9/9/10

Paleolithic – Old Stone Age

Neolithic – New Stone Age

1. Neolithic revolution is the same thing as the Agricultural Revolution
Agriculture was invented after ice age. Much warmer and better for farming.
Population increases, food decreases in hunter gathering societies.
A (people started to farm)
B (Domesticated animals (trained))

2. Agriculture began in the Middle East. It independently arose in India, N. Africa,

and Europe.
3. Agriculture required a lot of work
A (Men started to do all of the work in the fields. Naturally women became less
respected in society. Used to be equal when they did half the gathering. People
needed food, but did not want to do work. They wanted to avoid starting agriculture.
Women were said to be only good for making babies).
4. Hunter gathering societies needed to either leave, die, or start farming.
5. Farming allowed for specialization of labor. People would have different Jobs.
6. A (people started discovered copper and bronze. They started making tools and
weapons. Entirely new jobs were made.)
B (Better tools -> better farming -> more food -> more people

Discussion….

Is civilization good or bad?

 Gender inequality
 Slavery
 Warlike
 Divisions in social class (have/have-not) (some people had everything,
ruler, good for high class bad for poor)
 Diseases
 Ruler and ruled (good for ruler only)
 Destruction of environment

^All of these things come with civilization.

A. Civilization came about, despite the consequences because people had
to work together for food
B. Civilization needs…
1. Government
2. Writing or record keeping/literacy.
3. Cities
4. Social classes (specialization of labor)
5. Monumental building (shows the need for many people)
Four Civilizations…
1. Mesopotamia – Euphrates and Tigris
2. Egypt – Nile
3. Indus – Indus/Ganges
4. China – Yellow River/Huang He

B. Mesopotamia and China were more independent than Egypt and India,
Who borrowed ideas.
C. Similarities were…
1. Use of metals
2. Writing
3. Complex government
4. Religion
All of the above were necessary for society to function

D. Differences were….
1. Egypt’s economy was more government controlled than
Mesopotamia
2. Mesopotamia was more advanced in science/writing, while Egypt
was well known for their math skills
3. Distinctive writing.
4. Egypt had monuments, while China didn’t
5. China developed more around education.
I. Arabia before Islam

A. Nomads dominated society as minorities. Life was awful.

1. Egalitarian poverty led to equality. Status of women was higher as equals.
2. Leadership was family oriented (kinship).
a. Brought people together – marriage brought power and people didn’t
betray each other.
3. There was cooperation within tribes and rivalry between different tribes.
B. War between Byzantine and Sassanid Empire.
1. Nomads supplied resources to both sides of war.
2. This brought wealth and inequality to tribes.
3. Mecca became a very important trading center because it was equal distance
from both sides of the war.
II. Prophet Muhammad
A. He was born in 570
1. He married a wealthy widow.
2. Many daughters because many of his sons died.
3. He was an orphan who was adopted by his uncle.
B. Receives revelations from Angel Gabriel in 610
1. Key ideas of his revelations
 There is only ONE god
 Muhammad is the last of his prophets
 Justice for all.
 2. Creation of the Umma
1. Umma is a society of Muslims. This created unity.
2. Muhammad was fairly old when he received his revelations.
C. The Ka’ba
1. Building for people to pray in.
a. Built for caravan travelers.
b. People worshipped various gods in it.
c. Muhammad preaches against worshipping idols and Pagan gods.
d.