CAT Safety Booklet 2008-2009

cat cover impo 8/8/07 8:42 AM Page 1
Handbo
C.A.T. Group
issue number 1. 2008
C.A.T. Group
Issue number 2, 2008
Construction
SPEED
KILLS.
DRIVE
SAFELY Handbook
www.catgroup.net
Cat Booklet Inside 48P 7/12/07 9:40 AM Page 1
2008/2009
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INTRODUCTION
C.A.T. Management have made a clear commitment to Occupational

Health and Safety by formulating, implementing, continually reviewing
and improving its Occupational Health and Safety Management System
in accordance with OHSAS 18001.
The cornerstones of the system are Occupational Health and Safety
Policy. Objectives and Manual. These documents are supported by
OHS Procedures which are applicable to all projects and locations.
Documentation has been developed and distributed and controls
implemented with the prime objective of avoiding all foreseeable
accidents and incidents. Every Project and Support location works in
accordance with specific documented procedures and it is in every
employee’s best interests to ensure they are familiar with specific
controls, rules and requirements pertaining to their specific
work location.
Project and Location specific Health and Safety Instructions are
formulated in an effort to cover all identifiable eventualities and foster
a proactive approach to Health and safety with the primary objective of
avoiding accidents and incidents.
No Management System can achieve its objectives without the
involvement and total commitment of all personnel therefore we have
developed this Health and Safety Handbook to assist and guide all
personnel in ensuring basic rules are complied with and common
sense prevails.
This Handbook is not intended to cover every subject in minute detail;
it is intended to guide personnel in identifying possible hazards and
risks, assisting in the evaluation of these hazards and risks and advising
basic actions to avoid unsafe conditions and situations.
This booklet is for the use of all personnel who work in the C.A.T.
Group, staff and sub-contractors. If you are uncertain after reading any
part of this document and wish further clarification, check with your
Supervisor, or your HSE Officer.
The booklet should be used as reference, as you go about your daily work.
Keep it with you at all times.
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INDEX OF CONTENTS
1. Responsibility.
2. Rules of Conduct.
3. Insubordination.
4. Clothing and Safety Equipment.
5. Personal Protective Equipment.
6. Safety Meetings and Information.
7. Reporting Unsafe and Hazardous Conditions.
8. Reporting Injuries, Illness, Property and
Equipment Damage.
9. Accidents and Incidents.
10. Emergency Preparedness Procedures.
11. Camp Safety.
12. Office Safety.
13. Housekeeping.
14. Spills and Waste Disposal.
15. First Aid.
16. Vehicle Safety and Desert Driving.
17. Fire Prevention and Protection.
18. Fire Fighting Equipment.
19. Electricity.
20. Noise.
21. Pressurized Systems.
22. Pressure Testing.
23. Scaffolds, Ladders and Working at Height.
24. Work Permits.
25. Safety Signs and Notices.
26. Rigging and Lifting.
27. Manual Handling.
28. Hand and Portable Tools.
29. Hydrogen Sulphide.
30. Radioactive Substances.
31. Painting and Abrasive Blasting.
32. Welding and Cutting.
33. Confined Spaces.
34. Chemicals.
35. Excavations.
36. Machinery and Powered Plant.
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1. Responsibility
Every Employee is responsible for his/her Safety and for the Safety
of others working with and/or around them.
Do nothing to endanger yourself or others.

Everyone has a responsibility to work safely. The higher you are in the
Organisation the greater the responsibility and accountability.
Employee and sub-contractor alike, at all levels, must not put
themselves or others at risk.
MANAGEMENT
Management has the responsibility for the provision of funds and
personnel to ensure an effective Loss Prevention Programme to be
conducted and Carries the ultimate responsibility for all unsafe acts
and conditions.
PROJECT & CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS

Are responsible for setting the standards, against which conditions are
measured and to lead by example. They are responsible for the overall
safety of all persons working in their area of control.
SUPERINTENDENTS AND FOREMEN

Responsible within their own areas, for instituting safe working
practices and providing the conditions that allow safe working as a
minimum to the standard laid down in the C.A.T. HSE Management
System. Also responsible in ensuring the training and instruction of
personnel necessary to ensure all personnel are aware of Hazards,
Risks and Emergency Response Provisions.
ALL PERSONNEL
Should ensure they are constantly aware of all the rules for working
safely, carry out instructions properly, to be aware at all times what is
happening nearby, trying to identify hazards, and if there is any doubt
about a situation to ask!
2. Rules of Conduct
Promptly Report all unsafe or unhealthy situations in order that

preventive actions can be taken.
Safety is a state of mind whereby all employees should be constantly
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aware of the dangers of accident or injury at all times.

All personnel shall take care in their actions or inactions to minimize
the occurrence of incidents that may result in injury to persons or
damage to equipment and/or facilities.
The 6 steps of Safety Programme:

1. Make sure you have clearance to commence work on that
workplace with the equipment needed.
2. Check your workplace every day before starting activities.
3. Make sure that tools and equipment in your working place are in a
safe condition.
4. Work safely and defensively.
5. You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of all
persons that may be affected by your actions or inactions.
6. Working safely should be a reflex action. This should be observed
and be remembered even without being asked to do it.
In all cases where productivity needs to be increased, your safety effort

shall be increased to suit changing requirements.
It is your responsibility to protect yourself and be aware of your
workmates’ actions. If someone is working in an unsafe manner, stop
him and explain the possible injury/accident that his actions may lead
to, be concerned with one another to ensure the safety of everyone.
If in doubt on any Safety issue consult with your direct Supervisor
or the assigned Safety Officer.
All employees shall follow the below listed rules:

1. Practical jokes, horseplay, wrestling or fighting is not permitted.
2. Tampering with Safety devices, signs, tools & equipment
is prohibited.
3. Willfully or unnecessarily discharging fire extinguishers
is prohibited.
4. Resting on, under or around Heavy Equipment is prohibited.
5. Sleeping and lounging around in any Work Area is prohibited.
6. Employees shall report for work in a fit and proper condition to
perform their job. No employee shall enter the work-site under the
influence of alcohol or drugs. Use of such items in the work-site
shall be cause for immediate dismissal and the offender(s) being
subjected to applicable Government Laws.
7. Smoking within areas posted with "No Smoking" signs
is prohibited.
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3. Insubordination
As a condition of continued employment you are required to carry out

reasonable instructions from supervisors. Insubordination in respect of
non compliance with any reasonable verbal or written instructions or
directives issued by Management or supervisory personnel shall be
sufficient cause of initiating disciplinary action in accordance with
established Company Procedures. If you believe that an instruction
would put you or others at risk then you should state this fact.
4. Clothing and Safety Equipment
All employees shall wear clothing suitable for the prevailing weather
and anticipated working conditions. The minimum requirement for site
work shall be a long sleeve shirt, long trousers, safety helmet, safety
gloves, and protective footwear with steel toecap. Working without
shirt and/or in short pants, is prohibited.
Loose clothing, jewelry and unnecessary objects of clothing shall not
be worn where it might be entangled with rotating equipment or may
lead to accident or hazard.
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
When you are at work, some of the

operations you carry out may involve the
use of potentially harmful materials or
risk of injury. If this is the case you will
almost certainly be required to wear
protective clothing and equipment.
When working under permit to work this
will be specified on the permit sheet and
must be worn as specified.
Personal protective clothing and
equipment will be issued to each
employee dependant upon the
particular work/task he is required to perform.
Every employee is required to use the personal protective
c l ot h i n g a n d e qu i p me n t i s s u e d t o h i m a n d t o ma i nt a i n i t
i n g o o d condition.
Loose and torn clothing, sandals or tennis shoes are prohibited on
work areas.
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6. Safety Meetings and Information
Safety Meetings
Safety meetings shall be held on site at least weekly and shall be
conducted by your Supervisor, Foreman or Safety Engineer. Meetings
are arranged to provide you with safety information regarding your
particular work tasks. All employees shall actively participate in Daily
Tool-box Meetings and r a i s e a n y r e l e v a n t q u es t i o n s a b o u t
h e a l t h a n d s af e t y i s s u es a n d concerns.
These meetings are solely intended for safety matters and will not be
used to discuss other work problems or general grievances.
The system of communicating Health and Safety issues and
concerns is for the benefit of everyone and management
encourage you to use it.
Safety Information
Safety news bulletins on general items of interest are regularly posted
on site notice boards to provide all employees with relevant up to date
safety information.
Safety Topics
A weekly safety topic will be highlighted at sites to draw all employees’
attention to a particular trend that may be resulting in accidents and/or
damage to property, vehicles or equipment. The aim of the weekly
topic is to ensure that employees are aware of a particular hazard and
to reduce or eliminate the number of accidents or occurrences arising
from this type of hazard. All employees are required to provide their full
cooperation to achieve this aim.
7. Reporting Unsafe and Hazardous Conditions
Reporting of Incidents including Near Misses and

