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Alex Krupp
Alex Krupp
This guide was written primarily for lightweight male rowers, but may useful
for others as well. c.f. the section on page 10 below on assumptions,
caveats, and prerequisites. All weights are stated in pounds (lbs). Convert
to kg.
You’re reading this because you want to get fast. Clearly. Otherwise you
wouldn’t be here.
"In every confrontation with a real American professional team it seems that
what we need to learn from them, besides their technique of course, is how
uniformly faithful their players are to the fundamentals. Faithfulness to the
fundamentals seems to be a common thread linking professionalism in all
areas." –T. Kageyama
Most other training guides start out with a 2k or a series of max lifts, and
then attempt to divine a new best workout each day based on initial
performance. These top-down programs never work for two reasons:
1. They don’t have you doing the most efficient workout on any given
day.
2. They fail to generate actionable data.
These ‘systems’ are mostly designed to keep the kids from getting bored,
and to make the person who created them seem smart.
In contrast, by holding our workouts constant we can easily track our rate of
progress and make data-driven decisions quickly. This allows us to tweak
our workouts to keep our rate of improvement in each exercise linear for as
long as possible, rather than having it prematurely reaching the point
of diminishing returns. I will follow up with several real world examples of
this below, as well as some raw data from my own personal experience.
The ultimate goal is to go from your current level of fitness (or lack thereof)
to being able to pull a sub-6:20 2k in six months. In order to break 6:20,
here are the benchmarks you need:
If you can achieve each of these goals then you are pretty much
guaranteed to have a sub-6:20 2k. Notice how we are breaking the 2k down
into its component fitness parts, each of which we can directly measure
against the data generated from our daily workouts. This way there is never
any guessing. Each day you know exactly how much progress you’ve made
toward each goal, and exactly how many days it will take to reach each
goal at your current rate of improvement.
So what does this actually look like in practice? It’s extremely simple. Here
is the plan for the first three months:
Months 1 - 3
Erg
Between the two sets eat something like a banana or a power bar.
This helps prevent chronic glycogen depletion, the cause of most
overtraining syndrome.
Take 15 or so min in between sets to go through a full routine of
stretches. After 45 min of erging your muscles will be nicely warmed
up, so this is the ideal time to gain flexibility.
Keep the drag factor around 100 for the 90 minute pieces.
While spending 20 minutes between sets probably isn’t ideal from a
purely cardio point of view, taking the time to properly stretch, eat,
and hydrate goes a long way toward preventing repetitive strain
injuries. And since pretty much the only thing that will keep you from
breaking 6:20 if you follow this plan is injury, this is time well spent in
the long run.
I'd recommend taking one extra day off from the 90 minute erg pieces
every other week, and then cross training for one day during the
weeks that you're not taking an extra day off. This means that you
should be doing your 90 minute erg pieces 22 days out of the 30,
with an additional two 90 minute pieces per month of cross training.
However, don't erg any less than 22 days per month or else your
cardio will take a dramatic hit.
Never skip a strength workout. Even one missed day will set you back
at least a week. In economics terms, the bulk of the improvement
comes from the marginal effort you put in near the end. That is, the
first 80% of the effort gets you only 20% of the benefits.
Similarly, never skip a workout for an erg test. I’ve seen way too
many rowers try to cheat the system this way, which makes no sense.
By training through every piece you ensure that even if you’re a little
slower in fall, you’ll be miles ahead in spring. This takes a certain
amount of self-confidence and assuredness in your ability to make the
boat, but the dividends here are enormous. Go easy the day before
your last 2k of the season, but train through everything right up until
then.
Pull-ups
Squats
Start with the maximum amount of weight you know you can safely do
for 6 sets of ten reps. Each time you can successfully completely the
6 x 10 two workouts in a row for a given weight, increase the weight
by 10 lbs for the next session. Always use a squat belt.
If you complete the lift just barely both times then keep with that
weight for another session or two, especially as the weight gets
heavier. Again, if you follow this workout plan then pretty much the
only thing that can stop you from pulling a 6:20 is getting injured, so
don’t f**king get injured. If there is ever a question about safety then
immediately reduce the weight.
All squats should be full squats, i.e. the Olympic-style
squats described here.
It generally helps to put a 5 or 10lb plate under each heal. This lets
you push with your entire foot while keeping good form.
