Management styles are characteristic ways of making decisions and relating to subordinates.

This
idea was further developed by Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt (1958, 1973), who
argued that the style of leadership is dependent upon the prevailing circumstance; therefore leaders
should exercise a range of management styles and should deploy them as appropriate

Leadership has been described as the “process of social influence in which one person can enlist the
aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task”. Definitions more inclusive of
followers have also emerged. Alan Keith of Genentech states that, "Leadership is ultimately about
creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen." According to
Ken "SKC" Ogbonnia, "effective leadership is the ability to successfully integrate and maximize
available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment of
organizational or societal goals."

Concept of leadership

Leadership is a term used for a man who has the qualities to persuade people to do what
they don't want to do, or do what they're too lazy to do, and like it.. Leadership is the
quality of a superior to influence the behavior of a subordinate or group working under
him and persuade them to follow a particular course of action for achieving the
organizational goals. Leadership is the art to of influencing and directing people in such a
way that will win their obedience, confidence, respect and loyal cooperation in achieving
common objectives. The first job of a leader is to define a vision for the organization.

The world leadership refers

1. The process of leading

2. The concept of leading
3. Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading.

Within project management there are two main types of personalities: Relationship
oriented and Task oriented. It is fairly easy to tell the two apart. Aside from having a
detailed project schedule, the Task oriented manager has a separate list of things they
need to accomplish today and they feel great when all of them are checked off. The
Relationship oriented manager’s schedule is really a guideline and they are more likely
to have a list of people to call today.

Task oriented leadership

Highly task-oriented leaders focus only on getting the job done, and they can be quite autocratic. They
actively define the work and the roles required, put structures in place, plan, organize, and monitor.
However, because task-oriented leaders don't tend to think much about the well-being of their teams,
this approach can suffer many of the flaws of autocratic leadership, with difficulties in motivating and
retaining staff.
Task Oriented managers are good at directing people and moving the project forward
step by step. On any give day they can tell you the status of each subproject, confirm
if the project is on schedule, brief you on the budget and give you a graph of the
progress. They know their team’s strengths and weaknesses but might not be able to
remember last names. A productive day for a Task oriented manager probably doesn’t
include too many meetings but does involve completing multiple things

Task-oriented leader
Task-oriented leader refers to a a leader who is concerned primarily with getting the job done and
less so with the feelings of and relationships between the workers

Task-oriented leaders are focused on accomplishments. Initial success depends upon the
leader's ability to demonstrate competence and commitment to the team's members. Faced
with an initial uphill challenge, a task-oriented leader can help the team understand their
challenge by providing a coherent series of steps that structure their initial meetings. These
steps include creating a persuasive challenge; ensuring that the team has the right skill sets
involved; developing a shared understanding of their interdependent relationships; and
providing strategies for getting started. Each step fosters a collaborative culture in which the
team members trust each other and their leader, carry out quick wins, and begin the pursuit of
long-term work.

 Initiating structure, a task-oriented leadership style, is the degree to which a leader

defines and organizes his role and the roles of followers, is oriented toward goal
attainment, and establishes well-defined patterns and channels of communication2.  
 
Some behaviors of leaders who are strong in Initiating Structure Style include:
 
1.        Letting group members know what is expected of them
2.        Encouraging the use of uniform procedures
3.        Trying out ideas in the group
4.        Making his/her attitudes clear to the group
5.        Deciding what shall be done and how it shall be done
6.        Assigning group members to particular tasks
7.        Making sure that his/her part in the group is understood by group members
8.        Scheduling the work to be done
9.        Maintaining definite standards of performance
10.     Asking that group members follow standard rules and regulations

The task oriented internal leader:

Places emphasis on achieving organization goals, taking the organizational structure and internal
work procedures into account.
Gives emphasis to the roles of planning, coordination, administrative communication, budgeting
and decision making.
The leadership style is authoritative, centralized; no delegation of authority and no involvement of
organization members in decision making.
There is a tight control and supervision closely linked to processes and outcomes.
The leader does not tolerate deviations from the rules and processes that regulate the life of the
organization. Very low tolerance for ambiguity.
The task oriented external leaders
Focus on achieving organizational goals and attaining legitimization and resources from the
external environment.
Leadership style is authoritative, centralized, directive, and focused on attaining resources
establishing and expanding the organizational domain, improving the organization’s competitive
ability in an attempt to accumulate an organizational and personal power advantage over other
organizations.
Leader is task oriented, without considering the human factor which is a means to achieving his
goals.
Decision-making and problem-solving processes are based on the leader’s formal authority.