the Corrective/Preventive Actions taken thereafter
are integral elements of improving s a f e t y
performance and protecting our workforce.
Therefore all employees shall immediately report
any Near Misses, unsafe acts, incidents and/or
accidents they observe to their Supervisor or
relevant Safety Personnel in order that corrective action can be
taken to prevent recurrence.
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All Near Miss Incidents shall be reported in order that a proactive action
may be taken to avoid future more serious occurrences. A Near Miss is
an incident that does not result in personal injury or damage to
property however a Near Miss is the least costly incident where the
most can be learned and prevention of more serious incidents can be
actioned therefore these incidents when correctly reported can
contribute to providing a safe workplace for all personnel.
Situations where an imminent risk of incident is present must be
reported immediately to the first supervisor or foreman that the
employee can locate. (Situations could include the discovery of buried
services, Leaks on pressure retaining systems, spillages of harmful
materials, gas escapes). When warranted employees must stop all
work and clear the site to avoid accident or damage to property.
Accidents can cause immense suffering and result in a cost both to the
individual and Company. We wish you to help reduce them. If you see
a hazard, an incident or accident, report it to your Supervisor. Your
action may prevent future injuries.
Data is gathered on a regular basis with regard to type and frequency
of incidents and near misses in order to evaluate causes and in an
effort to totally eliminate or reduce future occurrence.
8. Reporting Injuries, Illnesses, Property and

Equipment Damage
All injuries and personal illness shall be reported to ensure that proper
a n d a de q u a t e me d i c a l a t t e n t i o n i s ob t a i n e d a n d t h a t a l l
accidents/incidents are investigated.
All accidents that result in injury to any employee, subcontractor,
private vehicle drivers, passengers, pedestrians or site visitors shall be
immediately reported.
First give an oral report to your Supervisor, who will, with you, produce
a written report as soon as possible after the event. This report is
submitted to HSE Officer for follow up action to prevent a recurrence.
In the case of an injury when the person is sent to hospital, the hospital
staff will issue an additional report, send it to HSE department. The
Supervisor will be approached later by Safety Representative.
All accidents that result in damage to any vehicle, plant, equipment or
property shall be immediately reported.
Whenever possible THE SITE OF AN ACCIDENT SHALL NOT BE
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DISTURBED, damaged vehicles, equipment and other property

shall be left undisturbed at the scene of the incident until the
accident investigation is completed.
Note: Injured personnel may need to receive immediate medical
attention and or be moved to avoid further incident. Should injured
persons need to be moved this shall only be done under supervision
of qualified First Aid/Medical personnel unless injured persons are in
immediate danger of additional injury.
9. Accidents and Incidents
In the event of a serious accident on site, where you are not directly
involved in assisting the injured, or in the rescue team, it is essential
that you keep clear of the accident area and access routes to enable
essential personnel to reach the injured as soon as possible. You must
obey all instructions from your Supervisor, Safety Officer or Client
Representative and avoid the temptation to become an unwanted
sightseer or Additional Casualty.
10. Emergency Preparedness Procedures
It is the responsibility of every employee to

familiarize himself with the Emergency Preparedness
Procedures that apply to their work location. You will
receive instructions from the Site Safety Department
and your Supervisor on what actions to take should
an emergency occur. Do not be afraid of asking
questions if you are uncertain, it may eventually save your life and
possible the lives of your fellow employees.
When you are assigned to a new work location and are not sure of the
Emergency Measures pertaining to the location you should ask your
immediate supervisor.
When working inside a controlled area such as Client Plant Facilities all
instructions regarding Safety and Emergencies given by Client
Operations personnel shall be followed.
Action to be taken in an emergency situation:

When an emergency condition exists or on hearing stop work alarm.
Every employee must ensure they:
• Stop all work at once.
• Shut down or de-energized all equipment.
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• Evacuate all personnel to a pre-determined point (Assembly

Area).
• At no time return to the workplace for any reason until informed
by Supervisor, Safety Officer or Client Representative that it is
safe to do so.
• Do not attempt to fight any fires unless you are specifically
trained and delegated as a firefighter.
11. Camp Safety
Accommodation units and camps pose specific

hazards and Risks and extra care must be
taken to ensure that all personnel are safe.
In the interest of ensuring a high level of safety
in accommodation units on camps the following rules shall be adhered to:
• All personnel are responsible to ensure that their rooms and
adjoining facilities are kept clean, organized and free from
Hazards and Risks.
• Personnel shall report all hazardous situations to the Camp-boss
or Safety Officer such as defective electrical equipment, fire
hazards, sightings of vermin and other situations that may pose
a risk to themselves or other residents.
• Cooking is strictly forbidden in any rooms and/or closed areas.
• The use of open flames such as Gas Rings, Spirit Stoves or
Charcoal Fires is strictly forbidden for any purpose inside any
camp facility including common kitchenettes. (Company
designated kitchens are exempted).
• The preparation of coffee, tea etc is allowed using electric
heaters however care must be taken with electric rings and they
shall be placed upon a steel plate to protect tables/worktops.
• All vehicles shall be parked safely and Speed limits shall be
strictly observed.
• Personnel shall respect others and refrain from causing excessive
noise or disturbance.
Personnel found in contravention of the above will be subject to
Company Disciplinary Procedures.
12. Office Safety
It may seem that offices are safe areas. They are if personnel follow
sensible rules. Accidents have and will happen if precautions
are not taken.
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DO:
Keep desks tidy and drawers shut if not in use.
Fill the bottom drawers of filing cabinets first and only open
one drawer at a time.
Report any defects in office equipment to your head of
department.
Follow the operating instructions when operating office machinery.
Ensure the VDU screens are free from glare and you are sitting correctly
at your desk. If in doubt discuss this with your supervisor.
Leave the building when you hear the office fire alarm. Find out where
you should go. (Be aware of Emergency Response Provisions).
DO NOT:
Climb on chairs to get to the high shelves or the top of cupboards. Use
step ladder.
Store heavy objects on the top shelf.
Keep food on shelves or in desk drawers. Use the refrigerators or an
approved larder.
Put cups or glasses on top of electronic equipment. It might get
knocked over.
Wedge open or obstruct fire doors or exits.
Misuse or try to repair office machinery, leave it to the experts.
13. Housekeeping
A well maintained and tidy workplace decreases the

risk of accidents, injuries and fire. Waste materials
and rubbish are a fire and accident hazard. So is
leaving equipment and cables lying around after use. A place for
everything and everything in place should be the way.
Waste materials should not be permitted to accumulate. All waste
should be placed in approved waste containers as work progresses
and in all cases at the end of each shift.
In food serving/eating areas, all rubbish and waste food shall be placed
in containers located in the area for the purpose. Containers containing
food items shall be emptied as regular as possible to avoid
pest infestation.
Always ensure that covers are replaced on waste containers after use
to prevent pests and insects being attracted to the area.
In all storage and site locations aisles, walkways and access ways shall
be kept clear of loose or surplus materials or equipment at all times.
Do not place materials or equipment against walls or fences of storage
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areas, a gap of at least 1 meter must be left between the material and
the wall or fence.
Do not Allow electric cables or welding hoses straggle about the work
place, someone will trip over them sooner or later. If they are to be
there for some time fasten them in air at convenient points, Cover
them with a guard or route them close to a wall.
Make sure you remove nails from timber before discarding the wood.
This hazard has caused many foot injuries in the past.
14. Spills and Waste Disposal
Spills should be avoided wherever possible and when