Once the squats start getting very heavy it’s good to lie on the
ground between sets, and with your legs on elevated (e.g. resting on
a chair or on the erg) do crossovers with 5 or 10lb weights. Start with
your arms lying on the ground completely extended, as if you were
making a snow angel. Then slowly bring each arm across to the other
side of your chest with the weight in each hand. The point of this isn’t
to get a workout, it’s just to help drain the lactate and other cruft out
of your legs. Doing this for a minute or so between sets dramatically
improves recovery.
Similarly, the best way to complete these workouts is to do the lifts before
the cardio. The thinking is that even if you can’t erg as fast at the 155
heart rate after lifting, you’ll still be getting roughly the same cardio benefit.
Whereas if you’re lifting less weight each week because you’re lifting after
cardio, then ultimately it’s going to take much longer to gain strength.
Months 3 – 4.5
I’d recommend the lifts and 2 x 45 erg in the morning, and then the harder
stuff in the afternoons. Do the Thursday and Saturday pieces on the erg.
The rest of the hard pieces should be done on the water, unless your goal
is purely to get a fast erg time. Do at least 30 min cardio during the warm
up with a few power 10s or 20s, and do an active recovery between pieces.
The cross training should be done on the elliptical, the bike, or running. Do
elliptical at the same heart rate you would erg at for the 2 x 45, do the
bike at 10bpm lower, and for running do 10bpm higher.
Months 4.5 - 6
At the end of the six months you should be easily hitting the goals outlined
at the beginning. If so, then you either should be able to break 6:20 on
pure cardio, or else be very close. If you’re hitting the goals but you’re not
quite there yet, then here is what to do:
Months 6 – 7.5
Complete at least two 8 x 500 ergs before your next 2k. Do the pieces at
the following stroke rates: 26, 28, 30, 32, 29, 31, open, open. Rest for 1:45
after each piece, and 8 minutes after the fourth. If you can break a 1:35
A Project Management Approach to Lightweight Rowing 8
Alex Krupp
average for all eight pieces then you should now be able to break 6:20 on
the 2k.
(Alternate version: 6 x 500m open. Rest for 1 min after each piece. Drop
the fastest, drop the slowest, and the average of the middle four is your 2k
split.)
The most important thing to remember here is never skip the 2 x 45’ in
favor of the sprint pieces. Approximately 70% of your 2k speed comes from
base cardio, and the sprint workouts contribute only a small fraction to the
remaining 30%. At the elite level about 100k per week is the break-even
point. That is, if you’re doing more than 100k per week you’re gaining
cardio, and if you’re doing less than 100k per week you’re losing cardio.
That’s not to say that doing sprint work isn’t extremely important, but as it
gets closer to sprint season a lot of people start doing less cardio and only
focus on the sprint pieces. This is a huge mistake. Never do sprint workouts
unless you’re already doing at least 100k per week.
You are a lightweight male between the ages of 16 and 38. If not you
can always modify goals and workouts as long as they remain
consistent with the principles outlined above.
At least 3+ years of general fitness, including basic experience with
strength training, cardio, stretching, and competition. You don’t need to
currently be in great shape, but you do need to know what you’re
doing and have some basic muscle memory in place.
Getting fast is either the first or second most important thing in your
life. Meaning that if your number one priority is school/work, then
training has to take priority over hanging out with friends and
significant others, partying, staying out late, surfing the web, etc. This
system will only work if you have a love of sport and a strong
intrinsic motivation to be the best.
You know how to erg, row, and lift weights safely. If not visit Row2K
(or an equivalent website for your country) to find a learn-to-row
program in your area.
This guide assumes you have at least a minimum of non rowing-
specific strength. You don’t need the perfect beach body by any
means, but you should hopefully be able to do 20 dips and bench
155. If not then spend six weeks or so working on this before you get
started, perhaps concurrently with a longer version of the two-week
cardio plan outlined below. The reason is that for the next six months
you’ll be focusing almost exclusively on rowing muscles, so you want
to make sure your antagonistic muscles (pecs, triceps, hamstrings) are
strong enough that you don’t injure yourself. Some of the book
recommendations below may be highly useful for creating an
appropriate program.
Similarly, you'll want to go back to training your antagonistic muscles,
as well as doing core and cross training, for 2.5 - 3 months once this
program is over before repeating this program next year. Otherwise
you won't have enough base strength in your non-rowing muscles to
avoid injury.
If you’re completely out of shape when starting this, then you might
want to take at least two weeks to ease into the erging. Try
something like 15 minutes the first day, 25 minutes for the next two
days, 35 minutes for the next three days, 45 minutes the next four
days, and 2 x 35 min for 5 days. Hopefully you are steady stating at
least under 2:30 by the time you start the full workout plan.
