = lim = −∞ ‫وﻣﻨﻪ‬
+ 1 − sin x + cos x
π π
x→ x→
2 2
2‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬
1
lim x sin = 0 ‫ﺑﻴﻦ أن‬
x →0 x
‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬

* 1 * 1
∀x ∈ x sin ≤ x ‫∀ وﻣﻨﻪ‬x ∈ −1 ≤ sin ≤1 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
x x
1
lim x sin = 0 ‫ ﻓﺎن‬lim x = 0 ‫و ﺣﻴﺚ أن‬
x →0 x x →0

3‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬

2 − cos x − 1
g ( x) = ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬x ‫داﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﺪدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ g ‫ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
x2
lim g ( x ) ‫ ﺣﺪد‬-1
x →0

1
lim g ( x ) ‫و اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬ ∀x ∈ *
g ( x) ≤ ‫ ﺑﻴﻦ أن‬-3
x →+∞ x2
 ‫اﻟﺠﻮاب‬
lim g ( x ) ‫ ﻧﺤﺪد‬-1
x →0

2 − cos x − 1 1 − cos x 1
lim g ( x ) = lim 2
= lim 2
×
x→0 x →0 x x→0 x 2 − cos x + 1
1 1
lim = ‫ وﻣﻨﻪ‬lim 2 − cos x = 1 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
x →0 2 − cos x + 1 2 x→0

1 1 1 1 − cos x 1
lim g ( x ) = × = ‫ ﻓﺎن‬lim = ‫وﺣﻴﺚ‬
x→0 2 2 4 x→0 x2 2
1
∀x ∈ *
g ( x) ≤ ‫ ﻧﺒﻴﻦ أن‬-2
x2
*
∀x ∈ −1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1 ⇔ 1 ≤ 2 − cos x ≤ 3 ⇔ 0 ≤ 2 − cos x − 1 ≤ 3 − 1 ≺ 1
2 − cos x − 1 2 − cos x − 1
∀x ∈ *
g ( x) = 2
=
x x2
* 2 − cos x − 1 1
∀x ∈ 0≤ ≺ ‫∀ و ﻣﻨﻪ‬x ∈ * 0 ≤ 2 − cos x − 1 ≺ 1 ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
2 2
x x
1
∀x ∈ *
g ( x) ≤ ‫إذن‬
x2
lim g ( x ) ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
x →+∞

1 1
lim g ( x ) = 0 ‫و ﻣﻨﻪ‬ lim 2
= 0 ‫∀ و‬x ∈ *
g ( x) ≤ ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ‬
x →+∞ x→+∞ x x2