they do occur, be cleaned up as quickly as possible.
C r u d e oi l i s i nv a s i v e i n t o t he e ar t h a n d c a n
contaminate a considerable area if left long periods.
Recovered crude should either be returned to the
process or stored at client approved site for future
disposal. No waste materials will be left in the desert or on operational
sites. The materials must be gathered in an appropriate container and
returned to store for re-use or dumped in client approved site.
When material spills are discovered the immediate action shall be to
either to completely cleanup the area, surround the spill with a barrier
or cover the spill with sand, soil or sawdust to avoid anyone slipping
and causing injury.
Where waste is accumulated regularly, arrangements must be made for
waste containers.
DO:
Leave the site in the same/or better condition as it was w h e n y o u
a r r i v ed . R e g ul a r p i c k u p a l l y ou r w a s t e materials.
DO NOT:
NEVER put your waste into an unapproved pit. Covering over of
rubbish is forbidden.
NEVER transport waste materials or sand etc. without a cover or net
over the load to stop others receiving it uninvited.
15. First Aid
FIRST AID is available to all personnel

All personnel treated from the first aid box must be
reported to Project HSE Officer.
Make sure you know where the first aid box in your area and who is
designated First Aid Attendant.
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If you feel ill during working hours, report it to your Supervisor in order
to seek medical help.
In particular you should seek immediate aid if you:

• Develop any unusual problems, such as a skin rash, dermatitis etc.
• Are splashed with a chemical (First wash affected parts by
quantities of cool water).
• Feel unwell when working with chemicals (Immediately move to
fresh air).
First Aid Training
Designated employees shall be given instruction on basic first aid by
the site Safety/Medical staff.
Medical tips may also be published on a regular basis and posted at
Bulletin Boards.
First aid demonstrations may also be introduced on a regular basis by
the site nurse.
Basic First Aid Tips
The initial minutes after an injury or medical crisis frequently are the
most important. The key is in knowing what to do, remaining calm, and
making a decision to act. Every medical emergency can be handled if
you just stay calm and do not panic.
Some tips on dealing with specific injuries are as follows however if

there is a trained person available they should take the lead in
administering first aid and other staff should stay clear unless
asked for assistance.
Severe Bleeding
To stop serious bleeding, follow these steps:

Lay the affected person down. If possible, the
person’s head should be slightly lower than the
trunk of his body or the legs should be elevated. This position increases
blood flow to the brain. Elevate the site of the bleeding if possible this
should reduce the blood flow to the injured area and reduce bleeding.
Do not attempt to clean the wound.

Apply steady, firm pressure directly to the wound using a sterile
bandage, a clean cloth, or your hand. Maintain pressure until the
bleeding stops, then wrap the wound with a tight dressing and secure
it with adhesive tape. Most bleeding can be controlled this way.
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Call for emergency help immediately.

Make sure you are aware of Emergency Contact
Numbers.
If the bleeding continues and seeps through the

bandage, add more absorbent material. Do not remove
the first.
If the bleeding does not stop, apply pressure to the major artery that
delivers blood to the area of the injury.
When the bleeding has stopped, immobilize the injured portion of the
body. You can use another part of the body, such as a leg or torso, to
immobilize the area. Leave the bandages in place and take the person
for immediate medical attention or call for emergency help.
Burns
Follow these steps when treating minor burns:

I f t he s k i n i s n ot b r o k e n , r u n c o ol w a t e r
o v e r t h e b u r n f o r several minutes.
Cover (But do not wrap) the burn with a sterile bandage or clean cloth.
Seek emergency treatment immediately for major burns. Until an
emergency unit arrives, follow these steps:
Remove the person from the source of the burn (fire, electrical
current, etc.).
If the person is not breathing, and you are trained begin mouth-to-
mouth resuscitation immediately.
Remove all smoldering clothing to stop further burning.
If the person is breathing sufficiently, cover the burned area with a
cool, moist, sterile bandage or clean cloth. Do place any creams,
ointments or ice on the burned area or break blisters.
Electrical Injuries
Everyone experiences minor electrical shocks from time

to time. In some cases, however, even small amounts of
electricity can be life-threatening because they can produce
unconsciousness, cardiac arrest, and cessation of breathing. Electrical
shocks also can produce serious, deep burns and tissue injury,
although often even a serious electrical burn appears as only a minor
mark on the skin. If you find a person whom you think has been
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electrocuted, look first-do not touch. He or she may still be in contact

with the electrical source, and touching him or her may only pass the
current through you.
If possible, turn off the source of electricity. If this is not possible, move
the source away from you and the affected person using a non-
conducting object made of dry wood/cardboard or plastic, or wood.
Once the person is free of the source of electricity, check the person’s
breathing and pulse. If either has stopped or seems dangerously slow
or shallow, initiate resuscitation immediately if you are trained to do
so. If the person is faint or pale or shows other signs of shock (see
Recognizing and Treating Shock), lay the person down with the head
slightly lower than the trunk of his or her body and the legs elevated.
Treat any major burns (see Treating Burns) and wait for emergency
medical assistance to arrive.
Heat Related Emergencies
Heat exhaustion occurs when your heart and

vascular system do not respond properly to high
temperatures. The symptoms of heat exhaustion
resemble shock and include faintness, rapid
heartbeat, low blood pressure, an ashen
appearance, cold clammy skin, and nausea. If you
suspect heat exhaustion, get the person out of the sun and into a cool
spot. Lay the person down and elevate his or her feet slightly. Loosen
or remove most or all of the person’s clothing. Give the person cold
(not iced) water to drink.
The main indication of heat stroke is a fever of 105 degrees Fahrenheit

with hot, dry skin. Other signs include rapid heartbeat, rapid and
shallow breathing, either elevated or lowered blood pressure, and
confusion or unconsciousness. If you suspect heat stroke, get the
person out of the sun and into a cool spot. Cool the person by covering
him or her with damp sheets or spraying with water.
Direct air onto the person with a fan or a newspaper, and monitor the
person’s temperature with a thermometer. Stop cooling the person
when his or her temperature returns to normal. If breathing ceases,
start mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if you are trained to do so. Heat
stroke is an emergency that needs immediate medical attention.
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Shock
A variety of symptoms appear in a person experiencing shock:

The skin may appear pale or grey, and is cool and clammy to the touch.
The heartbeat is weak and rapid, and breathing is slow and shallow.
The blood pressure is reduced.
The eyes lack shine and seem to stare. Sometimes the pupils
are dilated.
The person may be conscious or unconscious. If conscious, the person
may faint or be very weak or confused. On the other hand, shock
sometimes causes a person to become overly excited and anxious.
Even if a person seems normal after an injury, take precautions and
treat the person for shock by following these steps:
Get the person to lie down on his or her back and elevate the feet
h i g h e r t ha n t h e p e r s o n ’ s h e a d. K ee p t he p e r s o n f r om
moving unnecessarily.
Keep the person warm and comfortable. Loosen tight clothing and
cover the person with a blanket. Do not give the person anything
to drink.
If the person is vomiting or bleeding from the mouth, place the person
on his or her side to prevent choking.
Treat any injuries appropriately (bleeding, broken bones, etc.).
Summon emergency medical assistance immediately.
16. Vehicle Safety and Desert Driving
Drivers of company vehicles shall have current, valid Government