The biggest caveat here is with the pull-ups. For me I found that I
gained strength very quickly using this method, but then eventually
topped out around 35. While this is really all you need to break 6:20,
I feel like there are probably ways to improve upon this component
after the first three months. Again, the reason you are plotting your
progress in excel is so you can see if your improvement is starting to
level off. If it does, figure out why and modify the workouts as
needed.
Suggested variations
Consider substituting some of the pull-ups for bench pull after the first
three months, especially if you are already close to hitting your pull-
ups goal. The only reason I didn’t include this in the standard plan is
that most people don’t have access to the necessary equipment.
Basically the suggested workout would become:
next. This seems to work well, but I’d recommend against doing it
more than two cycles in a row.
Stretching
If you want to be the fastest then you need to have the most strength, the
most cardio, and the most flexibility. Unfortunately all too often stretching
takes the back seat behind the other two components of fitness even though
it’s equally important. Therefore I’m taking the position that the best
stretching routine is the one that you do every day. And the best way to do
this is to create a routine that you actually enjoy because it feels good. To
that end I’d recommend doing the stretches below in the order listed. Doing
the wrong stretches or doing them in the wrong order can be really tedious.
The idea here is to create something that’s aesthetically appealing while at
the same time hitting all the muscle groups required to keep you safe and
maximize your 2k.
I’d recommend stretching between the 2 x 45’ erg pieces. This helps keep
your muscles operating at their peak going into the second piece and may
also offer some protection against injury. Hold each position for at least 30
seconds. If you want to add in any dynamic stretches then do them after
the static ones. I’d also recommend stretching again after the 2nd 45’ piece.
If it’s a lifting day then warm up for at least ten minutes and stretch out
fully before lifting. I find that for that quad stretch flexibility gains tend to be
limited after the first couple months, but it’s still important to always do this
before and after squats so that your muscles fibers don’t shorten up as they
heal.
If it’s a race day then warm up as usual but only stretch lightly. This is
because heavy stretching makes your muscles significantly weaker for the
next few hours. This has only a minimal effect on your steady state cardio,
but it makes a big difference when it comes to racing.
Core Strength
Core strength is popularly believed to prevent chronic use injuries. While the
scientific evidence is somewhat equivocal I think it’s safe to assume that at
least a solid baseline level of fitness here is necessary, if not a p90x beach
body physique. Here are three exercises below:
Pillar bridges – Get into pushup position. Hold for 10 seconds. Raise
and extend right arm. Hold for 10 seconds. Switch arms. Hold for 10
seconds. Raise and extend right leg. Hold for 10 seconds. Switch
Legs. Hold for 10 seconds. Raise and extend right leg and left arm.
Hold for 10 seconds. Switch arms and legs. Hold for ten seconds.
A Project Management Approach to Lightweight Rowing 13
Alex Krupp
The way you get better than this is by increasing the amount of time
you can hold each position. Try to get to the point where you can
hold each position for 25 seconds. Be careful not to let your lower
back sag because this can cause damage.
Cherry Pickers - Remember, the goal isn’t just to move your arms
back and forth, but rather to isolate your core muscles and use them
to twist your entire trunk from side to side.
Leg Lifts - Lie flat on back with head and shoulder blades off ground.
Lift both legs so heels are six inches off the ground and knees are
straight. Hold for one minute.
Food
I’d recommend picking up Nancy Clark’s book on sports nutrition. This book
is invaluable, especially when cutting weight for race season. No special diet
is needed to complete these workouts, just remember to eat something in
between 45-minute pieces to prevent chronic glycogen depletion.
My only other tip is to try the Seth Godin breakfast. It’s healthy, low calorie,
and delicious. Try it with cilantro, sprouts, and grape tomatoes.
Knowing how to pull hard is the most important thing in rowing. However it’s
also something this particular guide doesn’t put a lot of emphasis on. If this
is something you need to work on then try adding in the following sprint
workouts:
Gimmicky Ideas
None of the stuff below is necessary, but here is a list of ideas for if you
have some extra time and want to experiment.
Supplements - The only supplements I'd recommend are the ones that
are generally recommended anyway for health reasons: a basic
multivitamin like this or this,Omega-3, and Co Q10. That said, if you
want to try something crazy, try drinking a Red Bull and a couple
teaspoons of honey 30-45 minutes before a big erg test. It sounds
disgusting, and it kind of is, but the raw energy surge and pulling
aggression you get from this is completely ineffable. (But don’t have
more than one because FISA, WADA and the NCAA have strict limits
on acceptable caffeine use.)
