LABORATORY FINDINGS

HEMATOLOGY
Test Result Reference Interpretation
M 135-180 g/L
Hemoglobin 67 Normal
F 120-160 g/L
M 0.40-0.54
Hematocrit 0.20 ↓ Abnormal
F 0.48-0.47
WBC 5.5 5-10x1019/L Normal
M 4.6-6.2x1012 /L
RBC 2.33 ↓ Abnormal
F 4.2-5.4x1012 /L
Eosinophils 0.04 0.01-0.03 ↑ Abnormal
Monocyte 0.02 0.02-0.05 Normal
Platelets 143 150-400x1012 /L ↓ Abnormal

URINALYSIS
Color Light yellow Normal
Transparency Slight hazy Normal
Sp gravity 1.010 1.005-1.035 Normal
Reaction Acidic Acidic Normal
Albumin Trace 10mg/100ml Normal

CHEMISTRY
Potassium (K) 4.52 mmol/L 3.5-5.3 mmol/L Normal
Sodium (Na) 136.3 mmol/L 135-148 mmol/L Normal

Hematologic result shows below normal level of hematocrit as a manifestation of

G.I. bleeding. Low levels of RBC indicates anemia. Below normal lymphocytes
shows presence of bacterial infection. high level of eosinophil due to infection.
Low level of platelets indicates increase risk for bleeding.

HEMOGLOBIN
• Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that
carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon
dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

HEMATOCRIT
• The hematocrit is the proportion, by volume, of the blood that consists
of red blood cells. The hematocrit (hct) is expressed as a percentage. For
example, an hematocrit of 25% means that there are 25 milliliters of red
blood cells in 100 milliliters of blood.
• A low hematocrit is referred to as being anemic. There are many reasons
for anemia. Some of the more common reasons are
loss of blood (traumatic injury, surgery, bleeding colon cancer),
 nutritional deficiency (iron, vitamin B12, folate),
bone marrow problems (replacement of bone marrow by cancer, suppression
bychemotherapy drugs, kidney failure),
and abnormal hematocrit (sickle cell anemia).
• Higher than normal hematocrit levels can be seen in people living at high
altitudes and in chronic smokers. Dehydrationproduces a falsely high
hematocrit that disappears when proper fluid balance is restored. Some
other infrequent causes of elevated hematocrit are lung disease, certain
tumors, a disorder of the bone marrow known as polycythemia rubra vera,
and abuse of the drug erythropoietin (Epogen) by athletes for blood
doping purposes.
RED BLOOD CELL (erythrocytes)
• The blood cell that carries oxygen. Red cells contain hemoglobinand it is
the hemoglobin which permits them to transport oxygen (and carbon
dioxide). Hemoglobin, aside from being a transport molecule, is a pigment.
It gives the cell its red color (and name).
• Low red blood cell, the case may be indicative of certain medical
conditions which a person may be going through. The common ones may
include anemia, malnutrition, chronic inflammation and acute or chronic
blood loss. Nutritional deficiencies including those of iron, copper, vitamin
B12, or vitamin B6 are the other low red blood cell count causes..
• A high red blood cell count indicates an excess of red blood cells
circulating in your bloodstream. Red blood cells (erythrocytes, or RBCs)
are produced in your bone marrow and transport oxygen from your lungs
to tissues throughout your body. A high red blood cell count is also called
erythrocytosis (uh-rith-roh-sie-TOH-sis).

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

• white blood cells help fight infections. They are also called leukocytes.

LYMPHOCYTES
• type of leukocyte (white blood cell) that is of fundamental importance in
theimmune system because lymphocytes are the cells that determine the
specificity of the immune response to infectious microorganisms and other
foreign substances.

• They are found in the circulation and also are concentrated in central
lymphoid organs and tissues, such as the spleen, tonsils, and lymph
nodes, where the initial immune v.

• A general increase in the number of lymphocytes is known

as lymphocytosis whereas a decrease is lymphocytopenia.
 • An increase in lymphocyte concentration is usually a sign of a viral
infection (in some rare case, leukemias are found through an abnormally
raised lymphocyte count in an otherwise normal person).

• A low normal to low absolute lymphocyte concentration is associated with

increased rates of infection after surgery or trauma.

EOSINOPHIL
• An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of
white blood cells called eosinophils.
• Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases,
infections, and other medical conditions.

MONOCYTES
• Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell which play a role
in immune system function. Depending on a patient's level of
health, monocytes make up between one and three percent of the total
white blood cells in the body. They can be counted as part of a blood test,
and changes in their levels can indicate changes in a patient's health.
• A low monocyte count is a good sign, and a high count indicates that a
problem is present.

PLATELET
• Platelets help the blood clot. They are smaller than red or white blood
cells.
• If the number of platelets is too low, excessive bleeding can occur.
• If the number of platelets is too high, blood clots can form (thrombosis),
which may obstruct blood vessels and result in such events as
a stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism or the blockage of
blood vessels to other parts of the body, such as the extremities of the
arms or legs.

the ability of the kidney to concentrate or dilute the urine over that of plasma.