license for the class of vehicle being driven.
Every driver shall familiarize himself with and comply with all
Government traffic regulations.
SPEED KILLS
There are no acceptable excuses for Speeding.
If you observe any company driver speeding it is your
duty to report this as it may prevent an accident.
Passengers shall only be carried in the passenger
compartments of cars, truck and buses. Passenger shall not be carried
in the back of pick-ups on truck beds, on cranes, or on other items of
equipment.
Seat belts shall be worn at all times by drivers and
passengers in all vehicles except buses where there may
be an exemption.
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Driving on desert roads can be very hazardous. If you drive off road as
part of your occupation observe the following:
DO:
Drive carefully and be aware of other road users and pedestrians.
Observe special limits.
Drive within the road conditions and use your dipped head lights when
it is difficult to see others.
DO NOT:
NEVER overtake on the inside.
N E V E R make any sudden changes in direction, unless to avoid
another vehicle.
NEVER take your eyes off the road and mirror.
NEVER take your hands off the wheel.
NEVER use mobile telephone while driving or at a fuel filling facility.
REMEMBER…!
It is not a sign of weakness to be considerate of others.
When intending to drive in the desert, ensure your vehicle is properly
serviced to minimize the possibility of breakdown.
DO:
Ensure you have means for basic survival on board. (Water, Food,
Spare wheel Jack, Sand Mats, Shovel, First Aid Kit, Fire Extinguisher).
Ensure you have been logged out from office before proceeding to
your route and destination.
Ensure someone is aware of your destination.
Stick to the agreed route, or if it is necessary to change, ensure this
information is passed back.
Take a radio or mobile phone with you and check in at agreed times.
If you do break down:
NEVER use all water, fuel, etc. at once. Ration it.
NEVER use physical exertion when it can be avoided.
NEVER move away from your vehicle.
REMEMBER…!
If you are involved in a traffic accident, do not move the vehicle;
inform your Supervisor, Project Engineer, or HSE Officer. Do not
admit to any blame either before or after police arrive, unless you
are informed to do so by company representative such as project
or department manager.
17. Fire Prevention & Protection
The risk of fire in the construction industry is normally high due to the
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types of process and materials handled, with varied

quantities and types of flammable substances. All personnel
should be careful when carrying out their work to avoid, as
f a r a s p o s s i b l e, t he b r e a k i n g of c o n t a i n me n t of
a n y fl a mm a b l e s u b s t an c e a n d t h e g e ne r a t i o n of
i g n i t i on s o u r c e s .
Nearly all fires and explosions require a combination of
fuel, oxygen, heat and/or ignition source. Keep anyone of
these elements away from the others and the risk of fire
will be considerably reduced. If possible it is even more
safe if two of these items are eliminated or under strict
control. Normally it is not possible to control the third,
since it is in the air we breathe, although efforts are made to do even
this and examples are nitrogen blanketing and purging of plant.
Each employee shall comply with the following fire prevention,
detection and control requirements:
1. Do not smoke in “No Smoking” areas.
2. Practice good housekeeping at all times and place rubbish in the
containers provided for that purpose.
3. Do not tamper with fire extinguishers, hoses or any other
equipment intended to detect and/or fight fires. (The life you save
may be yours!).
4. Promptly report all damaged, faulty or empty fire extinguishers to
your supervisors so that corrective action can be taken.
5. Be aware of fire alarm locations and warning signals, and ensure
you are aware of the Emergency Response Procedure in case of
fire when the alarm is heard.
6. All emergency exits and fire escape areas shall be kept clear.
7. Mobile telephones are a recognized ignition source and as such
have caused incidents in the past. Mobile telephones should be
switched off in areas where flammable materials are stored
or handled.
8. Fueling of Equipment:
• No engine driven equipment shall be refueled while
the engine is running.
• Where fuel cans are used, they shall be of a safe
material . Plas ti c containers shall not be
u s ed fo r f u e l .
• Smoking, Mobile Telephones, Battery operated equipment or open
flames are prohibited within 20 meters of fuel storage tanks
or pumps.
18
• All fuel storage tanks shall be clearly marked as to contents,

electrically grounded and any damage or leaks that are discovered
shall be reported to Safety Officers or Foremen.
• All spills shall be cleaned immediately.
All "No Smoking Areas" such as gasoline tank and pump areas, gas
cylinder storage and flammable item storage areas shall be kept free of
combustible items.
Do not allow oily rags or flammable materials to accumulate as they
constitute a high risk of fire.
DO:
Learn your emergency procedures; you might not have much time
when you need to know.
Report empty or damaged fire extinguishers.
Know the types of fire extinguisher, and which type of fire to use
them on.
Tidy up after yourself, waste paper, rags, and other wastes are strong
supporters of combustion.
Ensure that when smoking you use the ashtrays provided and ensure
all cigarette butts are completely extinguished even in areas
designated as Safe.
Practice fire prevention in everything you do, remember to minimize
the use of ignition sources and try to spot any fire hazards. If any are
noted, inform your Supervisor immediately.
DO NOT:
NEVER treat fire carelessly, it can be a terrible enemy.
NEVER obstruct, or restrict the use of any fire equipment.
NEVER push buttons or modify or interfere in any way with equipment
you have no knowledge or authority to deal with.
NEVER use any electrical equipment unless it is of the
appropriate classification.
NEVER leave lids or covers off containers e.g. pain, solvents.
NEVER use naked flame or unapproved equipment in hazardous areas,
unless you have authority in writing.
NEVER misuse fire fighting equipment, it may be needed in a
hurry one day.
Never ever block or obstruct fire escapes or exits.
18. Fire Fighting Equipment
Portable fire extinguishers are only designed to extinguish small fires.

Fire extinguishers are classified according to the type of fire
19
they can extinguish.

1. The most common type of extinguisher used is the
multi purpose (ABC or ABCE) dry chemical powder.
This type of extinguisher is suitable for use on all types
of fire likely to be encountered inclusive of electrical
fires.
2. Other types of fire extinguisher include:
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Extinguisher.
These are suitable for use on electrical fires and also fires involving
flammable liquid. This type of extinguisher can be found in kitchens
and computer rooms.
Users must take care when operating CO2

Extinguishers.
Only personnel specifically trained should operate this
type of equipment as there are specific dangers
associated with their use including pressure release,
sever cold contact surfaces and danger
of asphyxiation.
The extinguisher has a horn shaped nozzle through
which the gas is discharged under pressure during use.
It is essential that the user holds the horn by the handle and not the
horn itself as this could result the user receiving “frostbite” to his hand
while the gas is being discharged.
If the extinguisher is used in a confined space, the user must ensure he
leaves the area immediately as he could be suffocated by the gas.
Foam or Water Fire Extinguishers.

These should never be used on electrical fires because of the danger
of electrocution to the user.
Foam extinguishers are suitable for use on most types of general fires
including oils and combustible materials such as wood.
Fire Blankets
Fire Blankets are also a very useful tool in fighting fires
and can be used to smother small fires as an initial action
to prevent them getting out of control.
Fire blankets should not be used to try to swat out a fire
as this could result in spreading the fire or splashing
yourself or colleagues with burning materials.
3. Safety Representatives will conduct regular training sessions on
20
site to ensure you are aware of the correct use of fire

extinguishers. In addition specific Fire Fighting training sessions
will be conducted for Safety personnel and Supervisory Staff.
19. Electricity
Electricity is a very important energy source. It provides

motive power, energy for welding, helps control plant,
conveys signals and speech for us and lights our way at
night. It also has other properties, you cannot see or smell it, unless
things have gone wrong and unless it is controlled properly things can
go wrong to the extreme.
It can ignite flammable gases, it can cause fires to start, can cause
explosions and it can shock and even kill people.
So, since we must have it for the benefits it brings, we must
also take actions to control it.
• All electric power circuits shall be treated as if they are energized
(LIVE).
• Personne l shall never tamper w ith ele ctrical
installations.
• Only authorized and qualified electricians shall repair,
adjust or conduct work on electrical equipment.
• Any damaged or defective electrical installation or equipment
shall be immediately reported to your supervisor.
• Only approved types of electrical extension cables shall be used
in the jobsite.
• Only approved plugs, fittings, cable joints and sockets shall be
used, the unsafe practice of inserting bare electrical wires into
sockets is not allowed.
• All tools and equipment shall be correctly grounded or fitted with
Earth Leakage Trips.
• W e l d i n g c a b l es s h a l l b e t er m i n a t ed a n d s p l i c e d i n a
proper manner.
• Keep electric and welding cable away from water, oil, heat and
sharp edges. If left in gangways, cables may be accidentally cut or
cause someone to trip, whenever possible they should be
fastened overhead.
• Ensure supply cable is long enough; if it is too short ask for a
proper extension.
• Keep all electrical switch rooms and transformers bays in a clean
and tidy condition in case isolation required in an emergency.
21
• Keep scaffolding poles, cranes, vehicles and ladders away from

