0 Bewertungen0% fanden dieses Dokument nützlich (0 Abstimmungen)
398 Ansichten2 Seiten
The prophet's vision - he led caravans across the desert and became a successful merchant. His wife became the first convert to Islam. He spent the rest of his life spreading Islam and urging Arabs to give up their false gods.
The prophet's vision - he led caravans across the desert and became a successful merchant. His wife became the first convert to Islam. He spent the rest of his life spreading Islam and urging Arabs to give up their false gods.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als DOC, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
The prophet's vision - he led caravans across the desert and became a successful merchant. His wife became the first convert to Islam. He spent the rest of his life spreading Islam and urging Arabs to give up their false gods.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als DOC, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
A. Geographic Setting 1. Arabian peninsula mostly desert but farming is possible through irrigation or in scattered oases (fertile areas in a desert, watered by a natural well or spring) 2. Many Arab clans occupied Arabia at the time of Muhammad 3. Nomadic herders (Bedouins) used camels to cross the scorching desert in search of pastureland a.) Raids for scarce grazing land led to frequent warfare b.) The Bedouins formed the backbone of the armies that conquered a huge empire in the 600 and 700s 4. Mecca – Oasis town a.) Bustling market town at the crossroads of 2 main caravan routes b.) Arabs came to pray at the Kaaba (ancient shrine) c.) The pilgrim traffic brought good profits to local merchants B. Muhammad’s Vision – (born in Mecca about 570) 1. He led caravans across the desert and became a successful merchant 2. When he was 25 he married Khadija, a wealthy widow who ran a prosperous caravan business 3. He was troubled by idol worshop and moral ills of society 4. According to Muslim belief, he went to the desert and heard “Recite in the name of your God, the Creator, who created man from clots of blood” a.) he believed this to be the voice of the angel Gabriel calling him to be the messenger of God 5. His wife became the first convert to Islam (Arabic for “submission”) 6. He spent the rest of his life spreading Islam and urging Arabs to give up their false gods (Allah is Arabic word for god) C. The Hijira : A Turning Point 1. At first, few people listened to his teachings 2. In 622 he and his followers left Mecca for Yathrib (renamed Medina), a journey known as hijira 3. 622 became the first year of the Muslim calendar 4. Thousands of Arabs adopted Islam and the Muslims attacked Meccan caravans and defeated them in battle 5. In 630, Muhammad returned to Mecca where he destroyed the idols in the Kaaba 6. Today Islam is one of the world’s major religions II. Teachings of Islam – monotheistic (one God). The Quran is the sacred text that teaches that God is all-powerful and compassionate and that people are responsible for their own actions A. Five Pillars – All Muslims accept 5 basic duties 1. Declaration of faith. “There is no god but God. Muhammad is the messenger of God” 2. Daily prayer. After a ritual washing, Muslims face the holy city of Mecca to pray. They often pray in mosques (houses of worship) 3. Giving charity to the poor 4. Fasting from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan 5. Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca. All Muslims who are able are expected to visit the Kaaba at least once in their lives 6. Some Muslims look on jihad (struggle in God’s service) as another duty. Some have focused on a spiritual effort to overcome immorality other have engaged in warfare to defend Islam. B. The Quran 1. To Muslims, it contains the sacred word of God as revealed to Muhammad 2. It is the final authority on all matters 3. Emphasizes honesty, generosity, and social justice with harsh penalties for crimes such as stealing or murder C. “People of the Book” 1. Muslims profess faith in the same God as Jews and Christians 2. The Quran teaches that Islam is the final and complete revelation and that the Torah and Bible contain partial revelation III. A Way of Life A. Sharia – Islamic system of law 1. Regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, and other aspects of a Muslim community 2. Helped unite the many peoples who converted to Islam 3. Does not separate religious matters from criminal or civil law 4. Applies the Quran to all legal situations B. Impact of Islam on Women 1. Before Islam, some women took a hand in religion, trade, or warfare 2. Most women were under the control of a male guardian and could not inherit property 3. Islam affirmed the spiritual equality of women and men a.) Women therefore won greater protection under the law 4. The Quran prohibited the killing of daughters 5. Inheritance laws guaranteed a woman a share of her parents’ or husbands’ property 6. Muslim women had to consent freely to marriage and had the right to an education 7. In Persian and Byzantine lands, Arabs adopted the practice of veiling upper-class women and secluding them in a separate part of the home a.) There they managed the affairs of the household but seldom ventured out