Hypoxic tent – This is a low oxygen tent that you sleep in to increase
your red blood cell count. This allows your blood to hold more
oxygen, which improves athletic performance.
Power Lung – Supposedly strengthens lung strength. The claim is that
A) the feeling of gasping for breath you get at the end of the race
happens because your lung muscles are exhausted, not because
you’re not getting enough air. And B) that gasping for breath wastes
an enormous amount of energy that should be going into your rowing.
Jump training - If you’re more ambitious with your plyometrics you can
purchase one of the vertical jump workouts designed for basketball.
There are several readily available that you can find via a simple
Google search, although I can’t personally vouch for the safety or
efficacy of any individual program.
Logging workouts - In addition to keeping a journal with all of my
workout data, I also like logging my workouts in more creative ways
as a more visceral reminder of how much I’ve accomplished. One
example of this is eating one power bar for every 90-minute piece you
do, and then saving the empty boxes. The greatest idea I ever came
up with was switching showers after each cardio workout. The gym
where I went to college had 72 showerheads, so with an average of
roughly 22,000 meters per 90-minute piece it took well over 1.5 million
meters to work my way around the facility.
Positive visualization - There are several books about applying positive
visualization to sports. Brad Alan Lewis's book Assault On Lake
Casitas actually has a whole chapter about this.
Other training guides Although I haven’t actually talked much about project
management explicitly, hopefully it should be clear how this program was
inspired by and designed to be compatible with project management tools
like iterative development, total quality management, PERT, critical path
method, etc. If not, try diffing this guide against some of the other popular
training methods below:
A few books I've enjoyed lately are 'Starting Strength' by Rippetoe and
Killgore and Brookfield's 'Mastery of Hand Strength'. The latter book is a real
eye-opener: every page is stuffed with information that makes sense, but
you never would have thought of. (Hand development, of course, is
important for computer keyboardists.)
Although it's not a complete weightlifting manual, I like the attitude of Bruce
Lee's 'Art of Expressing the Human Body', which turned me on to circuit
training. Some other good books which are more focused on bodyweight
training are Cook's 'Athletic Body in Balance' and Boyle's 'Functional Training
For Sports'."
As far as heart rate monitors go, you don't need anything fancy. You just
need something that will be able to display your current heart rate, as well
as your average heart rate at the end of your workout. Currently the two
best heart rate monitors that fulfill these needs seem to be the Polar
FS3C and the Timex T5G971.
My personal data
At this point I unfortunately had to take 2.5 months off due to a medical
problem that was being exacerbated by training. After these 2.5 months I
trained lightly again for a month, attending team practices but not erging or
lifting at all on my own. After these few weeks back I was able to pull a
6:23.3 on the erg, even though I was nowhere near in the physical shape I
had been before. Thus it stands to reason that even if I wasn't in good
enough shape to have broken 6:20 before this break, I probably would have
come very, very close.
More importantly, I had easily achieved my training targets for pull-ups and
squats, and was less than a month away from achieving the erg targets as
well. So, as it stands, while I'm not the fastest collegiate lightweight rower
ever to have rowed, you'd be hard pressed to find anyone who got to my
level of fitness faster than I did. Not only this, but the data suggests that I
still had a ton of potential left as my rate of improvement hadn't yet started
to significantly decrease. But don't take my word for it, download
my workout data for the first four months and see for yourself.
Final thoughts
If you make it through the above then you should have little difficulty in
ultimately breaking 6:20. The real trick is staying motivated.
So far as I can tell there are really only two ways to go about this. The first
is to regularly visualize yourself winning and achieving your goals. The idea
here is to motivate yourself by the thought of getting to go out and fuck up
someone else’s day. If you’re the kind of person who enjoys this then it’s
theoretically possible to make it work almost indefinitely.
However, the better long term strategy I think is to adopt what Hinduism
calls the sanyasa-tyaga mindset. That is, take the right actions, but then
renounce the consequences. If you can learn to enjoy the process for its
own sake then this is the true path to sustainable fastness.
Lastly, don’t be afraid to make changes. But only make changes that are
based on data, and that will generate more actionable data. Good decisions
are based on patterns, so plan ahead and create workouts that make these
patterns easy to spot. As Yogi Berra once said, “You can observe a lot just
by watching.”
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