overhead wires.
• Do not improvise a junction box, e.g. jam wires in sockets with
match sticks or nails force a plug into a wrong socket.
• Avoid using ordinary plastic domestic socket outlets on an
industrial duty. More robust equipment is needed.
• Do not carry or lift a piece of portable equipment with its cable.
Overhead Electrical Power Lines
If work is needed to be performed under or near

overhead lines, proper coordination with the
responsible organization or owner of the power line
shall be made. A work permit is normally required
when working in close proximity to Power Lines and this shall be in
place and all the safety precautionary measures stated on the permit
complied with prior to work commencing. The line shall when required
be de-energized and grounded. In addition whatever recommended
protective measures shall be provided before work is started. If the
lines are to be de-energized, arrangement shall be made with the
person or organization that operates or control the lines. This
precaution is specifically intended to prevent equipment or employees
from contacting such lines directly with any part of their body or
indirectly through conductive material, tools or equipment which could
in severe cases result in death.
Cranes shall follow limits of approach to overhead power lines 250 KV
and below = 20 feet; above 250 KV = 25 ft.
20. Noise
Prolonged exposure to noise can

permanently damage hearing. It does not
have to be loud, prolonged exposure can
often be more damaging. It is therefore
important to be aware of the noisy areas where you work, and
to wear protection when the signs indicate the need.
The best form of protecting yourself against noise is to limit or totally
avoid exposure. When this is not possible P.P.E. must be used.
There are essentially two types of Personal Protective Equipment to
protect your hearing the use of ear plugs or inserts, earplugs are usually
good for brief spells in the noisy area however earmuffs are more
comfortable for wearing over longer periods.
22
DO:
Find out where the noisy areas are in your WORK PLACE.
Use the protection provided.
Make sure you know how to wear it. If in doubt ask, even ear plugs
must be properly applied.
DO NOT:
NEVER insert ear plugs with dirty hands.
NEVER go into a noisy area without protection even for a quick job. It
may end up longer than you think.
21. Pressurized Systems
Much of the plant piping and equipment we work alongside is normally at

a pressure above the surrounding atmosphere.
When properly managed there is no danger, but the sudden rupture of
even a small piece of equipment can release a devastating amount
of energy.
For example, a gas cylinder from which the neck has been broken can
be thrown for over 500 meters.
Systems containing liquids although not as hazardous as gas can also
injure. Not only can fittings be shot off at high velocity but jets of liquids
can blind, or even cause puncture wounds in the flesh, sometimes with
fatal results.
DO:
Know and respect your plant and if you suspect anything wrong, report
it to your Supervisor.
Make sure pressure has been released before a pressure system
is opened.
Make sure any fittings added to a pressure system are of the correct
type and rating.
Make sure screw threads used are clean, in good condition and are
fully tightened.
DO NOT:
NEVER use thread sealing tape unless approval is given. Tape is not
substitute for worn threads.
N E V E R go near to plant under test unless you are part of the
testing team.
NEVER subject equipment under pressure to shock loads, such as
hammering or being dropped.
NEVER apply heat to anything under pressure including welding,
without the proper approval.
NEVER isolate safety relief valves.
23
22. Pressure Testing
This i s specialized work requiri ng special

precautions to avoid danger. Treat any system
under test with caution and remember, the
stored energy in gas pressured (pneumatic)
system is much higher than that in a system
under liquid (hydraulic) pressure.
In all cases a specific Testing Procedure or Method Statement shall be
prepared inclusive of indicating:
Maximum Test Pressure.
Relief Valve Settings.
Responsibilities.
Hazard Identification.
DO:
Test hydraulically whenever possible.
If using oil or other flammable material as testing fluid always
ensure that the flashpoint is well above the temperature of
adj acent l in es an d eq uip ment esp ecial ly on Hot
T a p p i n g Operations.
Ensure there are no energy reservoirs such as accumulators or
dampeners’ active in a system before testing commences.
Ensure air or gas is completely bled out before applying the
hydraulic pressure.
Make full use of your eye protection and protective clothing.
Make sure you know what pressure the system and its fittings will take
and the means to generate the pressure will not exceed the
maximum setting.
DO NOT:
NEVER test pneumatically without full authorization.
NEVER go near system under test, until a reasonable time has elapsed
once set pressure has been attained.
N E V E R go near to plant under test unless you are part of the
testing team.
NEVER isolate safety relief valves.
NEVER remove plugs from any pressurized system before depressurizing it.
NEVER subject equipment under pressure to shock loads, such as
hammering or being dropped.
NEVER apply heat to anything under pressure including welding,
without the proper approval.
24
23. Scaffolds, Ladders and Working at Height
A fall when working above ground can be serious or even fatal. An

important part of any safe working programme is the provision of safe
access to Project site, for construction, inspection or maintenance.
Temporary or permanent platforms over 2 meters high must conform
to strict requirements regarding structure, handrails, toe boarding and
access ladders. If you have to work where proper platforms are not
available, then you must wear safety harness and an attached
anchor line.
All activities that cannot be performed safely from a ladder, a
motorized man lift or an approved personnel hoisting device shall be
done from scaffolding erected and inspected by certified personnel.
DO:
Get permission before going onto a scaffold, it may not be completed.
Ensure the access ladder is fastened at the top and that a ladder is
provided for all levels.
Report to your Supervisor if you notice any cracked or missing boards,
they need to be replaced.
Ensure you apply the brakes on a wheeled platform.
Ensure a ladder is lashed at the top or footed by other person.
Ensure you maintain 3 points of contact with the ladder.
Get help if you need to move a long ladder.
DO NOT:
NEVER over reach from a ladder or descend with equipment in both
hands. ALWAYS use a tool belt or hoist line.
NEVER leave loose tools or materials on the scaffolds work platforms.
NEVER make or use “home made” ladders. Those made with nails are
also not acceptable.
NEVER ride on a mobile scaffold, as it is move from one job to another.
NEVER make any unauthorized changes to your scaffold.
NEVER throw items down from scaffolds, either pass them or let them
down by chain or rope.
NEVER work from a scaffold over 10 meters high that has not been
anchored to the structure.
NEVER walk upon scaffold poles, Scaffolds must be fully boarded.
25
NEVER work on a roof with holes or climb out of windows that have
not been protected by barriers.
24. Work Permits (Also Termed as Permits to Work)
The work permit system authorizes specified construction,

maintenance, inspection or repair work to be conducted in the
restricted areas. The work permit serves as an official written record of
conditions and requirements agreed upon by the issuer and receiver. It
lists the equipment to be utilized, minimum safety measures to be
taken and hazards which must be controlled.
Restricted areas are those areas designated that require work permits.
Those areas include electrical installations, areas around power lines,
railways, major roads, oil handling facilities, pipelines, radioactive and
explosive handling area.
Permit to work must be obtained by the certified permit receiver and
be kept on the jobsites at all time and must be extended or closed after
the duration of the permit.
Work permits once open are the responsibility of the receiver whose
responsibility it is to ensure stipulated conditions are complied with,
the receiver should not delegate his responsibility unless for a very
short time and to a responsible and knowledgeable deputy.
Work Permit receivers should not receive permits for multiple areas
however can receive multiple permits in the same area for
different activities.
Either the issuer or the receiver can revoke a work permit if hazardous
situation develops after work starts or if there is any change of
circumstances likely to affect safe working condition.
A WORK PERMIT gives the permission. It clearly states:
- What is to be done;
- Where;
- When;
- Methodology and equipment;
- And precautions to be taken to avoid incidents.
If you are Job Performer or working under a permit you should clearly
understand the requirements stated, for your own and your colleague’s
safety. If you do not understand, ask!
Ensure no work commences until a permit is signed and issued.
All permits require, at least, the signature of the ISSUING AUTHORITY
who has made out the permit and the Job Performer or Receiving
Authority who has signed his understanding of the requirements.
26
These requirements must be strictly followed.

