In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements in
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES IN DECISION MAKING

Submitted to:

PROF. REYNALDO T. AMBAO

Submitted by:

RONNEL N. CARTAGENA
Student
S.Y. 2011-2012

I. Topic: LINEAR PROGRAMMING II

 THE SIMPLEX METHOD
(MAXIMIZATION AND MINIMIZATION)

II. Definition:
Linear Programming is a mathematical method for determining a way to achieve the
best outcome ( such as maximum profit or lowest cost ) in a given mathematical model for some
list of requirements represented as linear relationships. Linear programming is a specific case of
mathematical programming.

Concepts:
The concepts in linear programming are the following: linear program, objective
function, inequality constraints, non-negativity requirements, feasible solutions, basic solutions,
graphical solution of simple problems, basic feasible solutions and the simplex method, primal
and dual problems, shadow variables and complementary slackness and sensitivity analysis.

Characteristics of Linear Programming Model on a Spreadsheet:

1. Decisions need to be made on the levels of a number of activities, so changing cells
are used to display these levels.
2. These activity levels can have any value (including fractional values) that satisfy a
number of constraints.
3. Each constraint describes a restriction on the feasible values for the levels of
activities, where a constraint commonly is displayed by having an output cell on the
left, a mathematical sign ( < , > , or = ) in the middle, and a data cell on the right.
4. The decisions on activity levels are to be based on an overall measure of
performance, which is entered in the target cell. The objective is to either maximize
the target cell or minimize the target cell, depending on the nature of the measure of
performance.
5. The excel equation for each output cell (including the target cell) can be expressed as
a SUMPRODUCT function, where each term in the sum is the product of a data cell
and a changing cell.

Application of Linear Programming:

It can be used in a business in comparing two variables. When you graph, you can see if
the line is rising or falling, just like a business.

Advantages of Linear Programming:

1. The linear programming technique helps to make the best possible use of available
productive resources (such as time, labour, machines etc.)
2. In a production process, bottle necks may occur. For example, in a factory some
machines may be in great demand while others may lie idle for some time. A significant
advantage of linear programming is highlighting of such bottle necks.

Disadvantages of Linear Programming:

 1. Linear programming is applicable only to problems where the constraints and
objective function are linear i.e., where they can be expressed as equations which represent
straight lines. In real life situations, when constraints or objective functions are not linear, this
technique cannot be used.
2. Factors such as uncertainty, weather conditions etc. are not taken into consideration.

III. Description of the nature of your work (What are you doing in school specifically in
making decisions?)
As a teacher I have so many obligations, things to be done that can complete my
tasks everyday. In fact I started my day with objective to follow, so that I have the target to be
accomplished with. In such a way that my pupils will satisfy of what they expected from me.
Teach in a manner that will make students commit themselves personally in their learning.
Supervise the pupils in such a way that there will be an accomplishment at the end of the day.
Lastly keep myself up to date professionally as well as personally.
Teaching requires for an individual qualities that can be contrasting. In making decisions,
teaching analyses the teaching situation in order to determine the relative weight of the topics to
be covered and their difficulty. Identify the objectives that must be met by the pupils. Choose
and design means of assessing the pupils learning. It also choose relevant methods and teaching
devices. Prepare the necessary activities and educational material.

IV. Application of the technique to your work:

An elementary grades teacher can find the shortest way to solve and save time and effort
especially in doing difficult task. The most economic and efficient manner of keeping school
property and recording pupils data may be used. Linear programming may be used for effective
and efficient educational management and staff management.

V. Conclusion:
Therefore I conclude that, Linear Programming is a very powerful tool of such
widespread application in education in business or any institution. Linear programming is a big
help especially in decision making. We can easily decide what will be the most appropriate
things to do and it will guide us decide correctly because of the result been made based on the
different variables that we use.
The following are the recommendations in using Linear Programming:
1. Linear Programming must a great help to us as an educator, because it minimize and
make our work become simple but understandable.
2. It must introduce and use to all school records and data, because it shows a clear and
valid by the form of a tableau.
3. Linear programming must be use in all educational sector to make right and
appropriate decision.
4. It must be used by all computer literate to a great help in solving such problems that
may arise in a certain company.
5. It must be a model to all decision makers to become a successful in their business