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2. What are the testes? Where do they develop and when do they descend?
-They develop in the embryo on the posterior(back) abdominal wall.
-They descend through the inguinal canals during the 7th month of development
-this is comma shaped. It is a long, coiled tube that rests on the top, exterior
backside of each testicle. It functions in the transport and storage of the sperm
cells and it also brings the sperm to maturity, because the sperm that emerge
from the testes are immature and incapable of fertilization.
-the vas deferens is a long, muscular tube that travels from the epididymis,
through the inguinal canal into the pelvic cavity, to just behind the bladder.
-stores & transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation
-the are located just posterior (below) the bladder & empty into the urethra (before
it)
-they function to store sperm just before ejaculation
8. Urethra/purpose?
-usually carries urine out of the body but, in males, it has the additional function of
expelling (ejaculating) semen when the man reaches orgasm. When the penis is
erect during sex, the flow of urine is blocked by a flap, allowing only semen to be
ejaculated at orgasm.
-the seminal vesicles are pouch-like glands that attach to the vas deferens near
the base of the bladder & just above the rectum—they produce the majority, ~ 60%
of semen’s volume
10. What 4 substances are found in the secretion of the seminal vesicles? What
does each do?
- fructose, fluid that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the
sperms’ motility
-alkaline fluid, which neutralizes the acidity of the female’s vagina because an
acidic environment will kill sperm.
-prostaglandis, which:
- helps sperm motility (it’s ability to move spontaneously) & propels the
sperm forward
-it secretes:
-it also has an antibiotic to kill certain bacteria in both the seminal fluid & vagina
fluid
15. What is the penis? Briefly describe the anatomy of the penis.
-it is the male copulatory organ, which transfers sperm directly into the female
during intercourse
-1st —smooth muscle at the base of the urinary bladder closes and prevents urine
from being expelled during the ejaculation
-2nd —Peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens, seminal vesicles & prostate
gland to propel semen into the urethra
-3rd —muscles at the base of the penis also aid in ejaculation by?
17. What is spermatogenesis? What occurs during the two phases of meiosis?
sperm-production; Occurs from puberty til death and occurs in the testis. Meiosis
1: Spermotogenic cells give rise to 2N spermatogonium; Spermatogonium go
through meiosis I to produce two 1N 2* spermatocytes; Homologous chromosomes
are now in separate cells but chromatids are still attached.
Meiosis 2: Chromatids are split into separate cells and get four 1N spermatids;
Differentiation: spermatids then aquire an enzyme head(break through females
defenses)& flagellum
18. What are the three parts of the sperm and the purpose of each?
HEAD: contains the nucleus & the acrosome(enzyme granular on the head)these
enzymes are designed to be released and penetrate the oocyte. MIDPIECE:
contains mitochondria for the metabolism of ATP FLAGELLUM: for
swimming….whipping motion to propel the sperm forward toward the egg.
19. A surge of what hormone must occur during development for a male to
develop?
Testosterone
20. List the four hormones involved in the male reproductive system and the
function of each.
4.) Testosterone: primary male sex hormone, responsible for sex drive, male
secondary sexual characteristics, stimulates spermatogenenesis, acts on several
other organs: prostate, seminal vesicals.