The following types of permits are samples used in Projects.
• Cold Work
Required to cover general work, use of air driven tools, non sparkling
hand tools, scaffolding, painting, chemical cleaning, water washing etc.
• Hot Work
When a source or potential source of ignition is being used, such as
welding, torch cutting, grinding, using sparking tools, non certified
electrical equipment, etc.
• Confined Space Entry
Is used to ensure safe working conditions for the entry of persons into
a confined space. It is not to allowed to enter or work in confined
spaces without this permit. (Confined space definition changes
dependant upon Client, Plant and country laws).
• Isolation Confirmation
Such permit is required for any work on any live equipment that needs
to be isolated from the energy source.
• Excavation
This is required for excavation work, regardless of depth when
specified in client procedures. It must be applied for before
work commences.
25. Safety Signs and Notices
Safety signs are an important feature of any loss prevention

programme. They are also important to you giving you information or
warning. It is in everyone’s interest to obey them.
DO:
Watch for and obey speed road signs.
Obey all Speed Limit Signs.
Look out for symbols on containers, e.g. corrosive, flammable, toxic etc.
There will also be a label which states the precautions when handling.
DO NOT:
NEVER go past barriers, plastic tape barriers, a broad band of black and
yellow (or red) diagonal stripes, these all are intended to draw
attention to a hazard and may be used in addition to safety signs, but
not as a substitute.
27
26. Rigging and Lifting Operations
Cranes
Only trained, certified and competent employees are allowed to
operate cranes. No unauthorized persons are allowed to operate or
ride on a crane.
Crane operators shall take signals from a certified rigger, a single
person shall be designated to signal crane operators to avoid confusion
and reduce the risk of incident.
Employees shall never ride the crane hook or the load. The crane
operator will be held responsible in any cases reported or discovered.
Should personnel attempt to ride hooks or loads the crane operator
shall immediately stop the lifting operations.
Loads shall not be swung over employees, pressure vessels or other
areas where any item dropping could result in a serious incident.
Personnel shall be made aware of the danger within the turning radius
of the crane by way of signs, barriers, warning devices such as horns or
a watchman being designated.
Forklift Trucks
Only trained, certified and competent employees are
allowed to operate forklifts.
No unauthorized persons are allowed to operate or ride
on a forklift.
Employees shall never ride the forklift or the load. The operator will be
held responsible in any cases reported or discovered. Should
personnel attempt to ride the equipment or loads the operator shall
immediately stop the operations.
When descending a gradient with a load it should be noted that to
reverse down is less of a risk and should be the preferred method.
Loads shall be checked to ensure they are secure no matter what the
distance is that they will be carried, special care should be taken with
compressed gas cylinders and pipes as they can easily roll free.
Lifting Equipment and Tackle
Only qualified riggers are permitted to select and inspect lifting
equipment to be used on critical lifting operations.
All equipment inclusive of belts, chains, shackles, wires and man-
baskets shall be inspected before use. Defective equipment shall be
immediately reported to your supervisor and should not be used.
Many factors can reduce the safe working load of lifting equipment and
they include sever cold or heat, sudden shocks, angles of loading, and
28
unseen wear and stresses. Care must be taken when selecting

equipment for a specific task and an additional safety margin be
allowed for when possible.
Nylon type belts should not be used where there is a possibility of
damage from contact with the load otherwise a protective insert shall
be used.
Personnel may only be lifted in certified man baskets.
Rigging shall be stored correctly prior to and after use.
Where possible a pre-planned lifting plan should be formulated
detailing all types and capacities of lifting equipment to be used for a
specific operation. “Planning enhances Performance and
Reduces Risks”.
27. Manual Handling
Manual Handling and moving of objects and loads is a

very common activity experience in the construction
industry and includes Digging, Pulling, lifting and
pushing activities.
Personnel can suffer serious injuries when basic rules and techniques
are not followed.
Some basic rules include:
DO:
Be aware of your own limitations when handling loads. Get help if you
need it.
Seek training if you do this work regularly.
Prepare the place where you are going to put the load.
DO NOT:
NEVER handle heavy loads without gloves.
NEVER lower a heavy load onto a surface trapping your fingers.
NEVER let go suddenly, particularly if you are sharing a load with
another person.
NEVER forget to keep your feet clear of the load.
28. Hand and Portable Tools
Hand Tools
The main causes of most accidents are: using the wrong
29
tool, improper use, or poor maintenance of the tools.

Hand tools shall only be used for their intended purpose and “home
made” tools shall not be used. Worn, damaged or broken tools shall be
returned to the stores for replacement.
DO:
Look after your tools and keep them clean. Ensure all wedges
remain tight.
Always use the correct tools for the job. Never use the spanner
as a hammer.
Use spanners that fit the nut or bolt head.
Keep chisels and hammers free from burrs and mushroom heads. This
particularly applies to brass tool which quickly deform.
Wear eye protection when using striking tools.
DO NOT:
NEVER use worn or damaged tools.
NEVER use hammers picks etc. which have wooden handles once they
are split or splintered.
NEVER use a file without its handle.
Power Tools
These run by electricity or may be pneumatic, the choice of which to
use, will depend upon the task or the conditions. For example it is
preferable to use air powered tools in an area where flammable
materials may be released.
DO:
Ensure your portable electrical equipment is approved for use.
Before using, inspect for good supply connections that cable or tubing
is not damaged.
Ensure that if the equipment you are using, is or becomes damaged, it
is taken out of service immediately.
Make sure trailing cable is not a tripping hazard.
Take care of grinding wheels, they operate at high speeds and can
easily become unbalanced, making them difficult to use or
even dangerous.
Make sure all air hose connections are tight. A sudden disconnection
of an air hose can inflict severe injury. Remember to switch off each
time you stop working with the tool.
Get used to wearing eye protection when using pneumatic tools.
Ensure materials are secure prior to drilling/grinding work.
DO NOT:
NEVER pick up or handle tools with the cable or hose, you may strain or damage
30
it, causing further hazards.

NEVER forget ear muffs/plugs when using a pneumatic tools, some are
very noisy.
NEVER remove earthing from power tools.
Cartridge Operated Tools
These types of tools constitute very high risk of incident and injury and
shall only be operated by trained, competent personnel.
Some Basic rules for use include:
No employee shall handle or operate cartridge tools or cartridges
unless they are specifically trained to do so.
Tools and Cartridges when not in use shall be stored in a lockable
metal container clearly marked as to the contents.
All tools shall be carefully inspected prior to each use.
No guards or attachments are to be removed or tampered with.
The operator and any personnel in the vicinity shall wear eye
and ear protection.
Tools shall only be loaded with cartridges immediately prior to use and
shall be unloaded if work is stopped.
Tools must be placed tight against the fixing material during use.
Operat ors and pers onnel i n the vici nit y shall wear ey e and
ear protection.
29. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)
H2S is a very toxic substance. It appears from different sources in our

operations, but our approach is the same. H2S can be generated in the
reservoir and is brought to the surface with the crude. It may also be
present in drains or sewers where it has been generated by
bacteriological action. The characteristics smell of rotten eggs is an
indication of its presence in small quantities. It is heavier than air and
in addition to being very toxic, is also flammable. Regular over
exposure dulls the sense of smell, increasing exposure causing
headaches and irritation of the eyes, through to 800 ppm or more
being instantly fatal.
It is therefore important to be aware and take precautions.
Immediately report to your Supervisor if you suspect H2S to be present,
in or around the area where you are working.
Always be aware of wind direction, upwind side of your work location
and the location of wind socks on the work site.
Know the agreed alarm that will be used to signify an emergency and
the actions you are required to take.
31
Make sure you understand what to do in the event of an emergency. If

you are in doubt, ask your Supervisor.
If you are supplied with any type of breathing apparatus or escape
mask, to use in the event of leak and have not been trained in its use
inform your supervisor.
Work in pairs if you are expected to work in BA/escape mask in the
presence of H2S.
Do not move into an area to rescue a person, if H2S is the risk, unless
you are prepared and have the correct equipment.
Do not remove your mask until you know that the air is clear.
Do not rely only on your sense of smell as the method of determining
the presence of H2S.
30. Radioactive Substances
We see increasing use of radioactive sources and the types

of activities involving them, e.g. Non Destructive
Examination of metals and welds, use of trace elements,
level, compaction and density measurement.
Radio-active substances are being used more and more in industry
mainly for an ability to penetrate normally opaque materials. X-rays in
hospital, weld testing on plants and pipelines, level and density
measurement, testing oil flow in wells and for smoke detection in a fire
monitoring system.
There are many uses for these materials however radio-active
substances require careful control since they can cause damage to
humans if invisible particles given off are allowed to penetrate the
body or solid matter is ingested.
There are only two method of reducing or eliminating exposure to
radiation Distance and Shielding and they should be considered in that
order, Where possible ensure you are at a safe distance and NEVER
cross a radiation control barrier.
DO:
Wash thoroughly before smoking, eating or drinking, if you have been
working with, or close to any area, where radio-active substances have
been handled or stored.
Obey radiation warnings and keep out any barriered area.
If you are a worker that deals with this equipment always wear your
film badge and treat the source with great respect.
Report any defects in equipment.
32
DO NOT:
NEVER take risks and make do with equipment that is not functioning
safely.
NEVER enter a barriered area unless you have been authorized to do
so and know what you are doing.
NEVER move or open a container with a radio-active sign on it unless
you know that it is safe to do so.
The only positively safe level of exposure is ZERO,
Distance is your best friend when dealing with Radiation.
31. Painting and Abrasive Blasting
Abrasive Blasting
Abrasive blasting is a method of cleaning materials using pressurized
air or water and an abrasive material such as metal shot, grit or other
materials and as such presents specific health and safety hazards. The
use and operation of abrasive blasting equipment should not be taken
lightly. Equipment should only be used by trained personnel who are
fully aware of the hazards and risks and how to avoid or
minimize them.
UNDER NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES A WORK PERMIT (OR PERMIT TO
WORK) IS REQUIRED FOR ABRASIVE BLASTING.
Some basic requirements to ensure safe working include:
Abrasive blasting is an ignition source and fire protection measures
should be taken. Do not store or use paint, solvents or thinners in the
same area that blasting is or will be conducted.
Good housekeeping is of high importance in order to reduce the
chances of fire or personnel tripping while working.
Warning signs must be posted around the blasting zone or perimeters
of the area.
All equipment should be regularly inspected and any worn or defective
parts replaced.
Abrasive blasting equipment utilize pressure retaining parts and care
should be taken to avoid exposure to sudden shock or excessive heat.
Equipment should be located on level surface with minimum chance
of being struck or displaced.
Blasting should not be performed when wind direction and velocity
may carry visible dust to unprotected persons.
Operators must use heavy gloves and aprons and wear safety shoes.
Eye, face, respiratory and hearing protection must be used by all
employees working in the vicinity of operations.
33
Equipment should be fitted with a dead man switch.

Ensure nozzles are attached to the hose correctly to prevent accidental
disengagement.
Only join lengths of hose together with correctly rated connector.
Earth connection should be fitted to prevent static energy.
Painting
Spray painting causes hazards from high concentrations of vapor,
which could result in fire explosion or oxygen deficiency in a confined
space area.
Brush painting can also be hazardous if paint flicks from the brush, into
someone’s eye.
DO:
Wear the correct gloves, ear protection, overalls.
Make sure your area is barriered off to stop persons coming too close.
Apply barrier creams to your hands before using paints and solvents.
Ensure you wash before eating food, after such work.
Know the substance you are applying, some epoxy paints or resins are
highly toxic and can cause chemical burns.
DO NOT:
NEVER leave paint cans open and unattended.
NEVER leave full and empty cans mixed in a pile. Paint should be
properly stored in steel enclosures. Labels are required on the outside
e.g. toxic, flammable.
NEVER fool with spray guns and grit blasting kit. Air less paint spray
guns in particular operate at high pressure and can inject paint under
the skin causing serious wound or enter the eye. Protective overalls
and eye protection are important.
NEVER smoke when spraying, mixing and pouring paint and solvent.
32. Welding and Cutting
Three major hazards are presented by welding and cutting

work, the obvious danger is of fire, possible danger to
health resulting from fumes or UV light from electric arc
welding and electric shock. Therefore welding and cutting
work shall be controlled, usually through the work permit system. You
can help by observing the following:
DO:
M a k e s u r e y o u k n o w w h a t c o n d i t i o n s ar e s t a t ed
o n t he w o r k permit.
34
Make sure you have a fire extinguisher at hand, and that you know
how to use it.
Make full use of your eye protection and protective clothing.
Compressed Gas Cylinders

Secure gas cylinders in a safe place, in upright position
even better if they are in a purpose made trolley or rack.
Carefully inspect all equipment, hoses and cables before
use and discard or replace those pieces found faulty in
some way.
Ensure there is adequate ventilation, some welding off gases are
extremely toxic.
Try and ensure hoses are least likely to cause a tripping hazard and are
not exposed to damage.
Leave cylinder key with the bottles.
DO NOT:
NEVER use combustible materials or drums that have
contained flammable materials to support your work.
NEVER leave Pressurized equipment unattended. Always, turn off gas.
NEVER transport cylinders with hose and regulator steel attached
unless on a purpose made trolley.
NEVER put gas cylinders into confined space, they may leak.
NEVER roll cylinders on their side, or drop or man handle with gauges
still fitted.
Electric Arc Welding

Accidents can be prevented by:
• The welder being qualified and experienced in the work.
• Using a safe system, both to prevent and fight fires.
• Applying a proper protection for the electrical parts and the
engine. Particularly in a hazardous area.
DO:
Insulate both the supply and return cables throughout
their length.
Attach earth clamps right back to the work piece. (Spring grips or
bolted type).
Have an appropriate fire extinguisher at each generator.
Ensure cable joints are made with approved insulated connectors.
Protect others from the arc by using screens.
Run a welding generator set in a hazardous area without a permit.
Leave electrodes in holder when not in use.
35
33. Confined Spaces
There is much confusion on the term “Confined Space”

however to simplify, a confined space can be defined as
an area with limited access or egress, has limited flow of
breathable air or contains/has contained chemicals/gases or materials
harmful to health.
Even after taking precautions working in confined spaces can never be
termed as safe therefore continued vigilance is required to ensure that
the precautions selected remain able to address specific and
changing conditions.
NEVER enter a confined space unless you are absolutely sure all
necessary precautions have been taken to protect you and your
fellow employees.
Remember “IF IN DOUBT STAY OUT”.
A complete and comprehensive evaluation of the workplace and
associated hazards should be conducted prior to any personnel
entering confined spaces.
Correct P.P.E. shall be issued and when this includes Breathing
Apparatus or Respirators the users shall be specifically trained in the
use of such equipment.
Other precautions to be taken are to ensure adequate escape routes,
provide tag lines to personnel and assignment of watchman.
34. Chemicals
There are thousands of chemicals in existence and

hundreds of new ones are being developed for
commercial use every year. While almost all of these
chemicals are beneficial in some ways, they can be
dangerous too. In fact of the thousands of chemicals in existence, It is
difficult to find any that are absolutely harmless. When dealing with an
unfamiliar chemical, It is always wise to assume that it is hazardous.
The exposure to hazards associated with material depends largely on
its proper identification, handling, usage, transport, storage and
disposal. In addition, materials which may be completely harmless in
one application may be deadly in another.
Many of the chemical substances used by industry are potentially
harmful, but can be used safely if the correct precautions are taken. The
precautions needed are stated on the “Material Safety Data Sheet” for
each particular chemical. These are provided by manufacturers and are
36
available in the department handling the chemicals, stores, QA/QC,

and HSE Department. The data sheets state the hazards, e.g.
flammable, or corrosive, the effect on the body and First Aid actions,
what to do in case of fire etc.
There are too many chemicals and too many possible combinations to
deal with them individually. There are many sources of information on
the identification, safe storage, transportation and disposal of
chemicals. If anyone is unsure or feels they need more information to
ensure hazards and risks may be avoided they should contact their
immediate Supervisor or responsible Safety Officer.
The proper identification and labeling of chemicals is a very important
safety precaution.
When dealing with all chemicals it should initially be assumed they are
harmful unless evidence is available to the contrary. Precaution should
be taken to ensure that personnel do not swallow, inhale or allow it to
contact their skin. The chemical must not be allowed accidentally mix
with other substances in transportation, storage or use. (Single
chemicals may be harmless unless they come into contact with other
elements). Some chemicals react violently when exposed to air, water,
oils etc and must be contained correctly at all times. Chemicals must
not be subjected to undue shock, pressure or heat. When the chemical
is no longer needed it must be safety disposed of or recycled.
Hazards to health arise from inhaling, swallowing, or skin contact. The

severity of the hazard ranges from nuisance chemicals that produce
none or only minor injury to chemical that on very short exposures
possess the possibility to cause severe injury or death.
Under normal working conditions the most common method of entry
of a chemical into the human body is through the respiratory tract by
inhalation. The next most common method of entry is through skin
absorption. The least common is through swallowing, as this seldom
occurs. (However this is the most common in household cases).
When working with chemicals,
ALWAYS:
Wear the correct protective clothing when handling.
Look out for symbols on containers, e.g. corrosive, flammable, toxic etc.
37
There will also be a label which states the precautions to be taken

when handling.
Label any container that you fill with chemicals.
Follow the instructions carefully when you are transferring chemicals
from one container to another.
Know where the emergency shower, eye wash facilities are and that
you know how to operate them.
Store chemicals which give off vapors in a well ventilated building.
Ensure chemicals stored out in the open, are kept out of the sun.
NEVER:
Mix different chemicals, either in use or in storage, unless it is part of
the procedure.
Ignore leaking drums or spills, report them to your supervisor.
Carry bottles of chemicals in the hand, use the special
provided carriers.
Look up if a drip/leak falls on you, move away first.
Taste or allow unknown products come into contact with skin and only
smell with caution.
35. Excavations
Areas where there are excavations present multiple

hazards inclusive of Access/Egress, Danger of
collapse and cave-in, personnel and/or equipment
falling into excavations, Flooding and Hazards
associated in some cases with Confined Space entry. Personnel should
be fully aware of the dangers of working in and around excavations
irrelevant of depth, however, increased depth results, in many
cases, in increased danger.
It must be highlighted that the dangers associated with open
excavations extends to members of the public and anyone else
working in the area so warning signs and lights where required must
be employed.
Before excavation work is undertaken checks must be made to ensure
that provision is made for any buried services that may be
encountered. (In some cases a specific Excavation Permit is required
and this must be gained BEFORE start of work).
Ladders and other methods of safe entry and exit from excavations
shall be provided at all times.
38
Correct shoring and/or sloping and benching of the sides of

excavations shall be employed even if the excavation is to be in
existence for a short period of time.
Special care must be taken by personnel working in excavations and
they should be constantly aware of the risks these conditions pose.
Specifically personnel should be aware of escape routes and what to
do in an emergency situation such as flooding or cave in.
Excavated materials must be kept well back from the edges of the
excavation to avoid undue stress on the sidewalls.
36. Machinery and Powered Plant
Any equipment that has moving or rotating parts and mechanisms

constitutes a major safety hazard and working around such machinery
requires special care to be taken.
The prevention of injuries caused by machines and powered plant can
largely be archived by proper guarding of the nip point or dangerous
moving parts during operation and employing safe system of work
during maintenance.
Only Trained, Qualified and Competent personnel are permitted to
operate machinery.
Only personnel in possession of a valid Government license are
permitted to operate cranes and earthmoving equipment.
Only specifically designated plant mechanics and Maintenance staff are
allowed to conduct repairs and/or adjustments to equipment.
Rotating Equipment poses specific risks and care must be taken when
operating such equipment.
ALWAYS:
Be aware of how to stop the machine in an emergency.
Ensure people are well clear before starting up.
Always use a brush or rake for removing swarf or waste material.
Wear a cap if you are working on rotating equipment and you have
long hair.
Make sure you are wearing no loose items of clothing, particularly
39
sleeves and neck ties or scarves.

Protect your eyes when working with abrasive wheels or when turning
cast iron or non ferrous metals.
When working with adjustable or unlocked guards make sure that they
are operating correctly, before use.
Report damaged or insecure guards to your Supervisor.
Ensure work is correctly clamped prior to operating drilling machines.
NEVER:
Use an abrasive wheel that is out of balance, it could break up.
Use machinery that has no guard.
Wear loose clothing which could become entangled in the machinery
or work.
Use your hands to slow down or stop a machine or shift a driving belt
with the machine still in motion.
Reach into or climb over moving machinery.
Clean or adjust machinery in motion.
40
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cat cover impo 8/8/07 8:42 AM Page 1
Handbo
C.A.T. Group
issue number 1. 2008
C.A.T. Group
Issue number 2, 2008
Construction
SPEED
KILLS.
DRIVE
SAFELY Handbook
www.catgroup.net

CAT Safety Booklet 2008-2009

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C.A.T. Management have made a clear commitment to Occupational

Do nothing to endanger yourself or others.

PROJECT & CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS

SUPERINTENDENTS AND FOREMEN

Promptly Report all unsafe or unhealthy situations in order that

aware of the dangers of accident or injury at all times.

The 6 steps of Safety Programme:

In all cases where productivity needs to be increased, your safety effort

All employees shall follow the below listed rules:

As a condition of continued employment you are required to carry out

4. Clothing and Safety Equipment

5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

When you are at work, some of the

6. Safety Meetings and Information

7. Reporting Unsafe and Hazardous Conditions

Reporting of Incidents including Near Misses and

8. Reporting Injuries, Illnesses, Property and

DISTURBED, damaged vehicles, equipment and other property

9. Accidents and Incidents

10. Emergency Preparedness Procedures

It is the responsibility of every employee to

Action to be taken in an emergency situation:

• Evacuate all personnel to a pre-determined point (Assembly

11. Camp Safety

Accommodation units and camps pose specific

12. Office Safety

A well maintained and tidy workplace decreases the

14. Spills and Waste Disposal

Spills should be avoided wherever possible and when

15. First Aid

FIRST AID is available to all personnel

In particular you should seek immediate aid if you:

Some tips on dealing with specific injuries are as follows however if

To stop serious bleeding, follow these steps:

Do not attempt to clean the wound.

Call for emergency help immediately.

If the bleeding continues and seeps through the

Follow these steps when treating minor burns:

Everyone experiences minor electrical shocks from time

electrocuted, look first-do not touch. He or she may still be in contact

Heat Related Emergencies

Heat exhaustion occurs when your heart and

The main indication of heat stroke is a fever of 105 degrees Fahrenheit

A variety of symptoms appear in a person experiencing shock:

16. Vehicle Safety and Desert Driving

Drivers of company vehicles shall have current, valid Government

17. Fire Prevention & Protection

types of process and materials handled, with varied

• All fuel storage tanks shall be clearly marked as to contents,

18. Fire Fighting Equipment

Portable fire extinguishers are only designed to extinguish small fires.

they can extinguish.

Users must take care when operating CO2

Foam or Water Fire Extinguishers.

site to ensure you are aware of the correct use of fire

Electricity is a very important energy source. It provides

• Keep scaffolding poles, cranes, vehicles and ladders away from

Overhead Electrical Power Lines

If work is needed to be performed under or near

Prolonged exposure to noise can

21. Pressurized Systems

Much of the plant piping and equipment we work alongside is normally at